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15th EAGE International Conference on Geoinformatics - Theoretical and Applied Aspects
- Conference date: May 10-13, 2016
- Location: Kiev, Ukraine
- Published: 10 May 2016
94 results
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Role of geoinformation in decision making in the complicated conditions of well drilling
Authors H. Guliyev, G. Afandiyev, A. Kadymov, T. Makhmudov, I. Guliyev and G. HasanovaSummaryThe possibility of estimation and forecasting of trouble intervals (intervals with AHPR, absorption zones) is considered in drilling process on the basis of data obtained as a result of geological and technological explorations. Methods are proposed to estimate the density of drilling fluid, gravity degree of drilling fluid absorption in the complicated conditions. An expression was obtained to calculate the density of drilling fluid. Linguistic rules were also formulated based on fuzzy cluster analysis. Gravity degree of absorption depending on petrophysical characteristics was estimated. Two approaches - statistical and fuzzy were proposed for predictive estimate of gravity degree of absorption depending on the character of input data.
Statistical estimation is performed on value of the absorption coefficient.
In case of lack of information or its insufficiency, the method based on fuzzy cluster analysis is proposed. Five classes were obtained, each of which is characterized by relative gravity of absorption, the corresponding characteristics of layers and the intensity of absorption on the basis of which linguistic rules were compiled for qualitative estimation of absorption degree depending on petrophysical characteristics according to principle ‘if…, so…”.
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The field of atmospheric electricity and the geological structure of the Earth
By M. YakymchukSummaryThis paper present in the theses style the information about the main results of scientific research, obtained by the author recently. A model of the structure of Earth and atmosphere electric field is analyzed. It is specified the interdependence between electrical charge, temperature and pressure, which makes it possible to explain many phenomena, which we observe in nature. The geophysical complex, built on this model basis, finds its application during the hydrocarbons and other minerals prospecting.
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Application of direct-prospecting geophysical method for hydrocarbon potential assessment of large prospecting blocks in Arctic
Authors S. Levashov, N. Yakymchuk, I. Korchagin, D. Bozhezha and V. PrylukovSummaryThe authors continued testing the frequency-resonance method of remote sensing (RS) data processing and interpretation in the Arctic region. In 2014, for hydrocarbon accumulations prospecting the satellite images were processed over four major blocks in the Norwegian part of the former “gray” zone of the Barents Sea and over a large area in the Kara Sea.
In the Barents Sea the RS data were processed within four search sites covering 39742 km2. Area of 3D seismic work within them is 13956 km2. Two anomalous zones of the “gas deposit” type and 13 anomalous zones of “gas+condensate reservoir” type with total area of 1613 km2 were detected and mapped within investigated areas. Relative to total surveyed area (39742 km2) it is 4.06 %.
In area of Universitetskaya-1drilled well locations in Kara Sea the RS data were processed over block of 4150 km2. Four anomalous zones of “oil+gas+condensate» type and two anomalous zones of “oil+gas» type were found and mapped within survey sites. The total area of all anomalies is 510 km2. With respect to the area of the surveyed block this is 12.29%. Within the surveyed block in the Kara Sea the total area of all detected anomalies is significantly larger than those in the Barents Sea.
The received results show the principal possibility of remote sensing, seismic and geoelectric methods integrated application for hydrocarbon accumulations prospecting and exploration within offshore. The direct technology of frequency-resonance processing of RS data allow to investigate operatively in reconnaissance character the most promising areas in the Arctic region for the detection of giant and unique HC fields. This may significantly speed up the development of the oil and gas potential of Arctic region.
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On possibility the values of fluid pressure in reservoirs using for the oil-and-gas prospects assessing within deep horizons of cross-section
Authors S. Levashov, N. Yakymchuk, I. Korchagin, D. Bozhezha and V. PrylukovSummaryThe results of petroleum prospects assessment of the deep horizons of cross-section within some structures and oil and gas fields, as well as local sites for deep wells drilling in the Dnieper-Donets (DDB) and Caspian depression are analyzed. A survey of these areas were carried out with a frequency-resonance technology of satellite images processing using for “direct” searching and prospecting of hydrocarbons (HC) accumulations. The investigation results are given by maps of maximum values of fluid pressure in the reservoir. This is, in fact, a complex parameter, whose value depends of the gas pressure, contained in the fluid or in free form in the reservoir, as well as of its amount, i.e. of the rock porosity. The maps, constructed by the results of prospective structures investigation, are compared with similar maps on the known hydrocarbon deposits. Maps of maximum values of reservoir pressure can significantly narrow down the area of detailed prospecting work of priority character conducted and of prospecting wells location. Taking into account the hydrostatic principle such maps give the opportunity to shape the preliminary assumptions on the depth of hydrocarbon deposits location. The absence within the contours of detected anomalous zones of the “hydrocarbon deposits” type of sites with higher values of fluid pressure in reservoir allow avoids such areas (anomalies) from the list of objects that deserve priority detailed study and drilling. The conducted studies allow to conclude that the results of satellite imagery decoding - this is new information with the “direct hydrocarbon indicators”, which can be useful and in demand at any stage of the exploration process for oil and gas.
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Operative assessment of hydrocarbon potential of prospecting block in the region of Marcellus shale spreading by the frequency-resonance method of remote sensing data processing and interpretation
Authors S. Levashov, N. Yakymchuk, I. Korchagin, D. Bozhezha and V. PrylukovSummaryThe possibility of mobile technology of frequency-resonance processing and interpretation of remote sensing data using for the local areas with increased hydrocarbon (HC) (oil, gas and gas condensate) concentrations detection and mapping within the shale spreading is analyzed. This technology is the “direct” method for oil and gas prospecting and exploration. Experimental studies were conducted in local area of Marcellus shale spreading. The anomalous zones of the “reservoir of gas” (“gas, oil”) type were detected and mapped within the surveyed block. Parameters of many anomalous zones (areas and maximum estimates of fluid pressure in the reservoirs) allow us to classify them as promising objects, the probability of commercial HC inflows from which is relatively high. The observed anomalies should be considered as priority local areas for detailed study by geophysical methods and drilling. This is essentially the “Sweet spots” zones. The received estimates of maximum values of reservoir pressure within the observed anomalous zones vary in a fairly wide range. This indicates that the projected productive horizons can be located both above and below the shale complexes. Therefore, the practically all (available for drilling) interval of the cross-section should be studied, when for the hydrocarbon accumulations prospecting within areas of shale spreading. Anomalous zones with very low values of fluid pressure in the reservoirs should not be considered as priority targets for detailed study. The development of the surveyed area starting from detected anomalous zones will allow significantly reduce the harmful effects on the environment. The tested mobile technology allows detecting and mapping operatively the “Sweet spots” zones within the shale and other unconventional reservoirs spreading.
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Application of frequency-resonance method of remote sensing data processing for ore mineral prospecting in different regions of the world
Authors S. Levashov, N. Yakymchuk, I. Korchagin, D. Bozhezha and M. PetranovskayaSummaryThe results of experimental testing of mobile and operative technology of the remote sensing (RS) data frequency-resonance processing and interpretation (decoding) for “direct” searches of the various types minerals on the ore deposits and prospective areas are analyzed. Exploratory studies were conducted with this technology application within ore bearing areas in the Republic of Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Cameroon, Sudan and Canada. It is shown that for the small objects (lodes) detection and mapping the remote sensing data processing should be carried in a large scale – 1:2000 and larger. As a result of the geological survey of some revealed in 2014 anomalous zones with the help of trenches (pits) and drilling within investigated areas in Madagascar, Sudan and Guyana the rocks with gold mineralization were discovered. This technology inclusion in the traditional complex of exploratory geological and geophysical methods will contribute both to minimize the financial cost for the particular exploration problem solving and to reduce significantly the time to implement them. Detection within the mapped anomalies in different regions of the gold-bearing rocks (with a high gold content in the rocks, including) is a fundamentally important evidence of efficiency of the frequency-resonance principle of remote sensing data processing and interpretation.
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Central Basin of the Bransfield Strait: magnetic anomalies and the formation stages of the Antarctic Peninsula continental margin structures
Authors V.D. Soloviev, I. Korchagin, S. Levashov, N. Yakymchuk and D. BozhezhaSummaryIt is shown that the Central Bransfield Basin magnetic anomalies sources were connected with the neovolcanic zone development processes. Age of linear magnetic anomalies may reflect the cooling time of plateau basalts which formed in a result of periodic thermal regime change processes in the upper mantle. The powerful tectonic movements of border structures had a great influence too. The deep geoelectric boundaries and large mantle heterogeneities distribution in different segments of the Drake Passage can be interpreted as large-scale processes of formation and deep transformation of the primary crust fragments under the influence of sufficiently large diapirs of partially molten rocks.
A possible mechanism was proposed for the evolution of the Antarctic Peninsula continental margin structures and the Bransfield Strait in result of moving the mantle plume to the upper layers of lithosphere and young rift system formation under the trough axis in the Central Bransfield basin. New data give additional information for better understanding the evolution stages of structures at this region.
