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GEO 2012
- Conference date: 04 Mar 2012 - 07 Mar 2012
- Location: Manama, Bahrain
- Published: 04 March 2012
1 - 100 of 345 results
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GORE® Surveys for Exploration “Amplified Geochemical ImagingSM” Services — A Direct HydrocarbonIndicator Method & Results of a Demonstration of Capabilities in Abu Dhabi
Authors Mark J. Wrigley, Mahfoud Al Jenaibi, Pierre van Laer and Holger StolpmannDown hole geophysics, and 2D and 3D seismic imaging, are some of the tools most often used by petroleum explorationists to find and exploit our hydrocarbon resources. Unfortunately, no single technology or tool has the current capability to answer all of the questions posed by exploration professional; each tool offers its own unique view into the subsurface and, when used together in a complementary fashion, help build a more complete picture of the petroleum system and/or the reservoir.
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Petrophysical Properties Evaluation of Heterogeneous Gas Shaly Sands with NMR Logging Data
Authors Gharib Hamada and Osama ElmahdyPetrophysical properties evaluation of heterogeneous gas shaly sands reservoirs is one of the most difficult problems. These reservoirs usually produce from multiple layers with different permeability and complex formation, which is often enhanced by natural fracturing.
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Permeability Evaluation of Zubair Formation Using Well Logs
More LessThis study is focused on the evaluation of formation permeability for a sandstone reservoir in three southern Iraqi oil fields which are Zubair, North and South Rumaila at Zubair formation.
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Enhanced Ranking of Sedimentary Basins for Resilient CO2 Sequestration
More LessCurrent concern revolves around the adoption of appropriate criteria to adequately characterize basins for safe and longterm sequestration of CO2. Six sedimentary basins from around the world were chosen for this study.
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A Multidisciplinary Approach to Recognize and Predict the Role of Fractures in Maximizing Economic Recovery from Basement Reservoirs by Integrating Different Disciplines, Zeit Bay Field - Gulf Of Suez, Egypt, Egypt
Authors Saber M.Selim, Wegdan A.Saleh, Taha A. Abd El-Rahman and Mohamed S.HateelFractured Reservoirs provide over 20% of the world reserves and production. However, few of these reservoirs are optimally developed. It is undeniable that the reservoir characterization modeling and simulation of naturally fractured reservoirs present unique challenges that differentiate them from conventional reservoirs which also mean that they require unique solutions and strategies for optimum production.
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Proppant Free Fracturing Technique for Production Optimization in Tight Gas Reservoirs — An Overview
More LessTight gas refers to natural gas reservoirs locked in extraordinarily impermeable, hard rock, making the underground formation extremely "tight. “and its permeability below or equal to 0.01md.It is a promising resource because of its inherent association with conventional hydrocarbon systems.
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Reservoir Characterization Modeling, A Multidisciplinary Approach, Zeit Bay Field Case Study, Gulf Of Suez, Egypt
Authors Saber M Selim, Khaled M. Abd Allah and Wegdan A. SalehReservoir Characterization plays an important role in Reservoir Management. Good understanding of how, why and where the reservoir produces, optimizing production can be determined. Understanding the reservoir means dissecting the data and studying the relation between all its components.
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Structural Assessment and 3-D Geological Modeling as a Good Approach to Reservoir Management Scheme, Ras Burdran Field — Gulf of Suez, Egypt
Authors Saber M. Selim, Mohamed Zakaria Abd El-Rahman and Ahmed Abd El-Hadi3D geological modeling has become one of the most reliable and effective means of displaying geological structures of any oil or gas field. Building a coherent 3D geological model of a complex heavy oil field, with long years of production is a tremendous task that requires a multi-disciplinary approach and the effective management of a large amount of data (i.e., outcrops, cores, logs, 3D seismic, well tests and production data).
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Facies Development and Depositional Model, a Multidisciplinary Approach to Maximize Economic Recovery from Carbonate Reservoir, Ras Fanar Field, Gulf Of Suez, Egypt
More LessFacies development and Depositional system reorganization play an important role in defining the details distribution of reservoir rocks and fluids content with the ultimate goal of a reservoir management scheme.
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Managing Young Geoscientists in Oil Industry: A Gen-Next Perspective
More LessManaging young and restless geoscientists can be one of the most challenging jobs for an oil industry human resources (HR) department. The recent downturn in the economy has added to these woes. This study provides a methodology to address the concerns of geoscientists in the upstream oil industry.
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Addressing the Geological Challenges in Tight Gas Sandstones with Advanced Borehole Imaging Solutions, Sultanate of Oman
More LessIn tight gas sandstones, detailed geological understanding of the reservoirs is imperative in preparing optimal exploration, appraisal and development plans. The distribution of sand bodies, their textures, orientation and paleocurrent directions need to be understood in the context of sedimentary depositional environments to assist in the prediction and identification of reservoir architecture, reservoir quality variability and sweet spots.
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Refining the Facies Model to Address Reservoir Heterogeneity: Application of New Borehole Imager in Sandstone Reservoirs of Oman
Authors Chandramani Shrivastava, Abdullah Al Alawi and Joachim BildsteinThe geological complexities of the clastic reservoirs in Northern Oman pose difficult challenges in understanding the distribution of reservoir facies for proper delineation of the gas bearing formations. The latest borehole imager helped a great deal in overcoming the limitation of traditional imaging in high salinity mud and detailed sedimentological interpretation could be performed to understand the architecture of the reservoir.
