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7th EAGE Saint Petersburg International Conference and Exhibition
- Conference date: 11 Apr 2016 - 14 Apr 2016
- Location: Saint Petersburg, Russia
- ISBN: 978-94-6282-179-8
- Published: 11 April 2016
121 - 140 of 198 results
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Fracturing Evaluation Methodology in Carbonate Rocks During Oil and Gas Fields Prospecting
Authors K.I. Bagrintseva, A.P. Afanasenkov and D.A. AstashkinThe problem of carbonate rocks study as well as their potential evaluation seems to be the most important aim. Discovery of great and unique oil and gas deposits in carbonate rocks related to different age and origin, considerable filtration and capacitive parameters variation, uncertainty of effective thickness determination has issued the challenge of new technique elaboration for reliable estimation of reservoir types and properties. Principal distinction of methodology used in VNIGNI for carbonate core study consist in using cubic core samples (with side 5 cm) and application of capillary defectoscopy. Ratio between fractures, cavities and pores filled with luminescent liquid or only fractures presence allows to estimate pore volume in carbonate rocks: distinguish layers with mainly pore channels or complex structures (simultaneous pores, cavities and fractures available) as well as rocks with system of fractures. Nature and morphology of hollow spaces determined by luminophore is rather diverse that permits to locate reservoirs of different types in section and evaluate fractures participation in filtration and porosity
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Generalization of Core Researches Results of the Bazhenov Formation Deposits in the Central Part of Western Siberia
Authors V.D. Nemova, I.V. Panchenko, M.E. Smirnova and A.M. KirsanovThe results of many years of core researches of the Bazhenov formation in the Central part of Western Siberia are given. The amount and method of studies is shown. Examples of the detailed structure of the Bazhenov formation in different areas are given. The conclusions about the geological structure of the sediments and laterally variability of the strata are shown. The necessity of application of different algorithms for remote methods interpretation of the Bazhenov formation with different types of reservoirs are shown.
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Comparative Study of Different Oil and Gas Relative Permeability Models for Iranian Carbonates [A Statistical Approach]
Authors S.M. Alavi and A. AryanzadehLaboratory measurement of relative permeability including steady state and unsteady state methods are expensive and time consuming. Due to these shortcomings, several models for predicting and obtaining two phase relative permeabilites have been developed in literature. This study involves the comparison of different oil and gas relative permeability models with three experimental datasets from laboratory tests conducted on Iranian carbonate rocks. The comparison method includes a statistical approach for determining the best model performance applied to the model predictions. It found that Koederitz model gives closest fit to relative permeability ratio obtained from experimental data sets and it is followed by Wylie and Mohamad Ibrahim.
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Enhanced Wireline Core Size Retrieval By Casing Drilling Coring
Authors R. Ashena, G. Thonhauser, W. Vortisch, A. Roohi, C. Daws, C. Koller and M. ProhaskaAs one basic objective of coring methods applied, core size retrieved should be adequate (particularly in slim holes) so that appropriate results can be obtained from core analysis and also mechanical tests. However, conventional wireline continuous coring method is suffering from meeting this objective particularly in slim holes (particularly smaller than 5 ½-in) even by specialty drill pipes and jars with larger bores. Thus, in this paper, following attempting to remove the difficulties of grasping the wireline exploration drilling and translation possibility from mining to petroleum drilling, it is emphasized on utilization of casing drilling coring by replacing BHA and pipes with drill rods/casings as the most optimum method of coring to retrieve largest possible cores particularly in slim holes (holes sizes less than 5 ½-in) with some reasonable drilling rig modifications required for this purpose. It is recommended to utilize drill rods and specialty API drill pipes with modified gripping so that so that it is possible to switch to API drill pipes in ultra-deep intervals where drill rods depth capacity is exceeded.
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The Structure of the Abalak Formation in Detail and Patterns of Distribution of Reservoir Rocks
Authors M. Smirnova, V. Nemova and I. PanchenkoThe sweet spot for the search for oil and gas deposits in the Abalak Formation are interlayers and lenses of carbonate rocks, irregularly distributed. These rocks have fissured-cavernous type reservoirs. The paper shows that the lenslike mass are diagenetic calcareous nodules. Detailed lithological and petrographic studies of core samples revealed patterns of distribution of nodules of the section, and to identify them as belonging to the facies type deposits. The main part of the potential reservoir rocks, carbonate nodules confined to the facies F3, developed at the base of the upper part of the Abalak Formation. Facies is represented by alternating clays siliceous dark gray and clays slightly greenish-gray with plate glauconite. The rocks of this facies, in contrast to the lower, free of mica and silt (5%), irregular carbonated and bioturbated. An integrated approach to the consideration of levels spread of potential reservoir rocks can significantly refine geological models of oil fields and methods of further exploration of hydrocarbon deposits in the Abalak Formation.