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Studying of deep layers of the geological medium on the basis of data of seismic exploration and seismology
Authors H. Guliyev, K. Aghayev, T. Volkov and G. HasanovaSummaryThe deep layers of the geological medium are studied on the basis of joint processing and interpretation of data of seismic exploration and seismology. Data on earthquakes were processed, velocity models of the medium were defined on velocities of pressure and shear waves. The value of the velocity of propagation of pressure waves was adjusted on seismic profile on data of seismology. According to the clarified results, sections of Poisson’s ratio were calculated on regional seismic profiles in the South Caspian Basin.
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On applying magnetic method for soil pollution monitoring in Zaporizhzhya
More LessSummaryThe paper is devoted to the study of magnetic properties and contents of heavy metals in soils from Zaporizhzhya - a powerful industrial center. The low-frequency magnetic susceptibility (Xlf) of soils varies within the range 61… 4087×10−8 m3/kg with a median value 271×10−8 m3/kg, and the frequency dependence of magnetic susceptibility Kfd is 0…13 3% with a median value 2,0 %. The low Xlf and high Kfd values inherent to natural soils are observed on the right-bank western part of the city, and low values Kfd <2% and Xlf >10−5 m3/kg are observed in the main industrial zone where steel-mills are situated.
Statistically significant correlation between magnetic parameters and heavy metals contents are found. Magnetic methods can be recommended for monitoring of soil contamination degree in the city of Zaporizhzhya.
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Integration between the remote sensing of the Earth data and geological-geophysical studies for polymetallic ore prospecting
Authors A. Bunina, O. Azimov, S. Stankevich, Y. Dorofey and V. ChepurnoySummaryThe model for automated integration and complex interpretation of remote sensed and geological-geophysical data to evaluate territories ore prospectivity is offered. The integration possibility is demonstrated over the Novotroitska area of the South-Donbas near-fault volcanotectonic depression. The spatial distribution of polymetals prognostic content within the study area is obtained.
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The results of seismic observations in the central part of the Ukrainian shield in 2007–2013
Authors V. Omelchenko, A. Kendzera and V. KuchmaSummaryThe results of the analysis of seismic events recorded in the Ukrainian Shield from 2007 to 2013 are presented. The comparison of seismic activity with the deep structure of the Earth’s crust and tectonic features of the region was accomplished.
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Regularized methods for solving nonlinear inverse gravity problem
Authors E. Akimova, V. Misilov and A. TretyakovSummaryRegularized variants of conjugate gradient and componentwise gradient methods for solving the three-dimensional nonlinear inverse gravity problem of finding the density interface were constructed. The algorithms were parallelized and implemented for multicore processors and GPUs. The model problem with noised synthetic data was solved. The comparison of the proposed methods and the local corrections method in terms of iteration number, execution time and error of the solution was carried out.
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Information products of remote sensing of Earth from space, as the basis of the Ukrainian National Internet-center monitoring and analysis of data for agriculture
Authors B. Busygin, I. Garkusha and K. SergieievaSummaryTo systematize domestic and foreign experience of usage of space remote sensing data, transformation methods for different-level and different-time datasets and program tools for their processing to creation of the National Internet-center of monitoring and analysis of data for solving, among others, the problems of crops productivity forecasting in Ukraine. The review of world achievements in the field of diverse space surveys using for grain agriculture problems solving is accomplished. The main questions related to identification and inventory of agricultural grounds for control of crops condition, definition of soils structure, quality and timeliness of various agricultural procedures controlling, dynamics of development of crops supervision and productivity forecasting are cover. The main requirements are formulated and necessary components for creation of architecture of information, methodical and program implementation of the Ukrainian Internet-center for monitoring and the analysis of space remote sensing data for grain agriculture problems solving are defined. The results received can be used for preparation and implementation of main stages of Ukrainian Internet-center creation for agricultural areas monitoring.
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GEANT4 like computational tool of nuclear geophysics
Authors V. Belokhin and A. ZhemchugovSummaryNuclear geophysical methods are considered to be the most informative and important for monitoring oil and gas fields. Traditionally for their development statistical calculations by Monte Carlo method are used, which allows from one side to reduce natural modeling, and from the other side to obtain parameters fundamentally not achievable by direct measurement, for example, the basic gamma spectra. This technique, though quite expensive in terms of computing resources is both versatile to accommodate a variety of physical processes and to modeling facilities with complex geometries and elemental composition. There are several multi-purpose software packages for the simulation of nuclear processes in the material, among which are the MCNP, FLUKA and GEANT4.
For the nuclear logging methods simulation authors have chosen the GEANT4 package - a multipurpose program complex with open-source software, which has the required functionality. GEANT4 package has been developed at CERN to simulate the physical processes taking place during the passage of elementary particles through matter.
The paper describes the experience of GEANT4 use to simulate the main nuclear-geophysical methods: gamma spectrometry logging, neutron-neutron and pulsed neutron-gamma spectrometry logging.
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Modelling of groundwater level surface as indicator of radiation safety area
Authors O. Scherbak, T. Koshliakova, V. Dolin jun., I. Rudenko and Y. KutskaSummaryThe spatial-temporal dynamics of the upper Quaternary - upper Eocene groundwater complex hydrodynamic regime in the influence zone of Kyiv subsurface radioactive waste storage was analyzed by using of geoinformatical research methods. The presence of groundwater level downtrend and hydroizohypses spatial configuration changes were determined. Based on the results obtained by using statistical analysis the conclusion was made about the low reliability of the provision of groundwater level monitoring data.
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Finite-difference kinematic migration as one of the ways of obtaining information about seismic boundaries and seismic velocities in geological environment
Authors O. Pylypenko, O. Verpakhovska and V. PylypenkoSummaryMigration is divided into kinematic and dynamic. Dynamic migration allows you to show the internal structure of geological environment with all its features as the dynamic parameters of the observed wave field. The kinematic migration gives information about the seismic boundaries and seismic velocity. The result of kinematic migration can be further used to realize the dynamic migration.
The kinematic migration is based on a downward continuation of the time field of a direct and reversed travel-times that is realized by solving the eikonal equation on a special type of grid with finite- difference method. At the same time kinematic migration can be used travel-time curves of the reflected and refracted waves. The report focuses on the subject of obtaining information about the seismic boundaries and seismic velocity in the geological environment using the finite-difference kinematic migration.
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Relation of lineaments network features and distribution of ore objects by the example of the East African Rift area
Authors B. Busygin and S. NikulinSummaryThe technique and results of studying of spatial interrelation between characteristics of satellite images lineaments network and localization of vein type ore objects on the example of East African rift valley area (within Democratic Republic of the Congo territory) is given in the paper.
On the studied area prevail lineaments with azimuths of 0, 45, 90 and 135 degrees which are found everywhere on Earth and form some “normal” global network related with processes of planetary level. In paper it is shown that the perspective scope of an inquiry is studying of deformations of “normal” network which are connected with local geological processes. In particular, it demonstrated that there is a relationship between the localization of ore deposits and the high concentration of lineament deformations, for example, their breaks and turns.
The received results confirm existence of relationship between a structure of lineaments network and the known deposits, making it possible to use lineament analysis data for ore objects forecasting.
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Investigation kerogen types according to pyrolysis of samples (for example, the Dnieper-Donets basin)
Authors Y. Zelenko, O. Dziuba and O. KarpenkoSummaryThe analysis of 60 samples of kerogen based on statistical data processing pyrolytic parameters (pH and temperature index maximum output of hydrocarbons in the cracking kerogen) is conducted. The paper studies kerogen types and nature of saturation of productive strata by the method of benchmarking and comparisons.
The results of data processing obtained by pyrolysis «Rock-Eval» rock samples from wells of different parts of the Dnieper-Donets basin. The research allowed to evaluate the spatial distribution of different kerogen types and determine the nature of the maturity of organic matter within the individual Straton disclosed wells.
There are confirmed different kinds of mature organic matter from existing oil fields and to the potential gas reserves of unconventional type within the studied structures.
The analysis of the spatial distribution of types of kerogen within the DDD based thermal pyrolysis conversion rock and «Rock-Eval». Installed on certain types of kerogen studied structures coincide with the lateral distribution of hydrocarbons in DDD from north - west to south - eastern part, namely oil deposits characteristic of northern and gradually replaced the condensate and gas in the southern part. In the studied core samples predominant type III kerogen, which according to existing classifications, formed mostly from the remains of terrestrial vegetation and paleoumovah continental margins and deltas.
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The ways to improve the technique of seismic microzonation of building sites in Ukraine
Authors A. Shynkarenko and O. KendzeraSummaryThe paper presents the analysis of the existing technique of seismic microzonation of building sites in Ukraine. There are discussed the previous experience of seismic zonation application and the background of general detailed seismic zonation and seismic microzonation technique. Seismic microzonation regulatory documents that are used in Ukraine and abroad are analyzed. There are highlighted main issues of the technique of seismic microzonation of building sites in Ukraine that are: unreasonable selection of the soil volume to be investigated; lack of unique approach to define the relationships between soil attributes and seismic impact features; inaccurate assessment of the correlation between soils seismic stability and groundwater level. There are proposed the ways to solve these issues.
