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Engineering and Mining Geophysics 2021
- Conference date: April 26-30, 2021
- Location: Online
- Published: 26 April 2021
141 - 160 of 184 results
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Fundamentals of Rational Integration of Geophysics Methods to Improve Their Geological Efficiency in Forecasting, Prospecting and Further Study of Polymetal Deposits in Central Kazakhstan
Authors D.T. Zeinedinov, N.B. Zhonys and G.K. UmirovaSummaryThe report analyzes the effectiveness of geophysical research based on a priori and up-to-date data on the deposits of Central Kazakhstan. The study of the physical and geological prerequisites for the study of the research area by ground-based geophysics methods will make it possible to increase the geological efficiency of geophysical research in forecasting, prospecting and further study of mineral deposits based on the rational integration of field observation methods and the use of modern computer interpretation technologies.
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The Use of ERT to Identity Irrigatation Patterns and Efficiency in Potato Fields
Authors T. Manhaeghe, F. Wagner, T. Astic, D. Fournier, P. Janssens and S. GarreSummaryPotatoes often need irrigation during dry summer weeks, because of their shallow root system, high water needs, and drought sensitivity. Lack of water at crucial moments can result in low tuber yield and loss of tuber quality. Farmers typically adopt a ridge-furrow plant system in which the fate of rain and irrigation water is not well known. As the incoming water is partitioned by plant leaves and by the microtopography itself, the boundary conditions for hydrological modelling (i.e. spatial distribution of incoming water fluxes) for agricultural decision-making are uncertain. There is a need to develop a better understanding of water and nutrient fluxes, especially under irrigated conditions. Non-invasive imaging techniques, such as electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) are increasingly used in the agricultural context to characterize soil moisture dynamics. Nevertheless, non-uniqueness of the inversion, and errors induced by uncertainties related to the measurement process, still weigh on the application of ERT to high-resolution agricultural problems. In this paper, we explore the artefacts we can expect originating from uncertainties during the ERT measurement process using a virtual experiment. We then show the results of a monitoring experiment performed in a potato field in 2018. Although some artefacts are to be expected from microtopography uncertainty in potato ridge-furrow systems, timelapse ERT monitoring remains a valuable tool to reveal infiltration and soil redistribution patterns after irrigation events. As inversion artefacts due to microtopography uncertainty typically occur in places where we also expect to see rapid soil moisture changes, due to root water uptake, an assessment of the changes of microtopography over the course of the experiment is required to reach reliable and quantitative tomograms. Nevertheless, ERT is a very promising tool to better understand spatio-temporal water dynamics in irrigated potato furrow-ridge plant systems, especially when looking at time-lapse differences during infiltration or water uptake processes and in cases of minor to moderate erosion of the ridges.
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Integrating Ground-Penetrating Radar and Morphological Analysis to Study The Giant Gravel Dunes
Authors S.S. Bricheva, T.V. Gonikov, M.M. Doroshenkov, V.M. Matasov, A.L. Entin, E.V. Deev and A.V. PaninSummaryThe origin of the giant ripple in the Kuray Basin (Altai Republic) is still debatable, and understanding of the process that formed it has not yet been achieved. According to one of the assumptions, it was formed due to the descent of an ice-dammed lake, filled the basin in the Late Pleistocene. It can be clarified by analysing the morphology of the dune field and the internal structure of the individual dunes. We examined the characteristics of all dunes’ morphology from digital elevation models and high-resolution imagery. For the internal stratigraphy of a large number of dunes, we used GPR. We crossed 50 dunes in different parts of the basin with GPR profiles and evaluated several internal structure parameters. A set of parameters, both external and internal, was used for dune classification. By examining the characteristics of the dunes’ morphology and the internal sedimentary structure, we found that giant ripples in the Kuray basin more correspond to the water mechanism of formation rather than aeolian and glacial; the flow velocity varied in different parts of the Kuray Basin, increasing to the north; there is a high probability that the flow has changed direction.
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Normative and Methodological Basement of Offshore Engineering-Geological Survey, Recent Statement
Authors A.S. Loktev, A.E. Rybalko, D.V. Korost and M.J. TokarevSummaryEngineering-geological survey are regulated by various normative documents and standards. The system consists of regulations, technical rules, standards and even federal laws. Code of Practice SP 47.13330.2016, SP 446.1325800.2019, SP 11-114-2004 are basic documents for the implementation of the survey and regulate scope of them. Currently the system is under update and can include Russian and modernized international guidelines and rules. Additionally, to basic regulations (SP 47.13330.2016, SP 446.1325800.2019) new Code of Practice “Engineering survey for constructions of the continental shelf” is developed and to be issued in 2021. But the Code covers general principals and requirements and not detail. The survey regulations should follow updating of methods and technologies to provide trustful and reliable data and information for offshore constructing. It is good practice to use the best domestic and international experience for proper and effective regulation of soil survey and engineering geophysical investigation in particular. For instance, ISO standards are used and planned to be used to develop normative basement for offshore geological investigation and reconstruction (ISO 19901-8 Marine soil investigations, FDIS 19901-10 Marine geophysical investigations).