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Holistic Uncertainty Analysis for the Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Pore Volume from Petrophysical Data
More LessThe evaluation of the hydrocarbon pore volume (HPVOL) from petrophysical well log analysis is the starting point for calculating hydrocarbon in place (HIP), or in mature fields, the remaining hydrocarbon in place (RHIP). The understanding of these numbers and the associated uncertainty is critical to economic evaluation. HPVOL is normally calculated using a deterministic petrophysical workflow.
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Reconstructing a Source Rock System — Silurian Onlap in Time and Space
By Pieter SpaakWith the rising interest in unconventional oil and gas plays, the need for better understanding and detailed reconstructions of source rock systems becomes even more important than for conventional plays. In this presentation, the base Silurian source rock on the Gondwana margin will be reviewed.
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Integrating CMR, MRF Log and Conventional Logs in Devonian and Ordovician Formations — Illizi Basin, Algeria
Authors Baouche Rafik, Djeddi Mabrouk and Baddari KamelThis study presents an evaluation integrating MRF, CMR logs and conventional logs for the well Take-1, Illizi basin in Algeria. MRF, CMR logs and conventional logs provide formation permeability in different ways though the parameter can be derived in the three kinds of data.
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Depositional Dynamics of Fortuna and Tellien Basin
More LessLitho-biostratigraphical correlation and detailed sedimentological analysis has been used as a tool to discriminate and illustrate the role of tectonics and eustasy in the configuration of the Fortuna and tellian basin of northern Tunisia, using 17 field sections of shallow to nonmarine oligo-miocene deposits distributed along NW-SE trending from Nefza-Kasseb to Tunisian Atlas domains.
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Microseismic Event Spectrum Control and Strain Energy Release in Stressed Rocks
More LessStudying of passive seismicity concerns the physical processes of sound generation by cracks, propagation and recording of elastic waves. One of the main questions remains open - how do radiated elastic waves carry information about physical parameters of their sources (cracks) through a complex geomedium?
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Utilization of LTFS to Solve Complex Issues Related to Data Sharing in Geo and Seismic Data Collection
More LessThe amount of data being collected in the Geo Surveying environment is growing exponentially with the improvement of the surveying equipment. This exponential growth causes complexity in data storage and sharing.
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Exploration IT Technologies Monitoring
Authors Abbas A. Al-Ali and Ahmed F. BarradaMost of the monitoring of the Exploration IT Technologies in the industry are targeting physical components such as computer servers and storage devices. Another more efficient approach of monitoring is to identify the critical business services and tie them to their respective physical systems and infrastructure resources.
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Saudi Aramco Drilling Scheduling & Budgeting Automation Process
Authors Ibrahim Ilyia and Huthaifa EiloutiDue to the high demand for oil production, and in a Company like Saudi Aramco which handles one of the largest drilling operations in the world (hundreds of wells within a year) by a single company, planning the set of wells that need to be drilled undergoes a complex and a dynamic process.
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Hydrogeological Characterization of Maradi Fault Zone in Oman
More LessMaradi Fault Zone (MFZ) is a major structural feature of north and central Oman. With the increase in the petroleum and hydrogeological exploration and production in the PDO concession area especially in the areas with proximitiy to MFZ, concerns were raised regarding the potential of the fault to act as a preferential source of fluid recharge in the aquifers and formations cut by the fault or to act as a seal to fluid flow.
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Super-Virtual Interferometric Stacking: Enhancing the Refracted Energy
Authors Ali A. Aldawood, Abdulrahman Alshuhail and Sherif HanafyBuilding an accurate near-surface velocity model is an essential step for many applications in seismic data processing such as wave-equation redatuming, statics correction, and tomographic inversion. Achieving an accurate model requires precise first-break picking of refracted energy.
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Hydrocarbon Source Rocks Evaluation and Basin Modeling in South East Onshore Nile Delta Basin, Egypt
The South East Onshore Nile Delta basin includes the South East El Mansoura Concession. It has a complicated structural and stratigraphic framework, being affected by the Nile Delta Hinge Zone which separates the area into northern and southern mini basins.
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Imaging a Hydrocarbon Field in SE Albania Using Seismic Interferometry and Passive Seismic Tomography
Authors Sanjay Rana, Nick Martakis, Paris Paraskevopoulos and G-Akis TselentisIn the last decade Passive Seismic Tomography (PST) methodologies have started to be applied in hydrocarbon exploration with an increasing resolution and providing solutions where conventional seismic were either unsuccessful (seismic penetration problems) or un-economical (difficult topography, large areas of exploration, field conditions.
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Imaging Structural Geology with Dip and Directional Dip
Authors Ahmed A. Aqrawi and Trond Hellem BoeWe present an improved method of dip estimation as a seismic attribute, and visualize this in 2 components; dip and directional dip. This method proves to be very efficient in highlighting geologic structures.
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Multi-Measurement Interpretation — A New Methodology for Basin Mapping and Prospect Identification
Authors Frank Jreij, Marianne Rauch-Davies and Craig BeasleyA wide variety of data sources (publicly accessible, available for license, and newly acquired) and measurements (seismic, electro-magnetic, gravity, magnetic, radiometric, hyperspectral, petrophysical, etc.) are being utilized to develop 3-D subsurface Earth models.