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Magnetovariational response functions 3D models of deep faults
Authors O. Hishchuk, T. Burakhovich and T. PrichepySummaryCalculations and analysis magnetovariational response functions 3D theoretical models of deep regional faults with different inclination angles (900 to 150) were held. The intensity of induction parameters depends on inclination angle and deviations in magnitude W (for model vertical conducting structure 900) of the inclined 600 and 300 constitute the 10% and 30%, respectively. It is shown, that the ratio of the maximum (modulo) values tippler, obtained for the period, corresponding to the maximum frequency response, depending on the inclination angle the subvertical conductor is described logarithmic function. The versatility of this dependence for a other series models raises doubts, which defined complicated, the behavior of the electromagnetic field, arising from three-dimensional conductive structures even elementary forms. The dependence of the angle of incidence of the fault on the parameter distance relationship between the provisions of the maxima at Tmin and Tmax is linear. It is shown, that in the construction and calculation of 3D models real geological environments can with some confidence using conducting deep faults in the form of subvertical structures.
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Geophysical and engineering methods in the study of the pipeline systems
Authors R. Hloba, O. Danylov, S. Korneyenko and Y. HlobaSummaryIt is proposed to apply a set of geophysical methods to engineering surveys when designing and operating linear underground constructions within pipelines. A new method of resonance acoustic profiling being integrated in conventional electrical methods, will enhance the validity of the research data. The study allows for identifying the areas best fitting for laying and operating the pipeline transport system. The paper provides a complex of geophysical methods to guarantee safety standards on the pipeline transport systems when affected by natural and anthropogenic hazards. The study of resonance acoustic profiling will provide data on geological sections, landslide areas mapping, rockfalls, water intrusion, water-bearing horizons, zones of tectonic disturbances and karst cavities. The electrical methods allow for determining probable areas of corrosion sites on the pipeline transport systems: VES (vertical electrical sounding), “remote electrode” (electrometric survey), measuring potential gradient and SEP (symmetrical electrical profiling), in particular.
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Agent-based model of data actualization of online region sustainable development atlases
Authors B. Busygin and A. KachanovSummaryThe paper looks at the problems of automatic collecting and processing the data for electronic atlases. Agent-based model is proposed to solve the problems of searching for the new data and populating the databases from the diverse sources automatically. The proposed multi-agent system for data actualization is described and its subsystem functions are explained.
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Petrophysical thermobaric model of the Eearth’s crust of the Black sea North-Western part along a 25 DSS profile
By V. KorchinSummaryThe new hypothesis of education, existence and disappearance of low velocity zones (LVZ), discovered the DSS method as elastic anomalies of the Earth’s crust is presented in the article. The difficult changes of VP,S=f(PT) for rocks are experimentally set up (regions of velocity inversion are revealed). Zones arise in cases, when at corresponding depths, the temperature gradient exceeds the certain threshold, and the pressure cannot compensate the disturbance of rocks caused by temperature actions. The presence of low velocity zones is the objective reality and they can be everywhere in the Earth’s crust. Their power can be increased with the increase of intensity of thermal regimes or it will disappear with lowering of heat in a lithosphere. In the offered work on the basis of study of connection of interstitial space with the longitudinal waves propagation velocity at high pressures and temperatures in the Ukrainian shield granites samples an attempt more fully to describe a change porosity and fractures of rocks depending on P and Т influence of different depths is carried out, to explain some crust anomalies of rocks unpacking, which can be conductors of migration and localization of deep origin hydrocarbons.
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Experimental investigations of density and velocity characteristics of gneises at high pressures and temperatures
Authors E. Karnaukhova and V. KorchinSummaryElastic-density characteristics of gneises with a depth change on nonlinear laws. The experiments show that the VP=f(H) and p=f(H) dependences have complicated regularities: on the curves velocity and density inversion zones with maxima and minima manifestation are marked. It was shown that rocks differentiation on elastic-density parameters in probed varieties of gneises in laboratory conditions at the atmospheric pressure and room temperature and at the simultaneous influence on samples of deep PT parameters depends on the percentage content of high-density pyroxene and amphibole, and also stratified biotite. These materials enabled to complement and correct before the known information about “velocity-density” dependence on different depths, widely use at a seismic-gravity modelling.
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Uncompression zones of rocks of thermodynamics nature in the earth’s crust of Ukrainian shield central part
Authors V. Korchin, P. Burtnyi and V. KobolevSummaryLongitudinal waves propagation velocity waves and density of rocks depends substantial appearance on pressure and temperatures influence of which must be taken into account at the calculations of these parameters on different depths. From the data of thermobaric petrophysical seismic-gravity modelling the specified material cut of area of the Earth’s crust of central part of the Ukrainian shield is got. Found out the local areas of lowering of ricks density, which, as a rule, coincide with the area of low velocity zones and formed deep thermodynamic conditions. Such uncompression zones of mineral environment can serve one of diagnostic signs at the searches of mineral deposits.
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On solving the structural inverse magnetic problem of finding a contact surface in the case of arbitrary directed magnetization
By V. MisilovSummaryInverse structural magnetic problem of finding a contact surface between two layers with constant magnetizations was formulated for the case of arbitrary directed magnetization vectors. An effective numerical technique for solving this problem was proposed and implemented for multicore processors. Model problem with synthetic magnetic data was solved.
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The relationship between low-frequency magnetic susceptibility and heavy metals in soils of Odesa
Authors I. Stakhiv, I. Tsyupa and K. BondarSummaryThe results of studying relationship between low-frequency magnetic susceptibility and heavy metals (Cd, Mn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) in soils of Odesa are represented in the paper. Actual data analysis shows, that the level of pollution in the city remains high. It is obvious firstly from the high values of magnetic susceptibility 300-625·10−8 m3/kg, and secondly from the high concentrations of metals - indicators of anthropogenic pollution (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn). The content of these metals demonstrated significant correlation coefficients with low frequency magnetic susceptibility of soils. The map of spatial distribution of low-frequency magnetic susceptibility shows that southern and central parts of the city are polluted, a high values are mainly confined to highways and plants. Pollution load index is high (up to 4) for most points of the study area, thus the soil of Odesa are in poor conditions.
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Results of experimental electromagnetic studies of the Crimean region
Authors T. Burahovich and A. KushnirSummarySpatial-temporal pattern of distribution of geomagnetic variations and electric field on the Earth’s surface was obtained as a result of modern experimental observations conducted in 2007–2013 along 9 profiles (48 points) by the methods of magnetotelluric sounding (MTS) and magnetovariation profiling (MVP). These profiles cross various geological structures of the Crimean region. It is possible to estimate the value of electrical conductivity and vertical and horizontal geo-electric structure. The processing of these data is done using modern software system PRC_MTMV (author Varentsov Iv. M.) that provides the common noise-protected evaluation of the impedance, tipper and horizontal magneto-variation response according to synchronous MT/MV records. The main result of qualitative interpretation of geo-electric research is the detection of high conductivity regions in the Earth’s crust and upper mantle of the Crimea, that are characterized by the variations of conductivity, depth and configuration. They characterize the various geological structures differently. The sub-vertical conductive zones often coincide with the fault structures, most of these objects are confined to the suture zones between tectonic elements such as the East European platform and the Scythian plate, the Scythian plate and the Crimean mountain, North and South Kerch zone. This fact may reflect high permeability of the suture zones for deep fluids in the process of their formation.
Although the qualitative interpretation of the experimental data of magnetotelluric sounding (MTS) and magnetovariation profiling (MVP) provides inconsistent understanding of the depth distribution of the Crimean region electrical conductivity, the combination of these methods allows constructing the model of resistivity distribution within a three-dimensional environment much more accurately and adequately to the observed experimental data.
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Selection of the similar gidrogeodynamic mode zones within the Zhytomyr region with the tools of information and spatial analysis in GIS
Authors O. Pona and L. DavybidaSummaryThe question of distributing of crowd conditions of the cross-correlation connections between the mode of water-tables vibrations and sun activity on the territory of the Zhytomyr Region was considered and the maps which made it possible to set basic law conformities of these connections were created. Territorial homogeneity of the long-term groundwater mode was analyzed within territory of the Zhytomyr Region. The selection of the similar gidrogeodynamic mode zones within territory of the Zhytomyr Region was executed.
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Studying of modern flooding of southwestern part Krivbass by geophysical methods
Authors P. Pigulevskiy, V. Svistun, S. Slobodyaniuk and A. KyryliukSummaryThe results and methods of identifying and mapping areas of flooding by modern geophysical methods at the south-western part of Kryvbas are presented. On the basis of electrical properties of rocks data, a materials synthesis of engineering-geological conditions study and, above all, hydrogeological, and methods of optimum complex and methodic of geophysical studies were identified. To study the degree of flooding of the southwestern part of Kryvbas were used geoelectric methods in modifications vertical electrical sounding and natural field involving biolocation research and large-scale maps of the gravitational field. It was established that the zone of increased expressive horizontal gradients, which coincide with the natural deformation zones wide field or abrupt changes of apparent resistivity are regions of increased permeability of water. Aquifer in Quaternary sediments has planar spread with different levels of standing water. The separate areas with a natural (along rivers and large beams) and anthropogenic origin (dumps, quarries, tailing) are allocated. The level of capillary moisture is placed above the ground water level and, by our opinion, characterizes the depth of surface evaporation. Received information from results of electrometric and biolocation research is very important for solving agricultural problems - humidification control or depth of evaporation, as well as for administrative decision-making at various levels in order to minimize the effects of the activity of man-made objects (sludge storage tanks, reservoirs).