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Overview of Dangerous Geological and Geomorphological Objects in The Arctic Ocean
Authors A.A. Sipko, L.V. Miles and A.A. ShmatkovSummaryIn 2020, as part of the expeditions under the program for determination of the outer limit of the continental shelf of Russian Federation, were carried out special survey with using MBES, SBP and other techniques. This article discusses the results of the joint interpretation of MBES and SBP data. The purpose of the joint interpretation is to identify distribution of geological and geomorphological objects that pose a threat to various types of economic activity. The authors identified several groups of objects assigned to various categories of geohazards. In a generalized identification of dangerous objects the most important indicators were the relative speed of development and the severity in the relief of objects. The diagram of shallow geohazards distribution in the central part of the Arctic Ocean clearly shows the dependence of their location to large structural forms, such as oceanic ridges and basins. The authors concluded that within the Arctic Ocean basin, there are several categories of dangerous geological and geomorphological objects. All objects identified in the upper part of the section have a subordinate character of distribution and are confined to large structures of the ocean floor.
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Geophysical Methods for Solving a Wide Range of Geoecology Problems in The Seas and Large Lakes
SummaryGeoecological marine research is now widespread and carried out in various forms. Along with classical regional studies, the most common forms: geoecological sampling of bottom sediments, water within the framework of engineering and environmental surveys, geoecological monitoring. State monitoring is currently conducted by the Federal State Budgetary Institution VNIIOkeangeologiya (Far East), VSEGEI (Baltic, White and Barents Seas) and JSC Yuzhmorgeologiya, JSC Rosgeologia (Black, Azov and Caspian Seas). In addition, geoecological studies are partially carried out by Roshydromet subdivisions in terms of determining the pollution of bottom sediments. The range of tasks solved in these works is very wide and varied. The most mobile and, at the same time, informative methods for studying hazardous geological processes in water areas are geophysical methods. Moreover, with the development of both the geoecological direction itself and the instrumental base of measurements, geophysical methods are becoming increasingly important for solving a wide range of problems in the geoecology of seas and large lakes. This report examines examples of the use of geophysical methods in geoecology and discusses the possibilities of expanding the application of these methods for solving specific geoecological problems
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Geophysical and Geocryological Investigation of Active Layer Along The North Russian Railway (Khanovey, Russia).
Authors M. Rossi, M. Dal Cin, S. Picotti, D. Gei, V. Isaev, A. Pogorelov, E. Gorshkov, D. Sergeev, P. Kotov and M.L. RainoneSummaryWe present a geophysical and geocryological study of permafrost distribution and active layer thickness (ALT) in the Arctic area of Khanovey (Komi Republic, Russia). The area is crossed by a 1.5 km transect of the North Russian Railway that is experiencing serious instabilities caused by subsidence, with vertical deformations up to 2.5 cm/year. This is due to thawing permafrost, a consequence of global warming, whose effects depend on local factors, as vegetation, soil properties and land-use. We performed geocryological surveys including vegetation analysis and underground temperature measurements, together with the less invasive geoelectrical investigation. Results show landscape heterogeneity and an average resistivity of the active layer of about 80 m, while the underlying permafrost shows resistivity values higher than 200 Ωm. Due to the absence of insulating vegetation, low resistivity (<80 m) permanent unfrozen ground (i.e. talik and thermokarst lakes) occurs close to the railroad. In the study area, ALT values range between 0.5 m and 7 m. These detailed information on specific spatial variation in cryological conditions are fundamental to address the design of engineering solutions to ensure structural stability of the railway, such as maintenance of the thermal balance of the ground.
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Development of Simulative Physical-Geological Models of The Near-Surface to Mitigate Offhore Driiling Risks
Authors A.S. Pirogovа, N.V. Dubinya, A.V. Vershinin and S.A. TikhotskySummaryThe paper presents a methodology for building simulative physical-geological models of the near-surface based on the results of high-resolution seismic data interpretation. The main purpose of creating such simulative models is to quantify possible complications during offshore well drilling. In the future, the simulative models can be used to calculate synthetic seismic wavefields and train machine learning algorithms, including neural networks, aimed at identifying and assessing geological risks from seismic data.