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Geological Evaluation and Petroleum Prospectivity of the Jeffara Basin in Southern Tunisia
More LessOutcrop data as well as petrographical studies, tectono-stratigraphic overview and sedimentological investigation were used to construct the depositional environments of Lower Cretaceous series. The rock units, including several third-order sequences were deposited in a variety of inner platform environments with distinct fauna associations in relation with tectonic events and sea level change.
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Unified, Automated and Map-Based E&P Data Management
Authors Sahal S. Waked and Yasser S. Al-GhamdiSaudi Aramco is implementing a new web-based seismic & well data management system to allow end users to easily manage and transfer data stored in distributed vendor and corporate data repositories.
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Price Projection Model for New Explorations and the Lost Control of Majors
Oil price prediction is one of the vital processes in every oil producing and operating company for current running projects and future new explorations, the whole different segments of industries and commodities would be also interested in knowing the future of oil prices, and we shall not ignore the interest that each country by itself shows to know the effect of future prices on their development plans.
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Neogene Biostratigraphy and Sea Level Changes — Case Study from North Kuwait Field
The Neogene clastics (sandstones and shale interventions) in one of the north Kuwait fields range in age from Early Miocene (Burdigalian) to Middle Miocene (Serravalian). An attempt was made to carry out detailed biostratigraphy (foraminifera, nannoplankton, palynomorphs and dinoflagellate cysts) from study of selected core samples in this geological succession and establish the sea level changes and depositional environment leading to sequence stratigraphic interpretations.
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Geophysical Data Acquisition Gateway: Tools for Planning, Tracking, Reporting and Collaboration
The increasing world demand of oil and gas led to raise hydrocarbon exploration in Saudi Aramco. The number of acquisition projects is increasing making it impossible to plan and monitor the progress of these projects manually.
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G&G Business Capability Based Software Design and Architecture
More LessBusiness Capabilities is a modeling techniques used to model the services that a business or enterprise offers or requires. These capabilities are modeled in the Business Conceptual layer and represent what the business does (or needs to do) in order to fulfill its objectives and responsibilities.
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An SOA Approach to G&G Computing Challenges
More LessMost of the oil industry have already made several steps along the road towards enterprise SOA, or at the very least already have a number of Web services deployed. Most of these companies have multiple platforms from multiple vendors, distributed across organization, administrative and trust boundaries.
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Model-Centric 3-D Petrophysical Application Technology
Authors Roger R. Sung and Khalid S. Al-WahabiThe complexity and heterogeneity of reservoirs makes it extremely difficult to characterize and predict recovery. Oil industry geoscientists and engineers have made strides in developing advanced petrophysical algorithms and formation evaluation techniques to understand the fluid flow mechanisms.
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Unconventional Energy Resources: Basin Centered Gas System
More LessWith a view to energy security of the world ,unconventional energy resources - Basin Centered Gas ,coalbed methane (CBM) , Methane GasHydrate,shale gas, tight gas,oil shale and heavy oil- exploration and exploitation is pertinent task before geoscientist.
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3-D Edge Preserving Smoothing Using the Redundant Wavelet Transform
Authors Saleh Al-Dossary and Gino AnanosSeveral geometric seismic attributes enhance our ability to detect discontinuous features in seismic data such as faults, fractures and channels.
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Multi-Directional and Multi-Scale Fault Detection Using the Random Wavelet Transform
Authors Saleh Al-Dossary and Khalid M. Al-GarniWe introduce a new and effective method of detecting discontinuities or “edges” such as faults in seismic data. This new algorithm detects faults based on both the directional derivatives and on the redundant wavelet transforms (RWT).
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Monte-Carlo Statics: A Stochastic Approach on Wide-Azimuth Middle-East Data
Authors Guillaume Poulain and Le MeurEstimation of surface-consistent residual statics on large wide-azimuth Middle-East data using a Monte-Carlo approach is a challenge. This non-linear method that uses Simulated Annealing to compute large magnitude statics is characterized by its efficiency. However, by using advanced methods like high performance computing, the computation cost of this algorithm can be drastically reduced.
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Application of True-Azimuth 3-D SRME to Onshore Data — A Case Study
More LessThe processing strategy for the 3D prediction and subsequent elimination of long period surface-related multiple energy (SRME) on a 3D non-orthogonal land seismic data is presented. It is demonstrated that the new development of 4D Fourier regularization is critical in the pre-conditioning prior to the application of 3D SRME.
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How Early Diagenesis Restrain / Enhance Fractures Development in Carbonates NFR? An Analogue Case Studies in Provence (France) and Maiella Mountain (Italy)
Nearly 85 % of carbonates reservoirs are naturally fractured and over 30 % of world’s hydrocarbons reserves are located in NFR (Naturally Fractured Reservoirs) in which fracture networks controls fluid flow and/or accumulation. Implicitly, we have to consider that a reservoir is fractured until proven otherwise.
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Future-Seismic. How Tomorrow’s Geophysicists Can Be Restricted by Today’s Hardware
Authors Robert G. Heath and John GilesThe field of geophysics has never been more dynamic. New ideas are emerging more regularly than ever before in such areas as simultaneous source acquisition, ultra-large channel counts and passive/permanent monitoring.