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GIS modeling of the groundwater levels to the intensive flooded areas (on the example of the Zhytomyr Region)
Authors Y. Bilinska and M. TymkivSummaryActual problems of development of the natural processes of flooding for the territory of Ukraine. The technique of regional groundwater level modeling based on geoinformation approach was created. The predictive modeling of the groundwater levels within the territory of Ukrainian Polissya was carried.
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Conductivity anomalies and mineral resources of the central part of the Ukrainian shield
Authors B. Shyrkov and A. UsenkoSummaryIt was discovered the different spatial orientation of the condactors in the central part of the Ukrainian shield to use the three-dimensional geoelectrical modeling. They correspond the sublatitudinal and submeridional superficial and deep conductivity anomalies. Involvement of the experimental results of magnetotelluric sounding (MTZ) and magnetovariation profiling (MVP), structure analysis data, geochemistry, mineralogy makes it possible to carry out the regional and local forecasting of the mineral deposits within the Ukrainian shield. It was established that low-resistance anomalies are confined to the areas of the metasomatosis to extend along the fault zones. are The most of the ore deposits, including Savran’ and Kapitanivka ore fields within the Golovanivsk shear zone and deposits of graphite, uranium, titanium, iron ore, lithium are localized within these limits.
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Development of geoportal of natural-reserve Fund of Ukraine
Authors V. Demidov and E. KravchenkoSummaryTo store large enough size of spatial data the development of geoportal is the best solution for the presentation of geodata and automatic report generation. The basic principles and technology of geoportal development for natural-reserve Fund (NRF) of Ukraine are presented in the paper. To create the geoportal the objects of national NRF has been inventoried and database of NRF in Ukraine has been actualized. The software solution to storage of large size of geodata, access and visualization was proposed. This solution involves the use of Open Source products such as PostgreSQL (with the extension PostGIS), GeoServer, and Apache, which minimizes the costs of developing of geoportal.
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Interpretation of high-resolution magnetic survey integrated in archaeological GIS (on example of Hotiv Scythian hillfort)
Authors M. Daragan, M. Orlyuk, A. Romenets and K. BondarSummaryAs a result of geophysical data interpretation, all anomalies, that can match archaeological objects on magnetic map of Hotiv Scythian hillfort, integrated into specialized GIS of this archaeological monument were localized. It was established that the total number of archeological objects that could be correlated with ground dwellings or dugouts (with already studied) on the area covered with geophysical survey and excavations does not exceed two dozen. Available data indicate poor population occupancy of the settlement in the 6th century B.C.
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A search for connections of gravitational influence of the Moon and the Sun with earthquakes of Carpathian region of Ukraine
Authors A. Kazantsev and L. KazantsevaSummaryIf there is an influence of the Moon and Sun on the occurrence of earthquakes, the physical nature of such influence can only be the gravitational. A possible gravitational influence is caused by the resultant tidal forces of the Moon and the Sun, but not by their separate actions. The calculations algorithm for the tidal forces of the Sun and Moon and for their resultant is described. Relative changes of these forces for different zones on the earth’s surface in time and at various depths are presented. Preliminary recommendations for searching of connections of gravitational influence of the Moon and the Sun with earthquakes was made.
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The analysis of the relationship between the phases of the Moon and the occurrence of landslides
Authors O. Pona, L. Shtogryn and D. KasianchukSummaryThe paper presents the primary statistical analysis of the coherence of extreme precipitation events with the phases of the Moon the length is 64 years, which allowed us to see the qualitative and quantitative relationship of periodic regularities in the influence of the Moon on the weather, in particular, on the formation of long-term anomalous precipitation, which in turn are a trigger for activation of landslide. It was revealed that the Prykarpattya in most cases, the abnormal rains in the last or first quarter Moon. The consistency of the frames, structures, spectra extreme precipitation taking into account the lunar phases and periods of activization of landslides indicates a possible link between them.
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Automated of calculation the corrections of radio logging for devices of the Soviet-Russian type
More LessSummaryAt one stage of data processing neutron logging in the calculation of porosity factor, there is a need to insert corrections for downhole conditions. “Geopoisk” provides a tool by means of which you can perform this task. However, problems lay in the fact that all algorithms were in the form of formulas, that is in a text file (code in the language “Gaosi” compiled module “Calculator”) which must be edited for correct calculations of particular cases, which is problematic for non-expert users without programming skills.
The aim of this work was to develop a dialog application that is integrated into the “Geopoisk”, which allows, by means of user interaction with its interface, to make settings for the calculation of correction factors, add them, and get a formula (code) without interacting directly with it.
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Creating of maps of investigation of spatial distribution of major chemical elements by electron probe microanalyzer and using it for understanding ways and sequences of crystallization fusion
Authors O. Loshakov and O. RybnikovaSummaryIn this article there was an aim to understand the way of crystallization a kind of granite from deposit of Zhytomyr region, Ukraine. According to the authors it can be proved after deep researching of mineral and chemical features of this rock by precision geochemical equipment. At the beginning electron probe microanalyzer had used and it helped to create the maps of investigation of spatial distribution of major chemical elements. In this article there was information about the method of creation maps, was noticed software that have used. As a result obtained models are shown. Some conclusions and ways of possible future activity have made after work with them.
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Induced seismicity and seismotectonics of Nadvirna oil and gas area (Ukrainian Precarpathians)
Authors L. Nazarevych and A. NazarevychSummaryDetailed analysis of seismicity and seismotectonics of Nadvirna oil and gas area (Ukrainian Precarpathians) is made. Association of local earthquakes to the faults, breaks and midwater surfaces of thrusts and folds surrounding structures with oil and gas deposits is revealed and some of the specific characteristics of their foci are analyzed. Local seismicity (activation of which took place in 1996–2012) is regarded as induced, that is, as caused by changes (during the oil and gas production) of hydrodynamic and geomechanical regime of oil and gas bearing and surrounding geological structures the relaxation of tectonic stress which was accumulated in these structures as a result of analyzed regional geodynamic processes.
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Mudflows risks. Assessment of mudflow risk on the example of east part of the Upper Tisza basin
Authors T. Chepurna, D. Kasiyanchuk, E. Kuzmenko, I. Chepurnyj and Y. BilinskaSummaryThe method of determining the reduced mudflow collective risk based on the calculation of average space-time probability of mudflows, partial total area of alluvial fans of mud over the period, plane of maximum destruction, population density, coefficient that takes into account the availability of protective systems in the area. Built cartogram assessments resulted of debris risks to administrative-territorial units (town and city councils).
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The structure and components of information-analytical system of natural-technical complexes monitoring and assessment (for Transcarpathian region)
Authors O. Ivanik, M. Nazarenko, S. Chomenko, O. Mykhaylenko and S. ZamkovetsSummaryThe consideration is given to the general structure of the of information-analytical system of natural-technical complexes monitoring and assessment (for Transcarpathian region). Geodatabase, data collection, processing and service subsystems are the main functional links of the developed system. The basic functional tasks of the system have been defined. They include the input of initial observations information, database information, solving of spatial analytical tasks, generation and printing of reports; work on georeference data (analysis and visualization of geospatial data, developing of risk models) and forecasting of the complex systems behavior under the influence of hazardous geological processes.
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Interrelation between neotectonic movements and structural formation in Kanev area
Authors L. Tustanovska, G. Ivankevich and E. YahnoSummaryResearch of tectonogenesis within the Near-Kanev Dnieper area has been shown that regional and local tectonic structures include a variety of shapes and diverging at all stages of development. The method of structural morphometry adapted to the environment of GIS has been used for the analysis of morphogenesis and tectonogenesis. A different genetic models of paleorelief and modern surface have been developed. It is confirmed that tectonic movements within Kanev dislocations had differentiated character that appears on different order morphometric maps. Morphometric maps reflect the gradual formation of dislocations under the influence of tectonic movements, external factors (denudation, accumulation, erosion and glacial processes) and diapir formations. Tectonic scheme of local structures and dislocations has been proposed. It has more than 40 local dislocation structures. The special consideration is given to interrelation between relief formation and tectonic movement. It enables to allocate anticline and syncline structures of different orders and identify their features.
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On the restrictions of the digital geomapping systems during the geophysical anomalies modeling
By Y. DubovenkoSummaryPurpose. The new requirements for the correctness of meso-scale regional constructions according to the data of gravitational and magnetic fields are analyzed. The transition of the interpretation facilities of these fields to the new field and media models is postulated. These models must meet the new requirements to the methods of observation and practice of interpretation. From this point of view, classic formulations of linear boundary value problems for gravity and magnetic should be regarded as first approximations of media.
Design/methodology/approach. It was determined that at the transition to more accurate models of regional media one should take into account the effects of the locality and the vector nature of the appropriate anomalies. Because of this, we brought new means for image analysis of initial data – digital maps.
Findings. The limits of applicability of visual images of the original models are analyzed. It is noted that for the most correct reconstruction of geological surfaces it is advisable to draw soft packs, which use the finite element method for surface interpolation, with basis in the form of bicubic B-splines. It is pointed out that in the construction of sections from the cross-sections of these surfaces can be automated the composition of some of its geometric characteristics. The information about the errors of visual analysis and the formal classification of maps according to the analysis is compiled.