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Ground-Penetrating Radar for Solving Problems of Soil Science: State of the Art and Prospects
More LessSummaryGround-Penetrating Radar for Solving Problems of Soil Science: State of The Art and Prospects
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Geophysical Monitoring of Natural and Engineered Slopes: Towards Improved Early Warning of Landslides
By J. ChambersSummaryHere we describe the development of geoelectrical monitoring approaches and their contribution to the landslide early warning systems. Our focus is site (or local) scale monitoring of moisture driven slope failure in soft rock environments.
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Migration Routes of Matter From The Tailing Dump: Electrotomography and Geochemical Sampling Data
Authors S. Grakhova, N. Yurkevich, D. Kucher and A. EdelevSummaryIn the broad problem of the negative impact of the mining and processing industry waste on the environment, researchers pay special attention to the distribution, behavior, patterns of transport and deposition of arsenic as a particularly dangerous element with a high migration ability. The abstracts describe the behavior of the main pollutants on the maps of the Khovu-Aksy burial site. In the stored waste of hydrometallurgical processing of arsenide Cu-Ni-Co-ores over the years of storage, a zoning was formed, determined by the distribution of watered layers, lenses and areas in the subsurface space. Pore waters are represented by highly mineralized solutions, in which the arsenic content reaches 7.7 mg/l. The geoelectric parameters of the substance are consistent with its geochemical composition, namely, the level of mineralization of pore solutions. Geoelectric sections indicate the presence of leaks deeper than the protective layer, and the ingress of toxic solutions into groundwater. The calculation of the metals amount and metalloids in solid matter and pore water, showed the existence of a high risk of the spread of arsenic in mobile forms large amounts in the event of extreme weather conditions and the spread of the substance outside the storage facilities.
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Processing and Interpretation of Marine Electrical Survey Data
Authors M.V. Abramov, G.M. Trigubovich and A.S. SverkunovSummaryFor marine engineering research the electrical surveying method can be effectively applied. The most technological source for making measurements in motion is a grounded horizontal electric line. It is known that even in a one-dimensional medium the field of the electric line is three-dimensional, so for the signals interpretation in practice a special mathematical method for modeling of the characteristics of the electromagnetic field is needed. It allows to solve this problem with sufficient accuracy and speed of calculations and then to use this method in the algorithm of interpreting practical signals.
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Determination of Tree Trunks Different Species Moisture Content by Ground Penetrating Radar Tomography
Authors M.S. Sudakova, E.B. Terentieva and A. Yu. KalashnikovSummaryNon-destructive Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) technique can provide a diagnostic tool for assessing the moisture content of live tree trunks based on internal dielectric permittivity distribution. In the current work we discuss the GPR tomography as a powerful tool of imaging the interval structure of a healthy tree and producing quantitative estimation of moisture content (MC) based on distribution of dielectric permittivity, directly related to MC. The measurement described in the work were made on the trunks of live trees of different species in different visible health status, even with rot inside. The results of suggested approach were assessed by resistography. Different parts of the trunk (bark, core, sapwood), as well as healthy and affected areas differ in moisture content, so the GPR tomography allows identifying both the structure of the trunk of a healthy tree, and the presence and dimensions of defects.
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Effect of a Delay in Turning Off a Transmitter Loop Current on The Inductive Transient Response
Authors M.V. Sharlov, N.O. Kozhevnikov and T.N. PestyurinSummaryWe present and discuss transient electromagnetic response measured with central-loop and loop-loop arrays depending on the place where a pulse current source is connected to the transmitter loop. The survey was carried out in winter from ice covering the water of Lake Baikal. We show that at early times the delay in turning off the transmitter loop current affects transient voltage induced in outer receiving loops and, thus, results of the near-surface studies with the transient electromagnetic method.
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GPR Survey of Storegga Tsunami Deposits, Shetland Islands UK, and Geohazard Discussion
Authors C. Bristow and L. BuckSummaryGPR is used to investigate a tsunamigenic sand layer within peat deposits on the Shetland islands. The tsunami sand is associated with the Storegga slide that occurred off the coast of Norway around 8,150 cal yr BP. The ground-penetrating radar (GPR) used in this study includes 100, 200 and 500 MHz antennas. The 100 and 200 MHz image the sand layer as well as underlying peat and glacial deposits while the 500 MHz antennas image the sand layer but not the underlying layers along most of the GPR profile. Interpretation of the GPR profile indicates localised erosion of the tsunami sand layer and multiple hypotheses for this erosion including anthropogenic activity, stream erosion, tsunami erosion and peat slumping are considered. In addition, we discuss the potential threat to infrastructure should such an event occur on the Shetland Islands today.