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Petrophysical Evaluation of Low Resistivity Pay Zones in Clastic and Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors Yousef M. Al-Shobaili and Murat ZeybekA petrophysical integration methodology has been developed to evaluate low resistivity pay zones in both thin carbonates and laminated sand-shale sequences. This technique utilizes information from porosity and resistivity logs with additional data from formation pressure and downhole fluid sampling analysis.
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Improving Lithology Characterization in a Multi-Mineral Environment
Authors Izu Ariwodo and Pablo SaldungarayReservoir productivity is often influenced by the various lithologies present in the drilled wells. This is because lithology plays a major part in determining the rocks physical and chemical properties such as permeability, porosity, capillarity, rock strength, reactivity, precipitation, etc. A good knowledge of the reservoir rock lithology is vital in defining an efficient, effective and economic development strategy for the reservoir.
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Microbial Dolomite of the Coastal Sabkha of Abu Dhabi as a Modern Analogue of the Triassic Dolomite Reservoirs of the Northern Parts of the Arabian Plate
More LessMicrobial dolomites have been fully documented in lagoonal and sabkha sediments from different parts of the world. Detailed textural characterization, using SEM coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), of three deep cores (down to six meters) and fifty surface samples from the intertidal and supratidal zones of the coastal sabkha of Abu Dhabi indicate that dolomite constitutes up to 50% of the bulk sediments.
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Petrophysical Modeling for Evaluating Moldic Porosity in Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors Marvin Rourke, Wael Soleiman, Jerome Truax and John QuireinPredicting reservoir quality and productivity from petrophysical log measurements in carbonates is a well known challenge. Heterogeneous carbonate pore systems often defy petrophysical correlations such as porosity-perm which are routinely used in silici-clastic environments.
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Theory and Approach for Mapping Hydrodynamic Traps and a Middle East Example
Authors Yunlai Yang and Khalid A. MahmoudProvided hydraulic heads in the ground water surrounding a hydrocarbon accumulation are the same, the only force acting on the hydrocarbon body is buoyancy, which is vertical. This force results in the horizontal contact between oil and water. If hydraulic heads are different, the hydrocarbon body is also subjected to a lateral hydraulic force.
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Reservoir Sweet Spots in the Arabian Petroleum Basin; Types and Controls
More LessReservoir sweet spots are areas with better permeability relative to their surroundings. They represent a major challenge in exploration and development. This abstract describes the types of reservoir sweet spots in the Arabian basin and the most common factors controlling their development. Three types of reservoir sweet spots are identified in the Arabian basin; tectonic, sedimentologic and diagenetic.
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Complex Successions of Rock Categories in Clastic Reservoirs: Extreme Geological Heterogeneity
More LessModeling complex spatial patterns of rock-bodies in the subsurface is critical to achieve realistic evaluations of hydrocarbon production scenarios in flow simulation models. Three or more spatial locations of the same rock type might belong to a single curvilinear rock-body in the subsurface (e.g., meandering or braided channels with highly permeable sandstones).
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Meeting Exploration Challenges with High Performance Computing Applications
More LessSuccessful and safe hydrocarbon drilling operations require creation of a detailed and accurate estimate of the earth’s physical properties before the well location is planned. Creating such a reservoir model typically involves the interpretation of seismic data to predict macro- and micro-scale rock properties and to guide the interpolation of reservoir properties between existing well locations.
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Reservoir Rock Characteristics of Biyadh Formation in the East Shabowah Oilfields, Western Central Masila Basin, Yemen
Authors Mohammed H. Hakimi, Mohamed R. Shalaby and Wan H. AbdullahBiyadh Formation, the late Early Cretaceous in age, is a clastic rock containing substantial amounts of proven oil and located in the western central Masila Basin. The lithofacies of this formation reflects braided river channels, shoreface and shallow-marine settings.
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Oil-Generating Potential of Tertiary Coals and Rich-Organic Matter Sediments of the Nyalau Formation in Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors Mohammed H. Hakimi, Wan H.Abdullah and Mohamed R. ShalabyOrganic matter content, type and maturity as well as some petrographic characteristics of the Tertiary coals and richorganic matter sediments of the Nyalau Formation exposed in the Sarawak were evaluated, and their depositional environment was interpreted. Geochemical (Rock-Eval pyrolysis, extract analysis and biomarker distributions) and petrological are the main methods used in this study.
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Regional Distribution of Hydraulic Properties of the Palaeozoic Wajid Sandstone Group Southwestern Saudi Arabia
More LessIn the frame of aquifer studies in Saudi Arabia, we measured porosity and permeability of sandstones of the Palaeozoic Wajid Sandstone in order to get a data base for a regional groundwater model. The Wajid sandstone is subdivided into five formations, which differ in their dominant depositional environment.
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Surface Related Multiple Elimination Using High Performance Computing
Authors Raed A. Al-Shaikh, Sami Abulleif and Yi LuoProper elimination of surface related multiples is an important -and often necessary step - in processing marine seismic data.
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Seismic Modeling with One-Way Wave Equation
Authors Jianwu Jiao, Saleh M. Saleh and Eric VerschuurForward modeling is an important step in seismic data processing and velocity model building. Modeling techniques can be divided into two major categories: ray-based methods and wave equation methods. Ray-based methods such as Kirchhoff modeling are computationally more efficient than wave equation methods. Ray-based methods usually produce inaccurate models when the subsurface geology is complex.