Practical value/implications. The mechanisms of formation of false stereotypes of the development apart from a priori geological knowledge are illustrated by the several examples. The tool for the efficient processing of large geophysical datasets is proposed, Isoline program. The dependence of the parameters of numerical solution on the method of data interpolation is defined. The prospects for simulation by the digital maps are listed out, as far as the restrictions on the quality of the source data and requirements to the parameters of their filtering.
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Application of geophysical methods holography to study the deep structure of Korosten pluton
Authors M. Bankovskyi and A. GeikhmanSummaryApplied the idea of a common wave nature of all potential fields of geophysical holography method to build a real tool to help seismic methods in the study of the deep structure and the search for mineral deposits in the territory of Korosten pluton in the Ukrainian shield
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Application of geophysical holography in the search for oil and gas in the Ukrainian Carpathians
Authors M. Bankovskyi and A. GeikhmanSummaryApplied the idea of a common wave nature of all potential fields of geophysical holography method to build a real tool to help seismic methods in the search for oil and gas in the Ukrainian Carpathians.
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Burial History Modeling of the Taranaki Basin (New Zealand)
Authors I. Titenko and I. VirshyloSummaryThis investigation was made to study burial history of Taranaki Basin, that situated on the west coast of the North Island of New Zealand. It produces from about 20 fields, ranging from the giant Maui gas-condensate field. The basin characterize by complex tectonic history. In evolution of Taranaki Basin it can distinguish two major tectonic event. First it’s rifting in the start of evolution of the basin and second it’s volcanism in the Miocene, which led to the formation of hydrocarbon migration paths, traps and greatly influenced to the generation of hydrocarbons.
Novva 1D Modelling software used to build the models. 1D modeling of burial history of basin was made for four different wells on the base of wells data, geochemistry and paleogeography. Determined that Rakopi and North Cape major Cretaceous source rock are completely matured, but have significant different generation histories. The influence of the Miocene volcanism on the thermal history of the basin is presented. The results provide important information about generation and hydrocarbon prospects in this region.
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Statistical models of results comparing of roller-bit and core drilling studying while mining exploration of iron ore deposits
Authors A. Plotnikov, A. Belous and M. KuryloSummaryComparison of sampling results of roller-bit, core drilling and trench sampling were held for Yeristovske deposit of banded iron formation. Comparison was done for contents of total iron, iron associated with magnetite and silica.
Studying of different sampling methods of banded iron formation allows choosing the best method for mining exploration of Yerystivske deposit. For this comparison, the experimental block was selected in the rocks of main productive strata deposit К25. Data of chemical sampling after roller-bit and core drilling showed that variances of total iron and iron associated with magnetite vary, but mean values are similar. Dispersions and mean values of data for quality concentrate and sampling after roller-bit and core drilling are not different. Taking into account results of the comparison, it is recommended to use sludge with core drilling while mining exploration of banded iron formation. Geophysical methods give correct results in a case of adjustment in accordance with chemical core sampling.
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Influence of GPR measure step and depth of investigation on quality of GPR profiles
Authors A. Chernov and O. LoshakovSummaryIn that paper results of investigation on experimental geophysical polygon are represented. The aim of investigations was to find out settings of measure step and depth of investigation to get proper differentiation of buried objects on GPR profile to the depth of 4 meters in the shortest time. Profiles were recorded by the same device VIY2-300 GPR (transmitter and receiver antennas’ frequency is 300 MHz). The results of experiment show, that to localize steel pipes (diameter 5 cm and length from 1 m to 2 m), border between void (styrofoam), dripped soil and natural soil on depth to 4 meters, measure step on experimental field should be >127 mm and proper depth of surveying is 3–4, 6 and 9 meters. Achieved results, related to settings should be tested on other sites to make decisive conclusions. Further investigations related to that topic are going on.
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Seismicity of Ukrainian Precarpathians in the context of tectonics and vertical Holocene movements
More LessSummaryThe study of seismicity in Ukrainian Precarpathians for the historical and instrumental observation periods in connection with tectonics and vertical Holocene movements is carried out. The seismicity here has the spatial and temporal peculiarities. It is clearly differentiated by areas and energy potential. The analysis of seismicity detect the main seismoactive faults in the region. That are Precarpathian, Shopur-Nadvirna, Turyanka, Hutsul faults. Majority of local earthquakes are localized in the zone of influence of these faults. Most seismic activity of Precarpathian fault is observed recently in the Nadvirna city area. Relationship of local earthquakes sources with vertical movements in Precarpathians for the Holocene period was analyzed. It was revealed that all earthquakes sources are located in areas of positive integral vertical movements. Predominant number of earthquakes occur in morphostructural neotectonic units in the crossing of Precarpathian fault with faults of subdiagonal north-eastern orientation, in areas with a total amplitude of the vertical Holocene movements in the range +5,7 ÷ +10,2 m.
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Preliminary results of magnetic investigations at Starunia oil-ozokerite deposit (Carpathian Region, Ukraine)
Authors O. Menshov, R. Kuderavets and I. ChobotokSummaryHydrocarbon migration and microseepage effect, which change the composition of magnetic minerals in well strata and near-surface geological horizons, as well as soils, can cause local magnetic anomalies and changes in the magnetic properties of soils. Understanding the effects of hydrocarbons on the magnetic mineral diagenesis is of great importance. The purpose of our magnetic studies at Starunia is to characterize the local magnetic field upon Starunia oil and ozokerite site. The specific objective of the paper is to investigate the lateral and vertical variability of the magnetic properties of the soil in the outcrops of the Velyky Lukavets river valley and near the Nadia-1 well in order to establish their possible relationship with hydrocarbons. Starunia is the small village in the Ukrainian Carpathians. This place became the world famous thanks to the paleontological discoveries of large Pleistocene mammals in the first half of the 20 th century. The Starunia oil-ozokerite deposit occurs in the Boryslav-Pokuttya Unit of the Carpathian Foredeep, which is the main oil- and gas-bearing part of the Ukrainian Carpathians. The Carpathian thrust-and-fold belt consists of a number of nappe, thrusted northeastward. We performed the measurements of the magnetic field along the Mag1, Mag2 and Mag3 profiles. The soil magnetic susceptibility was measured along Mag1 profile. The soils were sampled for the laboratory magnetic measurements The significant contrasts of magnetic field with the local negative magnetic anomaly of about 30–35 nT and width of about 700 m was identificated upon Starunia oil and ozokerite field. The origine is connected with the Vorotyshcha Beds layers and lenses of salt rock as well as numerous veins of ozokerite. The spatial position of this anomaly is correlated with the Rinne fault on which is leaking to the surface oil and clay pulp with salts of different composition.
The high hydrocarbon content in the near-surface sediments and soils within the Starunia site must be associated with hydrocarbon migration from deeper accumulations to the surface, which led to the formation of newly magnetic minerals. We suggest that magnetic anomalies and magnetic susceptibility of soils can be indicative of the presence of hydrocarbons if used along with other geophysical and geochemical methods.
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Modeling of topography indices for analysis of neotectonics and research of local tectonic units
By T. AndriietsSummaryThe possibility of neotectonic mapping to conduct an analysis of vertical movement stages has been shown. The technique of such neotectonic mapping includes additional mathematical operations on structure-morphometric models in GIS. Designed models are characterized by more effectiveness for both analysis of spatial-temporal vertical movement and research of local tectonic active units. In result of designed models analysis in part of Porkulets nappe and Vyhorlat-Hutyn volcanic chain the stages of neotectonic processes in Pliocene-Quaternary time have been reconstructed. The tectonic active units of high rank are defined in the maps of vertical movement in early stages. The local units are defined by high temporal differentiation of movement amplitudes. The defined units are accorded with regional geology that proves well good effectiveness of designed models.
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The mathematical methodics for oil and gas reservoir rocks discovery in the wells open-casts according to the logging data
Authors L. Skakal’s’ka and A. NazarevychSummaryThe mathematical methodic for predicting of oil and gas reservoir rocks in the wells’ open-casts according to the data of logging and core researches is presented. Within the methodic, on the basis of the adequate mathematical model of rock, the generalized equations of relationship between the compressibility ratio, porosity and pressure in the fluid saturated and dry rocks are derived. The relations for the layerwise determining of the elastic characteristics of rocks for different lithology and geodynamic genesis are built. On the basis of the theoretical and empirical relations the functional for prediction the fluid type in the pores of the wells’ open-casts is created. This methodic is applicable for any geological region with existing parametric database of the log and core data. It is tested on the data of the wells’ structures of the Western oil and gas region of Ukraine (Lischiny, Buchach, Ludyn, Zaluzhany, Zarichnyany, Nyklovychy). The peculiarities of the methodic application are illustrated by the concrete examples of calculations according to the acoustic and gamma logging data.
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On solving the three-dimensional structural gravity problem for the case of a multilayered medium by the componentwize Levenberg-Marquardt method
Authors E. Akimova and A. SkurydinaSummaryComponentwise method on the base of Levenberg-Marquard method for solving the structural inverse gravity problem of finding the contact surfaces in a multilayered medium is proposed. The algorithm was parallelized and implemented for multicore processors. The problem with quasi-model data for four-layered medium was solved.