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From Digital Core Samples to Thermodynamically Compatible Model of Porous Media
Authors T.S. Khachkova, V. Lisitsa, E. Lys, M. Novikov, E. Romenskiy and V. TcheverdaWe present a digital rock physics workflow to construct the thermodynamically compatible model governing seismic wave propagation in fluid filled porous media. Starting with the X-ray microtomograms the workflow includes: - image processing techniques to construct digital model of the rock sample; - hydrodinamical modelling to estimate filtration characteristics; - static mechanical loading to reconstruct the mechanical properties of the dry rock sample; - computation of the thermodynamically compatible model coefficients. Presented approach allows to proceed from the microscale (pores, grains) to mesoscale (fractures, thin layers) model accounting for the mechanical and the filtration characteristics of the rock.
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Geomechanics - a New Specialty of Seismic
By S.L. FedotovSeismic data has long been successfully used in building of reservoir models. Building of a structural framework, sequence- and seismic stratigraphy interpretation as well as reservoir properties characterization in the interwell space are common seismic "specialties". In recent years, a new direction in the use of seismic data is actively developing – that is, in geomechanical model building. Geomechanical factors play an important role at all stages of the life of a field. As a result, there is a need to assess and manage them, starting with a forecast of drilling risks and ending with a maximization of production. Geomechanical models are vital in well planning in the sense of forecasting possible drilling problems. Wellbore stability, combined with the pore pressure determines restrictions on mud weight required for secure drilling. Reliable geomechanical model is ultimately needed while planning hydraulic fracturing in order to intensify production of hydrocarbons. Exploration for hydrocarbons in complex reservoirs and difficult conditions, as well as their further development requires improved and innovative approaches. In this regard, efficient use of seismic data in building of geomechanical models is very important.
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Three Levels of Well Log Data Interpretation In Geomechanical Modelling
Authors T. Nekrasova, K. Kozlov, I. Yakovleva and Y. PavlovskiyHistorically, standard log data interpretation has been required for geological modelling, while rock physics modelling and analysis traditionally prepare the foundation for seismic inversion, since rock physics is used to determine relationship between elastic parameters and reservoir properties of porous rock types. This is different for complex unconventional reservoirs, where matrix component contributes a small part to the overall productivity. In this case geomechanical parameters become more important for further field development of complex unconventional reservoirs: initial principal stresses in the rock, brittleness, changes of rock properties after hydraulic fracturing. In this case the role of seismic inversion is lessened to the prediction of elastic parameters between wells to progress the transition to a geomechanical model, calibrated to well data. The role of interpretation of well log data is fundamental in this process and includes three stages: the first stage is petrophysical interpretation to obtain a bulk petrophysical model, then petrophysical model is built for recovery and correction of compressional and shear velocities, finally, the last stage is determining relationship between elastic and geomechanical parameters. The suggested approach allows to constantly account for changes in the formation parameters in field development process and to make adjustments to geomechanical model accordingly.
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Analysis of Methods of Multi-Stage Hydraulic Fracturing Efficiency Assessment at Horizontal Wells
Authors M.V. Okunev, A.S. Aleshkin and P.V. Molodykhmetry in an explicit form. The main idea of this paper is the development of the methodology for the assessment of well’s performance on the basis of currently existing models. The development of the methodology included several stages: the selection of an appropriate mathematical model, its further modification and adaptation in order to meet real-life challenges, as well as examination of possible fields of application. Subject area review revealed the existence of the following mathematical models, that allow to predict the performance of the considered type of wells: Hujun Li and Zhengqi Jia, Boyun Guo and Xiance Yu, Hong Yuan and Desheng Zhou. These models formed the basis of this study. As a result of performed research, complete methodology for evaluation of the productivity of horizontal wells with multistage hydraulic fracturing, on the basis of Hujun Li model, was proposed. Several possible applications of this technique were examined. Model proved its workability in a specific geological conditions, peculiar to Western Siberia.