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Using AHP and PROMETHEE Methods for Qualified Hydrocarbon Horizons Prioritization in One of Iranian Hydrocarbon Reservoir
Authors Behzad Mehrgini, Seyyed Ali Torabi and Hossein MemarianHydrocarbon Reservoir characterization and identification of high producible horizons, are main factors in reservoir management.
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Heterogeneous Gravity Data Combination for Geophysical Exploration Research — The Applications of the GOCE Satellite Data for Basin and Petroleum System Analysis in the Arabian Peninsula
Authors Rader Abdul Fattah, Sjef Meekes, Johannes Boumans, Michael Schmidt and Jorg EbbingThe GOCE satellite gravity mission was launched in 2009 to measures the gravity gradient with high accuracy and spatial resolution. GOCE data may improve the understanding and modeling of the Earth’s interior and its dynamic processes, contributing to gain new insights into the geodynamics and composition of the crust and the lithosphere.
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Khuff Reservoir in North Oman: A High Resolution Sequence Stratigraphic Approach
The Khuff Fm is one of the reservoirs with the highest economic significance in the Middle East region. It comprises mixed carbonate/evaporitic sequences of Late Permian-Early Triassic age deposited on a large and flat epeiric carbonate ramp. In North Oman the Khuff houses important hydrocarbon accumulation, and features a field-scale layer-cake geometry characterized by relatively thin reservoir geobodies, with internal property contrast.
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Determining Grain-Size Volumetric’s from Image Logs: A Method of Quantifying Reservoir Quality Variations
Authors Manfred Frass and Isabel C. ArbelaezIn sand-shale sequences, more sedimentological details could be measured and quantified with an image log, however, vertical resolution has historically been a major limitation in obtaining the data yielded from core analysis or cuttings. As defaults, sedimentological features like cross bedding, lateral accretion and erosion surfaces, and other elements could be identified to define depositional environments for various intervals along the image log. Porosity variations and permeability require additional data be acquired, such as nuclear magnetic resonance or triple-combo logs, but vertical resolution in these logs is limited.
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Resetting the Geological Framework of the Al Baraka Field, Komombo Concession, Upper Egypt
Authors Barry Wood, Ahmed Zakariya and Ahmed Abdel HadySouthern Egypt has attracted only sporadic interest since the 1990’s with success finally arriving in 2007 with the drilling of Al Baraka-1 by Dana Gas and the discovery of the Al Baraka Field. However, without a solid database, the geology of this remote basin of Egypt remained little known.
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Pilot Performance Screening and Design Using a Mechanistic Model
Authors Tawfic A. Obeida, Nidhal Al Alawi and Hani Al ShanPilot objectives usually predetermined before pilot field implementations. To study different pilot performance predictions, dynamic reservoir simulation is used as screening tool for pilot performance cases to meet pilot objectives. A Mechanistic model "box model" which is a limited size simulation model is used to compare different pilot configuration performances on equal bases and save CPUs and simulation time.
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Middle and Upper Jurassic Palynostratigraphy and Hydrocarbon Potential in the Zagros Fold Belt, Northern Iraq
More LessStructured organic matter of palynomorphs, mainly dinoflagellate cysts, were analysed to determine the precise ages of petroleum source rocks in the Middle Jurassic through the Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous stratigraphic section in northern Iraq.
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Adopting Leading Edge Technologies in Data Processing, Experience from Kuwait
Authors Wael A. Zahran, Adel El-Emam, Jarrah Al-Genai and Bader Al-AjmiDevelopments in data processing technologies over the last few years represent a major step towards understanding and solving seismic challenges, these advanced technologies can help KOC achieving its objectives.
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Stable Isotopes as New Correlation Tool for Clastic Rocks
Authors Elisa Guasti, Roel Verreussel, Timme Donders and Tom B. van HoofStable isotope geochemistry is a rapidly evolving branch with a strong innovative application to E&P focuses on enhancing correlation at local, regional and global scale.
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An Outcrop Analog of Kharaib & Shu’aiba Reservoir: Example of the Urgonian Platform (Gard and Ardèche, SE France)
More LessUrgonian platform carbonates are widespread in the Southeast of France. They were deposited along the northern Tethyan margin during the lower Cretaceous (Barremo-Aptian age) on the Vocontian basin border. They are mostly composed of rudist facies and bioclastic/ooid grainstones. The Urgonian formation of southeastern France can be considered as an analogue for Shu’aiba and Kharaib reservoirs of the Middle East to illustrate and understand the geometries and facies distributions of these reservoirs.
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The Khuff Multi-Dimensional: Results from Outcrop Analogue Studies in Oman
More LessThe Permo-Triassic Khuff platform is a classical epeiric sequence with limited seismic scale reservoir geometries. The thickest ‘pile of grainstones on earth’, as it is referred to by some, shows significant variations in productivity.
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Architecture of a Holocene Carbonate Beach-Bar Complex: Jabal Fuwairit, Northeast Qatar
More LessQatar’s coasts are famous natural laboratories for carbonate research, especially for carbonate coastal spits. These thin, elongated bodies developed from the Holocene onwards along Qatar’s coast. One of these costal spits forms a superbly exposed cliff, the so-called Jabal Fuwairit, which is of Holocene age.