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The analysis of the initial field transformations for their sources formalized delineation
Authors V. Logvin and P. PigulevskiySummaryThe main goal of the research is formalized delineation of geological objects from the initial potential field based lineament analysis. It is assumed that the lineaments geometrically correspond to the “inflection lines” of the field that can be represented mathematically as zero contour curvature of a two-dimensional function. Mathematical calculations for the modeled magnetic and gravitational fields have shown the effectiveness of the proposed lineament analysis for geological mapping regions. The proposed method of the lineament analysis allows to extract geologically meaningful lineaments confidently, even in low-contrast potential fields.
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Hydrogeological and geoinformatical aspects of European standards implementation in Ukraine in the area of natural waters quality and water management
Authors O. Koshliakov, O. Dyniak and I. KoshliakovaSummaryThe problem of Ukrainian legal framework regarding water resource management current state compliance with the EU Water Framework Directive basic requirements is considered. The experience of the EU countries relative to the territory hydrographic demarcation schemes development is analyzed. Implementation of state water management reform process, which aims to achieve compliance of this system with those designs that were made in the EU, is offered. Methodical approach to Ukrainian territory complex demarcation, which will enable to improve management system in the field of natural waters use and protection and national water resources reproduction through the actual implementation of it by using the basin principle (according to EU Water Framework Directive), taking into account hydrogeological component and possibilities of GIS, is proposed. The structure of stepwise research directed at creating the effective natural waters quality monitoring system according to European Union standards and prevention of potential environmental threats to security is described.
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Identification of petroleum system elements and downscaling of complex geo-data sets for development of 3D model of semi-regional scale. Example of Southern border area of Dnieper-Donets rift
By I. KarpenkoSummarySpatial 3D modeling of petroleum system is one of highly informative and effective geo-tools for prediction of oil and gas accumulations in undrilled prospects. Petroleum system of studied area, Southern border of Dnieper-Donets basin (DDB), includes over 60 productive horizons (reservoirs) with hundreds of discovered hydrocarbon accumulations and several tens of organic-rich horizons (source rocks). Development of 3D model of petroleum system of semi-regional scale requires a downscaling of geophysical, logging, geochemical, lithological and petrophysical data sets. Major Carboniferous and Devonian productive horizons and source rocks were identified within Southern border zone of Dnieper-Donets rift. Identified reservoirs and source rocks were downscaled and combined for 1D and further 3D modeling based on described principles. 1D modeling was performed for 53 boreholes within studied area. Modeled thermal evolution of source rocks corresponds to vitrinite reflectance values.
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Automated selection based on vector measurements of the anomalous magnetic field
Authors T. Mikheeva, E. Lapina and N. PanchenkoSummaryProposed software for vector measurements of the anomalous magnetic field. An example of simulation multivariate modeling one of the sections Sourozh field.
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Estimation of the areal upward hydrogeomigration and risks of underground water polluting in the process of unconventional hydrocarbons extraction
Authors O. Azimov, Y. Dorofey, V. Lyalko and Y. YakovlevSummaryThe relevance of the application of modern remote aerospace and hydrogeological methods in the problems of the ecological safety for the hydrosphere in Ukraine during unconventional hydrocarbons extraction, especially shale gas is considered. Case studies of pilot implementation of these methods are present for the Bilyaivska area adjacent to the Yuzivka licensed site within the Dnieper-Donets Depression as the biggest artesian basin within Ukraine. A number of the hydrogeological filtration parameters of multilayer’ system (water aquifers, aquitard and aquiclude regional layers) enable to obtain the rough estimate of the temporal indices for the areal upward pollutant migration from the fracturing zone to the groundwater aquifers in the potential process of shale gas production (as an example the 400-Bilyaivska well). It is found that the possible variety of the rock double permeability in the complete rock continuum is responsible for the passage time of diffusive-convective pollutant migration from the fracturing zone to the groundwater aquifers, and this time interval consists of 170÷70 years. Considering the balance ratio between the water volume for the dilution of pollutants to the safe concentrations and the volume of porous solutions, which is over the fracturing zone the conclusion, is drawn that remains of technological solutions in the fracturing zone in some cases can continuously contaminate the underground water within the zones of slow and active water exchange.
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Geochemical data analysis and prediction of hydrocarbon accumulation in the territory of Rotmistrovka impact structure
Authors M.Yu. Gryga, I.D. Bagriy, K.M. Starodubets and V.G. SemenyukSummaryOil and gas potential of impact structures is a promising direction in exploration geology along with unconventional hydrocarbon sources like shale gas, tight gas and coal bed methane. Impact conditions contribute to redistribution and accumulation of hydrocarbons, create unique types of traps and provide migration of hydrocarbons from the source rocks. Industrial hydrocarbon reserves are proved in 12 of the 250 credible impact structures in the world. Now in Ukraine seven credible simple and complex impact structures are discovered. The area of Rotmistrovka Ukrainian crater is explored by the complex of structural-thermometric-atmogeochemical researchs. Article deals with the analysis of geochemical data of alkans, alkens, radon and thoron. It was established that the oil and gas potential of Rotmistrovka impact structure is associated with its perimeter parts which most likely related to its rims. Oil and gas formation within the studied area is influenced by both factors directly related to hydrocarbon migration and faulting factors that could be intensified by impact event. Features of appearances of oil and gas potential of Rotmistrivska impact structure are typical for other simple impact structures in the world.
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Prediction of promising areas for coal bed methane production by the structural-thermal-atmogeochemical research methodology (STAGR)
Authors V.R. Dubosarskiy, V.G. Semenyuk, O.O. Yantsevych and V.A. GlonSummaryOn example of using the structural-thermal-atmogeochemical research (STAGR) within the coal deposits considered forecast of promising areas for the extraction of methane from the rock mass.
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Geochemical behavior of major and trace elements during magma evolution process in Bodie Hills Volcanic Field, Nevada
Authors L. Gavryliv, S. Shnyukov and I. LazarevaSummaryThe key issue of volcanoes investigations at convergent plate boundaries, associated with island arcs and active continental margins, is reconstruction of the whole process of magma evolution: from the generation of magma to the eruption on the Earth’s surface. Recently, significant efforts are made to solve this problem by application of petrologic and geochemical methods. However, many questions remain undiscussed. The depth of melt generation, differentiation conditions and probability of ore generation make up key issues common to real magmatic complexes. These issues also exist for Bodie Hills Volcanic Field (BHVF), Nevada – California, USA. The research focuses on reconstruction of all the way of magma evolution from the moment of it inception till eruption on the surface for four volcanic centers - Mount Bidman, Aurora, Masonic and West Brawley peak in BHVF. Whole-rock chemical analyses performed in analytical laboratories of SGS Minerals, Toronto, Canada are used. During the research, principal mechanism of magma evolution is determined and fraction of liquid in melt for every stage of melt separation is calculated.
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Ilmenite distribution in titanium deposits by GIS-modeling (for example Torchynske apatite-ilmenite deposit)
Authors S. Vasylenko, T. Okholina, O. Remezova and O. YaremenkoSummaryThe geological structure and material composition of Torchynske deposit, which is located in the southeastern part of Volodarsk-Volyn basic rocks massive, have been studied. For the first time the geological and technological GIS-modeling has conducted. The database with reference to the real world coordinate system has been established. The maps of distribution of vertical supply, thickness of ore layer and overburden, integral indicator have analyzed. Blocking of the deposits taking into account production profitability within the each block was conducted. Optimization directions of Torchynske deposit development that will increase profitability to 15% have been determined.
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Prediction potentially promising hydrocarbon geological structural forms based on Bayes decision rule
Authors I. Tishaev, V. Zatserkovny and K. YagorlitskaSummaryThe practicability of attracting classification methods to Earth remote sensing data for the solving geology and geophysics search problems is based on reasonable supposes (which were demonstrated by many researchers) about the connection of deep subsurface structure with the modern topography, the nature of drainage, geomorphological, geobotanical and other (up to man-made) features. The advantage of the Bayes classifier is not only in the referring to a specific object class, but also in the calculation of the probability of accessory. This makes it possible on the basis quantitative criteria predict the presence of tectonic elevations potentially promising hydrocarbon content.
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Methods of data processing depth MTZ / MVP using program PRC_MTMV
Authors Y. Popko and O. HishchukSummaryA processing experimental observations on the northwest slope of DDD methods MTZ and MVP.Obtained an electromagnetic transmission operators in a wide range of periods.
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Principles of the divelopment of geological information database Novotroitske deposit of limestone-based geoinformation approach
By S. PikulSummaryGrounded main principles and methods modeling of mineral deposit, which is based on the use of geoinformation systems, including K-MINE. The main stage in the process of modeling is to create a database of wells. Development and planning of optimal database architecture for the Novotroitske deposit of limestone, their structuring enables most of the received information for further statistical analysis and modeling of the deposit to create voxel models, calculation of mineral reserves and clarification of existing data, amending and additions.
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Approximation of anomalous magnetic field using array of singular sources (magnetized rods)
Authors L. Muravyev, D. Byzov and N. FedorovaSummaryThis report presents a calculation method for the vertical component of an anomalous magnetic field based on its absolute value. Conversion is based on the approximation of magnetic induction module anomalies through a set of singular sources and the subsequent calculation for the vertical component of the field with the chosen distribution. A set of rods that are uniformly magnetized along the axis was used as a set of singular sources. Analysis of applicability of different methods of nonlinear optimization for solving the given task was carried out. The algorithm is implemented using the parallel computing technology on the NVidia GPU. Approximation of the magnetic field and calculation of its vertical component is carried our using the samples of Near Polar and Polar Urals territories.