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Systematization of Methodological Aspects for Monitoring The Technical Condition of The Well Stock Using Remotely Controlled Unmanned Underwater Vehicles
More LessSummaryDevelopment of hydrocarbon deposits on the offshore territory is an important and relevant direction of the Oil & Gas industry. Many wells of various types have been drilled in the Russian waters. In this regard, one of the most urgent tasks is to study the state of canned or abandoned wells, aimed at ensuring industrial safety, the protection of the subsoil and the environment. In accordance with the requirements of license obligations and regulatory documents of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to monitor the state of liquidated and canned exploratory wells in order to obtain the information on the presence or absence of hydrocarbon leaks from the wells and extraneous objects, as well as to assess the background level of the environment state in the area of the wells orifices. The methodology and the main results of the survey of the orifices of wells includes complex of underwater technical works a visual inspection of the seabed using a remotely operated underwater vehicle. It is noted that the use of the technologies of underwater survey of wells allows us to effectively solve the tasks to prevent and minimize the consequences of possible natural and man-made disasters.
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Possibility of Geotechnical Monitoring of Geohazards with The Use of Crosshole Seismic Tomography (CST)
Authors M.V. Aleshkin, Yu.B. Ashmarina, M.R. Sadurtdinov, A.I. Konkov, A.N. Oshkin, V.V. Mershchiy and V.I. IgnatevSummaryThe development of geohazards may be caused by both construction effects or operation of a structure on the subsoil (industrial intensification), and variations in the temperature, hydrogeological, tectonic and other characteristics of the ground under the influence of natural factors. The geohazards activation often has a negative impact on the condition of structures, ecosystems and leads to emergency situations, often carrying a risk to human life. Geohazards monitoring allows to make timely forecasts, to prevent accidents or minimize their damage. In this paper, we investigate the possibilities and feasibility of using crosshole seismic tomography (CST) [1–3] to monitor the condition of the subsurface. The applicability of the method is considered through numerical kinematic and full-wave modelling of seismic wave fields followed by reconstruction of the velocity sections. This study analyses several geological situations with the development of karst, suffusion, and permafrost thawing. The paper also evaluates the CST method resolution and shows its dependence on the frequency of borehole source signal.
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Clustering Technique for Identifying Types of Seismic Wave Patterns in Order to Automatically Detect and Predict Anomalies in The Upper Part of The Section
Authors N.D Arkhipov, J.E. Terekhina, A.A. Penkin and S.V. GorbachevSummaryRecently, there has been a tendency to accumulate an increasing amount of geophysical information. Data processing and interpretation require more resources accordingly. Under these circumstances, any organization strives to automate the maximum number of available processes. One of the algorithms that сan be used to automate the process of data interpretation is the clustering of wave packets. A prerequisite for such a division is the fact that different types of wave patterns correspond to different geological objects. If the reflections can be visually divided into clusters, then there are algorithmic solutions that can use statistical descriptions of seismic waves to divide them into classes with similar properties. In this study, a technique for clustering seismic data was proposed, and the effectiveness of clustering as one of the methods of automatic analysis was shown. This approach makes it possible to automate the process of detecting anomalies in the seismic field, which is an important task when assessing the possibilities of setting up drilling rigs on the study area.
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MASW Application for Near-Surface Site Characterization of 2D/3D OBN Seismic Survey on Pechora Sea Shelf
Authors S.A. Vakulenko, A.I. Ponimaskin, M.Y. Tokarev, S.V. Gorbachev and L.A. GurvichSummaryModern methods of seismic studies can significantly expand the amount of extracted information about the geological and geophysical structure of the studied areas. At the same time, an important feature of modern work is the introduction of various methods and technologies, the use of which has not been carried out on a production scale before. Using the example of 3D survey data with two-component bottom equipment on the shelf of the Pechora Sea ( Terekhina et al. 2021 ), the reconciliation of the surface wave analysis technology (MASW - multichannel analysis of surface waves) will be presented to solve engineering-geological problems ( Loktev et al. 2017 ), and estimate the shear wave velocities Vs of the upper part of the geological section.
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Optimization of Aero-TEM Application on The Example of V.GRIB Kimberlite Pipe
Authors I.I. Ivanova, G.M. Trigubovich, A.V. Chernyshov and A.V. KuklinSummaryWhen searching for and parameterizing solid minerals, the effectiveness of using geophysical methods directly depends on a number of parameters of the AeroTEM exploration system equipment and measurement method. An important place is occupied by their adjustment in the overall set of activities aimed at ensuring the required indicators of quality and reliability of measurements. The paper analyzes the aerogeophysical equipment "Impulse A7" parameter settings. Variable parameters include the characteristics of the inductor (duration of the current cut-off front) and the characteristics of the receiving devices (resonant frequency).
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