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Geological Modeling with Adaptive Well Log Data Interpretation
Authors Dmitry A. Kozhevnikov, Kazimir Kovalenko and Ivan S. DeshenenkovWide spread application of 3D geological modeling, oil and gas field development practices resulted in substantiation of the necessity for transition from the traditional concept of “absolute pore volume” to the concept of “effective pore volume”. This could be achieved with the geophysical and logging data algorithms interpretation and procedures system directed to the determination of reservoirs dynamic characteristics with high vertical resolution united with principles of adaptability and petrophysical invariance of reservoirs.
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The Adaptive Technique of Hydrocarbon Saturation Determination
Authors Ivan S. Deshenenkov, Dmitry A. Kozhevnikov and Kazimir KovalenkoWe propose the adaptive technique for hydrocarbon saturation determination. Its essence is to configure interpretative algorithms on characteristic values of reservoirs resistivity. Developed petrophysical reservoir model significantly improves accuracy and reliability of the quantitative inverse problem solution.
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The Integration of Gravity, Gravity Gradiometry and Magnetic Datasets into the Exploration Workflow - Ogaden Basin, Ethiopia
Authors Jonathan Watson, David Jackson and Girma Teferahigh resolution gravity gradiometry and magnetic survey was acquired early in 2011, over an area of 30,000 sq.km. The main objectives were to define the basin architecture (depicting basin depth, sub-basins and half-grabens) and to highlight focus areas for the acquisition of new seismic.
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Discriminating Gas Bearing Sands from Shale Using Rock Physics Guided Inversion
Authors Ahmed W. Daghistani, Aiman Bakhorji and Husam Al-MustafaSeismic properties such as compressional and shear wave velocities, bulk density, impedance and Vp/Vs ratio are key elements in seismic reservoir characterization.
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Petroleum System Modeling of the Masila Basin of Eastern Yemen
Authors Mohammed H. Hakimi, Wan H. Abdullah and Mohamed R. ShalabyThe Masila Basin is one of the most productive basins in the Republic of Yemen and located in the Hadramaut region in East Central Yemen. It has long been the site of hydrocarbon exploration but the origin of its hydrocarbons is not fully understood.
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The Jurassic Mafraq Formation: Facies, Stratigraphy and Reservoir Potential in an Outcrop Analog Section (Wadi Sahtan, Oman Mountains, Sultanate of Oman)
Authors Daniel Bendias and Thomas AignerThe lower to middle Jurassic Mafraq Formation is well exposed throughout the Oman Mountains. In the type section of Wadi Sahtan, the Mafraq Formation is 160 m thick and unconformably overlies the Triassic Jilh Formation. Detailed field logging, outcrop Gamma-ray spectroscopy as well as thinsection analyses were carried out, which is currently being followed by a regional study on the Mafraq of the entire Oman Mountains.
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Application of Advanced Volume Interpretation (AVI) Workflows to Improve Data Quality for Iterative Interpretation
More LessThis paper discusses the complete interactive 3D seismic volume interpretation workflow, including choices for 3D attributes and describes a methodology to extract the maximum information from seismic in an integrated visualization and interpretation environment.
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Biofacies and Sedimentology of the Dammam Dome, Saudi Arabia
Authors Geraint W. Hughes, Robert F. Lindsay, David L. Cantrell and Nassir S. NajiThe Dammam Dome forms a significant topographic high on the east flank of the Arabian Peninsula, and consists of exposures of Tertiary sediments. This feature led to oil discovery in Saudi Arabia within the Upper Jurassic Arab Formation, and is attributed to episodic uplift by infra-Cambrian salt, comparable with the Awali Dome of Bahrain. While the Paleocene Umm Er Radhuma Formation is not exposed, the overlying succession is well exposed commencing with the Lower Eocene Rus Formation followed by the Middle Eocene Dammam Formation and then by the Middle Miocene Dam Formation. Despite representing a much thinner succession than is present off-structure, new measured sections reveal additional aspects of depositional cyclicity that, with biofacies, add new insights to the sedimentological and palaeoenvironmental history of the region.
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Biofacies and Palaeoenvironments of the Mishrif Formation in Saudi Arabia
More LessThe Mishrif is the youngest Formation of the Wasia Group, dated on planktonic and benthic foraminiferal evidence as Late Cenomanian, and is encountered only in the subsurface of Saudi Arabia. Three biofacies are evident and have been used to subdivide the formation into four carbonate depositional cycles, of which the shallowest beds are sufficiently porous to provide intra-formational reservoirs.
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Enhanced Structural Imaging Using TTI Reverse Time Migration - A Case Study over the Dhok Sultan Block
More LessWe present a case study for advanced pre-stack depth imaging over the Dhok Sultan block, utilizing anisotropic Reverse Time Migration (TTI RTM) to produce a more reliable structural interpretation compared to legacy processing.
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Fast Beam Migration - An Interactive Depth Imaging Tool
Authors Constantine Tsingas, Iulian Musat, Nick Tanushev and Mihai PopoviciFast Beam Migration (FBM) is a very efficient depth imaging algorithm that can be two to three orders of magnitude faster than current implementations of Kirchhoff migration.
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Full Data Reconstruction of 3-D Wide Azimuth Data Using Sparse Radon Transforms
Authors Constantine Tsingas and Eric VerschuurWhile, historically, the number of seismic recording channels increases by orders of magnitude every 10 years, current 3D Wide Azimuth field acquisition geometries usually have poor spatial sampling in at least one dimension. Most of the demultiple and imaging algorithms, such as reverse time migration, wave equation imaging algorithms and 3D SRME, assume regularly and densely sampled data.