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Precursors of Rock Bursts in Rock Massif Using Seismological Catalogue Data Dat
Authors O.A. Hachay and O.Y. KhachayA new algorithm of seismological information processing of detailed mines catalogue with use kinematic and dynamical characteristics of deformation waves, which propagate with different velocities in the rock massif, which is under heavy influence of single blasts and technological explosions. It is estimated that the waves, which propagate with the velocities from 10 to 1 m/hour are primary carrier of the energy in the massif and promote it’s releasing. Events, which occur in the massive with these waves with releasing energy less than 104 joules promote to the creep rebuilding of the massif. Events, which occur in the massive with these waves with releasing energy more, than 105 joules, can be used as rock burst precursory and it is recommend taking into account by changing of explosions in the indicated part of the massif. The whole absence of such events indicates the growing of the stress massif state in the mine as a whole. The received joined information from the seismic catalogue is very significant for forecasting of dangerous events in the rock mines.
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A New Approach for Relating Dynamic Elastic Properties and Geomechanical Parameters Based on Rock Physics Modeling
Authors M.F. Ghasemi, I.O. Bayuk and Y. AlkhimenkovGeomechanical modeling is of great importance for different tasks of prospecting geophysics. This modeling requires knowledge on geomechanical characteristics including the static moduli (Young modulus and Poisson coefficient), the uniaxial compression strength and internal friction angle. The only way to get reliable geomechanical parameters is laboratory tests providing “stress-strain” curves. However, this way is time consuming and should be performed for many representative samples of all stratigraphic units penetrated by a well. Many empirical relations exist that allow one to relate the dynamic moduli provided by logging with the geomechanical parameters. However these relations work only locally. In this work we propose an approach based on classification of rocks with respect to their macrostructure controlling the both dynamic moduli and geomechanical characteristics. The microstructure is described by the rock’s model parameters inverted from the experimental data with the help of the Rock Physics modeling. This makes it possible to group different rocks into classes with respect to the model parameters. As a result this allows one to find relations between the dynamic elastic parameters measured in field and geomechanical and other physical parameters (not measured) for different rock groups via the rock microstructure parameters specific of each rock group.
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Stability Modeling of a Production Well in Haft Kel Oilfield Using FLAC2D
By A. BarjastehAccess to oil and gas reservoirs is confront with many problems in different parts of the exploration, drilling, exploitation and processing. Hence, stability of wells are particularly important. In order to understand and predict the causes of wellbore instability problems, making geomechanical model is necessary. In this paper, based on the data of one of the wells in Haft Kel oilfield of Iran, a geomechanical model is established regarding Mohr-Coulomb and Mogi-Coulomb criteria to define appropriate drilling mud window. Then, using the software FLAC2D, a model is constructed at four depths and stability analysis is performed. The analysis shows that the direction of maximum horizontal stress is NE-SW. The major shear fractures are SWBO and tensile fractures are TCYL. Accordingly, the minimum and maximum values of the simulated stresses are 30 and 110 MPa, respectively. The magnitude of maximum and minimum horizontal displacements along X and Y coordinates are 3×10-4 and 7.5×10-5 m, respectively. Finally, the safe and stable mud window for different drilling depths is between 17.5 and 27.92 MPa for Mohr-Coulomb criterion and between 13.01 and 27.92 MPa for Mogi-Coulomb criterion, respectively.
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Isolation of Prospective Oil and Gas Objects in the Visean-Lower Permian Complex of Timan-Pechora Province
By T.N. KrykovaFor replacement of hydrocarbon reserves one of the most effective areas of geological exploration is the identification and involvement in the development of perspective unvalued objects within the local objects where already carried out a deep drilling in different years. Analysis and integrated processing of GIS and drilling in biogenic-carbonate of Upper-Visean-Lower-Permian complex of Timan-Pechora province are revealed the promising objects in the sediments of the Serpukhov tiers of Lower carbon and of Asselian-Sakmarian stage of Lower-Permian
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Geology and Petroleum Potential of the Pre-Jurassic and Lower Jurassic Deposits of the Southern Part of the Kara Sea
Authors L.A. Zadoenko and E. FirstaevaOn the basis of the dynamic characteristics of the wave field, the analysis of time thickness and structural factors highlighted promising gas-saturated clastic sediments of the objects in the Lower Jurassic and Upper Triassic. These objects, given their relatively small depth and closeness to the land, are the prime targets of drilling to detect gas deposits on the shelf of the Kara Sea.