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Counter high- velocities inclined layers of the East European and African-Arabian platform
By I. BugaenkoSummaryUsed three-dimensional P-velocity model of the mantle, built by the method of Teylor approximate solution seismic tomography proposed by V.S.Geyko. This method gives a more accurate approximation of non-linearity and can be used at a lower velocity limits for functions, do not require setting the reference model as the initial approximation, gives the correct by Tikhonov.
The analysis of three-dimensional P-velocity model of the mantle to a depth of 1,100 km it possible to distinguish three types of high-velocities inclined layers. These layers are bonded with a counter spread from the East European and African-Arabian platform.
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Features of the velocity structure of the mantle of Australia according to seismic tomography
By L. ZaietsSummaryThe paper presents a model of the mantle seismic tomography Australia, obtained by the method Taylor¢s approximation developed at the Institute of Geophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine V.S. Geyko. The initial data were used the arrival times of the first arrivals of P-waves at stations, which are published in bulletins ISC. The analysis of three-dimensional P-velocity model Australia mantle shows that the tectonic division of the Australian continent into three parts -the western, central (Australian plate) and eastern (Paleozoic Tasmanian fold-thrust belt) is reflected in the velocity structure of the mantle, where it is divided over the entire depth into three parts. The division of the ancient part of the platform - the west (West Australian Shield) and observed by the central base of high layer of the upper mantle, transition zone of the upper mantle. According to the velocity structure of the western (blocks Pilbara and Yilgarn) and the central part of Australia’s mantle are stable, ancient structures. The eastern part - Tasmanian Paleozoic fold belt refers to the activated structures (low velocity to a depth of 575km). The most intense high velocity anomalies characteristic of the transition zone of the upper mantle.
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Partition of subvolcanic rocks on the geodynamic classes using classification equations based on petrophysical data
Authors O. Shabatura and N. KostenkoSummaryA new approach to the classification of geodynamic volcanic formations based on the involvement of a wide range of petrophysical characteristics of rocks (34 volcanic centres of the Great Caucases and the Precaucases). The geodynamic classes of geological objects are obtained with Pierce geochemical discrimination use as a “training sample”. For their help it have been created a matrix of probabilities each geological object related to geodynamic classes. Next step of analysis is a creation of a petrophysical patterns for each geological object and the mixing of the petrophysical characteristics in feature hyperfield. Linear discriminant functions received by minimizing the classification error and they include a number of standardized coefficients for variables petrophysical characteristics (density, magnetic, thermal, capacitive). These linear fuctions shared a hyperspace of features on regions that correspond to the desired classes (geodynamic groups of geological structures). An accuracy of class assignment to syn-collisional rifting achieve 85%, subduction-collision - 68%. Unclassified objects that do not fall in any class is likely to correspond complex and transitional geodynamic regimes that experienced geological objects in its history.
Thus, the approach may be useful for tasks of geological reconstruction, correlation and comparison, searching of the analogues in other regions, to complement the existing (formational, geochemical) methods of converged geodynamics.
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Petrochemical systematization of late Kainozoic volcanites of Alpine fold-thrust belt of Eastern Europe
Authors N. Kostenko, M. Tolstoy and O. ShabaturaSummaryOn the basis of data comparison with statistical methods direct correlation connections between alcali basalts of the Pannon Depression and the Western Carpathian and their rock analogues of Georgian Massif, acid volcanic rocks of Tyrniauz district of Elbrus region and Carpathian-Dinarian province have been determined. Moreover for normal alcality basalts as well as for intermediate rocks such connects have not appeared on interregional comparison. There are supposed to determine 2 formation types: basalt-andesibasalt-andesithes (basalt-andesithes) and dacythes-rhyolites. Observed gap in composition of explored rocks indicates the interrupted character of petrochemical evolution of mafic-intermediate and acid volcanic buildups and therefore of absence of direct genetic connection between them.
Taking into consideration geological data and results of analysis of discriminate diagrams assumed that basalts have mantle petrogenesis, andesithebasalts and andesithes – mantle-core and so dacythes-rhyolites particularly core genesis.
According to results of petrochemical systematization is defined to be in a region a directional increasing their alkalinity in row of Alpine fold-thrust belt of Eastern Europe: Carpathian-Dinarian The Great Caucasus and PreCaucasus → Western Caucasus → Armenian Upland.
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How geomagnetic field could influence to climate changes
Authors V. Bakhmutov, N. Kilifarska and G. MelnykSummaryThis paper is focused on the hypothesised connection between the main geomagnetic field and climate. Previously we have shown that on time scales from decades to centuries there is a correlation between the changes of the main geomagnetic field and climate in the Northern Hemisphere. But only correlation may not be conclusive evidence of such link, it needs an appropriate mechanism. Below we present one of the possible mechanisms - a chain of cause-and-effect relationship between cosmic rays, geomagnetic field, ozone variations and humidity at the upper troposphere / lower stratosphere (UTLS), which ultimately leads to a change in the radiation balance of the planet and, as a consequence, to long-term changes in surface air temperature.
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Development of dangerous geological processes on the territory of Kiev-Pechersk Lavra as a result of changes in groundwater leve
More LessSummaryDanger, and sometimes serious threat to the existence of architectural monuments represent a radical change in the environment, including geological urbanzation a result of human activity. Intensive intervention in the natural environment, destruction of vegetation, disturbance of surface and subsurface runoff caused the existence of slope erosion and gravitational processes.
The most dynamic element of the geological environment reacts to anthropogenic impact and as a consequence leads to various changes of the geological environment is groundwater.
The condition of the monuments of Upper Lavra influence of physico - mechanical properties and their change under the influence of anthropogenic factors primarily loess loams and loams, lying at the heart of most facilities.
Investigated changes to groundwater levels, their role in formation of engineering-geological conditions of territory of Pechersk Lavra. Major disruption of the natural hydrogeological regime caused by the accumulation of surface runoff and leakage from water bearing communications, a significant inflow from adjacent urban development.
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Methodical issues of investigations with laboratory NMR relaxometer
Authors L. Muravyev and S. ZhakovSummaryPulsed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is one of the most perspective methods for studying reservoir properties of the core samples. This report analyzes the methodological issues of laboratory studies with a portable NMR relaxometer. We propose a method and software for NMR experiment parameters selection, providing the highest level of the observed signal. Reliable experimental data obtained by NMR study of cores can increase the accuracy of the reservoir properties analysis and the estimation validity of hydrocarbon deposits reserves and their recoverability.
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Geomagnetic field and magnetic lineaments of the Southern oil and gas region of Ukraine
Authors M. Orlyuk and T. RozyhanSummaryThe analysis of the anomalous magnetic field of Southern oil and gas region of Ukraine using modern geophysical technologies was done. Schemes of regional and local magnetic lineaments of the study area are completed. The analysis of histograms of their strike azimuths shown that in the study region is dominated linear structures with submeridional and sublatitudinal trends. Submeridional trends of magnetic lineaments are characteristic for the East European Craton and due to likely presence of relevant fault zones that extend from the Ukrainian Shield. Sublatitudinal magnetic lineaments agreed with trends of the East European Craton border, Paleozoic and Mesozoic sutures and accompanying structural elements that are associated with the formation of the transition zone to the Black Sea megadepression. The available diagonal strike azimuths of structures have subordinate values. Delineated magnetic lineaments in the future will be used to predict oil and gas deposits in region.
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Comparison of methodological approaches to calculation of coal reserves on example of input data requirements
More LessSummaryComparison of classifications features for reserves and resources of coal deposits on example of National regulations and Australian Guidelines for Estimation and Classification of Coal Resources was carried out. We analyzed main evaluation parameters of quality and quantity of coal reserves and factors that define their commercial value. It was established a sufficient level of compliance with these parameters. It was defined that object’s assignment to a certain group of the classifications is not always exact, and must be assessed in each case according to available geological information. In guidelines, which are compared in this paper, main features of the classification are following: level of geological knowledge, commercial significance (or appropriate modifying factors assessment) and the extent of the feasibility study. Main differences between these standards of evaluation of reserves and resources of coal are justification of reliability of the assessment parameters. For this object requirements for direct statistical analysis and geostatistical modeling of deposits are used in international practice.
The practical significance of this analysis is to facilitate geological and economic evaluation of coal deposits, which are explored in different standards of geological study.
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Pipeline monitoring using remote sensing
Authors I. Zinchenko and I. TishaevSummaryThe purpose of this work is to identify potentially hazardous zones of pipelines using remote sensing methods of monitoring and provide recommendations for further explorations.
It is known that about 50% of all accidents caused by human interventions that can be easy detected using optical methods. The other half of accidents occur due to movements of the earth’s surface and corrosion of pipes, which can be detected using radar sensing. Therefore authors chose optical and radar sensing for monitoring.
In 2011, there was an accident on a transcontinental gas pipeline in Argentina - resulting in depressurization of the pipe. After the incident retrospective monitoring of emergency area was made, which confidently showed the presence of anomalies on the pipeline right of way directly over the place of future accident.
Nowadays, traditional methods of pipeline monitoring use helicopter based inspections and cost about 1000 euros/km. The current high price of images with high resolution, especially taking into account the typical minimal scene size (50 km2), make monitoring quite expensive.