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Quantifying Anisotropy for the Next Generation of Geomechanical Solutions
More LessGeomechanics can make a significant economic impact in tight gas reservoirs both in drilling and stimulation operations. The current generation of geomechanical solutions models the formation assuming it is homogeneous and isotropic (HI). Most formations, especially at the scale of the geomechanical problem, are heterogeneous and anisotropic. While HI models can be calibrated, changes in pore pressure or fracture gradient are interpreted when, in reality, it is only the anisotropy that is changing.
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Geologically Constrained Pre-stack Depth Imaging over the Greater Burgan Oilfield
We present a case study for pre-stack depth imaging over the Greater Burgan oilfield, with an emphasis on the use of geological constraints to provide more accurate and reliable velocity models and seismic images.
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Outcrop Analogs of the Oman Mountains Reveal Reservoir Potential in the Triassic Sudair and Jilh Formations (Middle & Upper Mahil, Sultanate of Oman)
Authors Michael Obermaier and Thomas AignerWhereas the Permian-Triassic Khuff formation is world famous for its hydrocarbon accumulations in the Middle East, the overlying Sudair and Jilh Formations are mostly top seal or baffle units. In contrast, outcrops in the Jabal Akhdar area of the Oman Mountains (where the Sudair and Jilh Formations are referred to as Middle and Upper Mahil members) consist mainly of dolomites with only occasional thin shale intercalations and reveal potential reservoir facies. While the Sudair is dominated by grainy carbonates of a subtidal shoal setting, the overlying Jilh indicates a restricted supratidal marsh to peritidal/lagoon environment.
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Sedimentary Models and Reservoir Architecture of Palaeozoic Glaciogenic Reservoirs: Learnings and Perspectives from the Study of Pleistocene Analogues
Glaciogenic sedimentary successions represent important exploration targets and developing reservoirs in the Paleozoic series both in the Middle East and in North Africa. However, these reservoirs pose a number of challenges primarily related to understand the sedimentary facies distribution hence the predictability of reservoir connectivity and properties.
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Frac'ing the Limits — How Application of Novel Tools and Techniques Helped Stimulate Arabia's Deepest Reservoirs
Authors Andreas Briner, Joe Curtino, Ghaith Hinai, Sultan Mahruqy, Latifa Qobi and Ray ArcherIn 2009 Petroleum Development Oman has started an ambitious deep and tight gas exploration programme exploring for previously untapped reservoirs. The exploration strategy is focusing on both conventional tight gas plays as well as deep unconventional gas resources.
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Stranded Oil - Re-discovering Forgotten Oil in Petroleum Development Oman
More LessPetroleum Development Oman (PDO) has been exploring in Oman for over 50 years and during this time the understanding of the petroleum systems in Oman has increased dramatically. PDO now develops a wide variety of fields including heavy oil and thin pay and is applying a number of EOR mechanisms in field re-developments. This has been made possible not just by our increased understanding, but also by technological advances and the infrastructure that has been built up over the years.
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Risking Stratigraphic Traps: The Need for Additional Risk Factors
More LessProbabilistic assessment of an exploration prospect includes estimation of the prospect’s chance of success, roughly the probability that the prospect will be a discovery. The process of estimating the chance of success is known as “risking.” Prospects are risked by considering the chance that each geologic element required for the accumulation of hydrocarbons is present or adequate. The individual elements are known as risk factors. Traditionally, two risk factors are used to assess the adequacy of the potential trap: structure and seal.
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Hydrocarbon Generation Modeling of the Basrah Oil Fields, Southern Iraq
Authors Thamer K. Al-Ameri, Mohammad S Jafar and Janet PitmanThis paper discusses source rock characterization and the results of one-dimensional petroleum-system modeling of the Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous section underlying prolific Cretaceous and Tertiary reservoirs in oil fields in southern Iraq.
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Overview of 4-D Seismic Feasibility Studies in Oman
Authors Said S. Al-Busaidi and Yahya A. MaskariThe decline in oil production in the matured fields, coupled with the increase in demand for hydrocarbon and the rise of oil prices, drives oil companies to enhance oil production from existing fields. Petroleum Development of Oman (PDO) is currently deploying several different Enhance Oil Recovery (EOR) techniques such as steam/hot water injection, water flood, miscible gas injection and polymer.
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Integrated Reservoir Characterisation in Support of a Challenging Oil-Rim Development - Northern Oman
Authors David Alsop, Matthew Angelatos, Kenneth Newn and See Heng WongField scale reservoir characterisation of the Permo-Carboniferous, glacio-lacustrine Al Khlata Formation and the Permian shallow marine Lower Gharif Formation has been conducted in an attempt to identify mechanisms for unexpected production and drilling results including larger than predicted water-cuts. An interdisciplinary task-force was convened with the specific aim of integrating the depositional and structural framework with reservoir properties and production performance.
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Temperate versus Sub-Tropical Carbonate Reservoirs (Recent and Ancient Examples)
More LessRecent temperate carbonates consist mainly of bryomol or bryoforamol (in Tasmania,and South Australia and New Zealand). Carbonate sand is the dominant size fractions and cementation is very minor. skeletal fragments is dominated by calcite mineralogy.