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Petroleum Potential of the Pre-Jurassic Deposits in the North of the Western Siberia
More LessConformability forecasts of industrial accumulations of hydrocarbons in the deep levels low, so there is a need for a comprehensive study of the geological structure of the study area and identify the geological parameters, allowing industrial zones to justify the importance of oil and gas facilities. As a result of a comprehensive analysis of geological data of deep drilling and seismic survey north of Western Siberia in the Paleozoic-Triassic oil and gas complex built schematic map of the areas the depth of the roof pre-Jurassic deposits, the main parameters of productivity of industrial zones. Based on the conducted research marked the expected direction of industrial zones of oil and gas potential within the western and southern parts aria of the Nadym-Pur on structures with a high tectonic activity.
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The Use of Simulators for Designing and Interpretation of Well Thermal Survey
Authors A. Ramazanov, R. Valiullin, R. Sharafutdinov, T. Khabirov, A. Sadretdinov, M. Zakirov and D. IslamovThermometry is one of the most informative production logging method. It is used for well and reservoir survey at all stages of well life: drilling, completion and production. The worldwide scope of temperature surveys is very large. However, despite many attempts of quantitative interpretation technique developing, the interpretation of temperature measurements remains mostly on qualitative level. In recent years, due to the ability of temperature logging by distributed sensors and to the appearance of complex numerical simulators of temperature processes in the well-formation system, the interest in the quantitative interpretation is increasing. Particular interest is obtaining individual rates and hydrodynamic parameters in multilayer system by interpretation of temperature and pressure transients. Methods for determination of reservoir parameters and mathematical models of thermo-hydrodynamic processes in the well-reservoir system are described in a number of the papers of groups at Stanford University, Texas A&M University, Bashkir State University in cooperation with the Moscow Research Center of Schlumberger and company TGT. The paper considers mathematical models of thermo- hydrodynamic processes in the well, reservoir and surrounding rocks as well as examples of temperature simulator using for survey designing for different well types and for interpretation of field data.
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Joint 2D Inversion of Induction and Galvanic Borehole Sounding Data When Logging Hydrocarbon Reservoirs
Authors I.V. Mikhaylov, V.N. Glinskikh, M.N. Nikitenko and I.V. SurodinaThis paper concentrates on improving the reliability of hydrocarbon saturation estimation while investigating oil and gas reservoirs. We base on algorithms for multidimensional numerical simulation and inversion, as well as utilize a complex of induction and galvanic borehole sounding signals. We have developed software for joint numerical inversion of induction and galvanic log data within a consistent axially symmetric earth model. There is no need in depth matching since all the logs are recorded during one round-trip operation. We have reconstructed the spatial resistivity distribution around the borehole, taking into account enclosing rocks and thin impermeable carbonate and clay interlayers. Due to applying the joint inversion, one significantly reduces the zone of ambiguity in the inverse geophysical problem.
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Adaptation of Petrophysical Basis for Seismic Geological Modeling on the Example of the Tyumen Formation Sediments
Authors Y.A. Kalacheva and E.A. CherepanovIn connection with the high degree of hydrocarbon’s decrease from the largest and most productive oilfields, the main reserve of oil stocks became resources associated with inhomogeneous and low-permeable collectors. The fact mentioned above leads to the necessity of a detailed geological and geophysical study of oil and gas reservoirs, constructing the appropriate models. The developed technique of interpreting the log data based on point-wise evaluation of parameters, allowed to establish the petrophysical characteristics of thin collectors, the most important for sediments with a high degree inhomogeneity
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Some Petrophysical Aspects of the Interpretation of Volcanic Rocks and their Weathering Crusts
By B.N. EnikeevBased on of generalization of petrophysical publications and processing of empirical data offered statistical relations for the volcanic rocks and their weathering crusts. Algorithms of practical use of the received results are offered.
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Sparsity Promoting Least Squares Migration for Laterally Inhomogeneous Media
Authors A. Siahkoohi and A. GholamiThe aim of this correspondence is to introduce a sparsity promoting least squares migration method using a generalized F-K migration operator that can compensate for lateral velocity change. In addition with help of sparse regularization the method finds a non-smooth model that has a higher resolution compared to a typical least squares migration algorithm and reduces the artifacts. The efficiency of the method is tested on synthetic seismic data.
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