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A Hybrid Wave Equation Datuming and Kirchhoff PSDM Solution for Accurate Onshore Seismic Imaging
Authors Leon L. Hu, Saleh Saleh, Krzysztof Sliz and Robert E. LeyIn the presence of complex structuring, wave equation migration (WEM) usually produces more accurate subsurface images than the ray-based methods, such as the Kirchhoff migration, but it is also computationally more expensive. Most onshore exploration targets in the Middle East are overlaid by complex geology in the near-surface. This complex near-surface remains one of the biggest challenges in onshore seismic data processing, and if it is not handled properly, poor imaging caused by wavefield distortion can mask the deeper targets.
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Azimuthal PSDM Residual Moveout Volume Scanning for Fracture Detection in a Structurally Complex Environment
Authors Krzysztof K. Sliz and Jianwu JiaoFractured rocks usually provide high permeability pathways for hydrocarbons. Unfortunately, fractures are difficult to image using seismic waves because they are below the typical seismic resolution. The majority of the prestack fracture detection methods, based on P-wave reflection data, use either amplitude variation with angle and azimuth or travel-time changes.
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Shaping the Wavelet
Authors Yuchun E. Wang and Shoudong HuoWavelets have been widely used in seismic data processing and interpretation for different purposes such as deconvolution, well ties and acoustic inversion, and data compression. Wavelet extraction methods roughly fall into two categories: statistical methods that use seismic data only, and deterministic (or semi-deterministic) methods in which well log data is utilized. We propose a new deterministic technique that may be more stable and offers better results than the traditional wavelet extraction methods currently being used.
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A Case Study of Structural Prospect Validation Using Turning Ray Tomography
Authors Robert E. Ley, Joseph McNeely, Adnan Bagshi and Darren BuickThe area presented in this case study is located in the Eastern Province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Karst features within the area contribute to a complex near surface with sinkholes and partially dissolved layers.
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Fluvial and Fluvio-Deltaic Reservoirs of the Upper Carboniferous of NW Europe
Production efficiency from deep Carboniferous gas reservoir is largely controlled by understanding reservoir properties distribution and sand connectivity in a relative low net:gross environment. After more than 50 years of production, this play still mature represents a key target for further exploration and near field appraisal.
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Age, Correlation, Depositional Environments, and Sedimentary History of the Fat’ha Formation (Burdigalian, Lower Miocene) of Iraq
Authors George J. Grabowski and Chengjie LiuThe Fat’ha Formation is a heterolithic unit of evaporites, carbonates, and fine-grained siliciclastics that is the topseal for the Kirkuk Group. It is equivalent to the Lower Fars Formation in Syria and the Gachsaran Formation in Iran. It is thickest in the Zagros Foldbelt and adjacent eastern parts of the Mesopotamian Basin and thin to the SW.
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Multiple Layer Modeling of the Near-Surface to Calculate Static Corrections
Authors Ralph M. Bridle and Abdulaziz Al-SaadBuilding of a multiple layer model starts with the interpretation of uphole survey. Based on these interpretations an initial model is built for each 2D line. After gridding of these 2D velocity models, a contour map of the average velocity is created. Given the thickness from surface to datum, the static correction for any X/Y location within the map is calculated.
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Unravelling the Complexities of the Western Deformation Zone in South Oman: An Integrated Geophysical Study
Authors Bill Wilks, Tim Johnson, Wafa Salmi, Talal Busaidi and James McilroyThe Ara stringers of the South Oman Salt Basin (SOSB) have long been a key exploration target for Petroleum Development Oman (PDO). Within the main body of the salt basin external tectonic forces have exerted a relatively subtle influence on early basin development, such that deep-rooted high relief traps are rare. Towards the west, however, all things change.
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Geological Controls on Waterflood Performance, an Example from a Field in South Oman
Authors Andrew Faulkner, Mohammed R. Shaikh, Yousuf Busaid and Mohamed AfifiThe AB field located in south Oman is a north south elongate feature consisting of four structural crests and produces from the Permo-Carboniferous Al Khlata and Gharif Formations and Mesozoic Clastics. The Gharif formation is currently under waterflood development.
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Thermal Maturity of Source and Reservoirs Rocks and Crude Oils of Bangestan and Khami Reservoirs of Dezful Embayment in Marun Oil Field, Iran
Authors Elham Asadi Mehmandosti and Mohammad H. AdabiMarun oil field (asymmetrical anticline with a general trend of NW to SE) is one of the main oil fields in Dezful Embayment area, Zagros, Iran, which is studied geochemically in this research. Twenty three extracted rock samples from different source and reservoir formations (Cretaceous-Tertiary in age, Garau, Gadvan, Dariyan, Kazhdumi, Sarvak, Gurpi and Pabdeh formations) and 6 crude oils from Bangestan and Khami reservoir were studied for organic geochemistry and biomarker investigation.
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Investigation of Key Jurassic Unconformity and Hiatus Signatures in Saudi Arabia Using Seismic Chronostratigraphy and Wheeler Techniques
The Jurassic period worldwide is defined by regional sea-level changes punctuated by major transgressions and regressions. These events have created major stratigraphic sequences throughout the world and resulted in the deposition of key reservoirs, source rocks, and seals throughout this stratigraphic interval. On the Arabian Platform, the Jurassic sequences are prolific and contain significant oil and gas accumulations. Additional hydrocarbon potential may exist based on a more detailed understanding of the stratigraphic gaps/hiatus events, and their impact on the redistribution of reservoir rocks, the maturation of the source rocks and the hydrocarbon migration.
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