To reduce the cost of monitoring, authors developed an optimal algorithm for condition control of pipelines.
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Prospects of using reclassification in GIS ArcGis for creation of maps of predicted suitability in geology
By D. KovalSummaryThe article identifies the opportunities and prospects of using GIS technology in geology, such as using the reclassification instruments in ArcGis for creation of maps of the predicted suitability. Here explained the theoretical basis and the possibility of its use in different geological situations. The article presents one of the models created with such tool.
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The automatic identification of dip of rocks by Remote Sensing of the Earth
Authors O. Pylypenko, I. Tishaev and Zatserkovny VitalySummaryThis work is dedicated to identification of the dip of rock by Remote Sensing of the Earth. Given theoretical information and examples of practical implementation of the proposed method, the high effectivity during solution the problem of Structural Geology is shown. There are listed conditions of the use and limitation, which are imposed to this method.
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Monitoring of Yellowstone supervolcano based on remote sensing research
Authors E. Uglitskih and I. TishaevSummaryThe main objective of the work is the analysis of phenomena and processes caused by volcanic activity of Yellowstone in recent years. The research focused on the study of land subsidence under supervolcano (vertical change).
The main method of research is radar interferometry - a method that uses as the effect of interference of electromagnetic waves and allows to obtain quantitative characteristics of the planned and vertical displacements of the Earth’s surface.
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Quantitative modelling of Earth satellite gravity data for Cooper-Eromanga basins (Australia)
Authors I. Pap and I. VirshyloSummaryInvestigated the regional geological structure of the territory within Cooper-Eromanga basins (Australia) and Earth satellite gravity data (altimetry) which produce interpretation of major structural elements that determine the overall gravity field. The analysis of relationships between anomalies and structural elements of the basins was conducted by using map of the modern relief and structural horizon maps of surfaces. The main structural horizons of this territory are Patchawarra, Cadna-Owie and Tirrawarra. As result of spatial-correlation analysis were researched the main trends anomaly of gravity field. The most intense anomalies of gravity field have mainly northeast direction, which are, associated with major trough structures. A quantitative assessment of density distribution within the lithosphere was carried out by gravity inversion.
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Modeling of longitudinal and transversal wave diffraction on 2-D anomaly density heterogeneity of hierarchic structure, located in the N-layered elastic medium
Authors O.A. Hachay, O.Y. Khachay and A.Y. KhachaySummaryOur paper is devoted to developing an algorithm of acoustic effect modeling in a frame of frequency-geometrical method for research the anomaly dense elastic inclusion of hierarchic structure located inside the horizontal layered medium with the same elastic parameters. The iteration processes allow determining, according to given elastic parameters inside the embedded elastic layered medium and density anomaly linked with the hierarchic heterogeneity, the space-frequency distribution of the seismic field components on each hierarchic level. Comparing the developed expressions, we can make a conclusion that by constructing a joined seism-gravitational model without taking into account the anomaly influence of the stress-deformed state inside the inclusion, the analyze of the anomaly acoustic effect with use the information about distribution the longitudinal wave shows that it is more sensitive than the acoustic effect of the transversal wave linked with the geometrical morphology of the inclusion. These expressions show that we cannot neglect the influence of the elastic parameters of the embedded medium of the seismic model, because they effect on the values of calculated densities by interpretation. Therefore if we shall use these values by constructing the gravitational model, they will not correspond to the matter content of the researched medium.
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NMO velocity ellipse in group and phase domain
Authors A. Stovas, Y. Roganov and V. RoganovSummaryThe NMO velocity ellipse is originally defined in group domain. We extend this definition to phase domain, derive the azimuth transformation equation and perform the mutual conversion of NMO velocities between phase and group domain. The conversion equations are followed by their analysis.
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Experience of Using NMR Technology for Exploration of Hydrocarbon Deposits
Authors P. Ivashchenko, E. Bakai and A. YurchukSummary“Institute of Geophysics and Problems of the Earth, Ltd.” (Kiev, Ukraine), has developed, patented and been applying in practice for more than 10 years the innovative NMR technology of direct detection of hydrocarbon reservoirs at a depth of up to 5 km without interpretation. Absolute data of deep magтenic resonance sounding are especially in demand during sharp plummeting of oil prices since it significantly reduces exploration risks while saving the exploration budgets of companies.
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Manifestation of plastic deformation waves in the rocks structural changes
Authors P.S. Martyshko, V.A. Pyankov and A.L. RublevSummaryFeatures of macroscale localization of plastic flow are considered in relation to the stage character of work hardering. It is shown that macroscale localization of plastic flow at the stages of work hardering can be described as an autowave process of self-organization. Hardening processes are manifested as an increase of the dislocations number and decrease of grain size in the rocks.
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From structural data to 3D thermal model: an example from the northern North Sea
More LessSummaryA 3D conductive thermal modelling has been performed in the framework of the Crustal Onshore-Offshore Project (COOP project). This has been done in order to understand the regional thermal pattern beneath the northern North Sea and adjacent areas of the Norwegian mainland. The lithosphere-scale 3D model has been used as a realistic approximation of the geometries of the sedimentary infill as well as of the underlying crystalline crust and lithospheric mantle during the 3D thermal modelling. Construction of the 3D model has been done by use of recently published/released structural data and the model has been validated by a 3D density modelling which has been carried out by use of the software IGMAS+ (the Interactive Gravity and Magnetic Application System). The 3D thermal modelling has been performed by using commercial software package COMSOL Multiphysics. Results of thermal modelling within the upper part of the 3D model indicate that the mainland is generally colder than the basin areas. This regional trend of temperature is mostly related to the low thermal conductivity of sediments which increases heat storage within the areas covered by thick sedimentary cover.
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An offshore-onland transect across the NE Black Sea (Crimean margin): evidence of Cenozoic two-stage compression
Authors Y.Y.S. Sheremet, M. Sosson, G. Ratzov, G. Sydorenko and Z. VoitsitskiySummaryIn the tectonic evolution of the Black Sea (BS) there are several unsolved questions: 1) the timing of the BS opening and 2) the timing of the Cenozoic shortening of the northern margin of the Eastern BS (EBS) basin. Mainly, the age-frame of the main compressional deformations is assumed as Oligo-Miocene, related to the Greater Caucasus (GC) basin inversion. The Crimean Mountains (CM) is one of the key areas to fix the tectonic evolution of the BS therefore, we focus on an integrated onshore/offshore transect from the Eastern CM to the Sorokin trough (north of EBS). We used newly collected stratigraphic and structural data from the Eastern CM, and a new interpretation of multichannel seismic lines. We define 1) the seismic stratigraphy and constrain the relative chronology of deformations, 2) the age of seismic units by correlation of the seismic data with the Subbotina-403 well log, and 3) we construct an on-and-off shore transect of the Eastern CM - North of the EBS region. Our results evidence a polyphased compression: 1) during Paleocene-Earliest Eocene and 2) the one starting during the Oligocene-Miocene. Normal faults appeared to be related to flexural bending, instead of evidencing the EBS Cretaceous rifting.
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The interpretation of spatial and temporal distribution of radon high-amplitude variations based on Goldin’s model
Authors P.S. Martyshko, V.A. Pyankov and A.L. RublevSummaryUsing the dynamic features of the Goldin’s model with dilatant strengthening inclusion, we have developed an original method of tectonic events forecast. The methods of short-term earthquake prediction and some results of mathematical modeling of the processes of fracturing in lithosphere are constructed. General scientific methodology of short-term prediction is formulated including two sufficient conditions increasing probability of the forecast of seismic event according to author’s opinion. The implementations of factor analysis method for radon variations are proposed.
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Экономичная технология низковысотной беспилотной аэромагниторазведки и ее геоинформационное обеспечение
Authors A.V. Parshin, V.S. Kanaikin, A.V. Blinov and A.O. MikhalevSummaryСовременный уровень поисков и доразведки рудных месторождений требует создания новых методов получения геоданных, способных повысить эффективность поисково-оценочных работ в условиях сложной ландшафтно-морфологической обстановки. Одним из таких методов может являться низковысотная беспилотная магниторазведка. Рассматривается авторский подход к созданию аэромагниторазведочного комплекса, характеризующегося минимальной стоимостью создания и эксплуатации, и при этом позволяющего получать данные необходимого для поисков промышленно значимых объектов качества. Комплекс рассчитан на работу в условиях сильно пересеченного рельефа, включает мультироторный аппарат с магнитометром и геоинформационные средства для создания полетных заданий и обработки данных съемки. Применяемая методика обработки данных, позволяющая выделить рудные объекты в плане и при необходимости решить обратную задач, рассматривается на примере модельного месторождения с золотоурановой и пирротиновой минерализацией.
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Incomplete Data Production Techniques in GPR Research and Applications
More LessSummaryGPR data are used for analyzing, processing, visualization and interpretation of the underground archeological and other structures. The accuracy of underground structures depends on the completeness of GPR data collected from search area. Due to some search area properties such as uneven surface, presence of archeological and other structures on the surface, etc. collected data become incomplete and inadequate. Another problem is related to the size of search area. Collecting the data with small profile intervals from large search area is costly and time-consuming. In order to contribute to solve these problems this work proposes an approach to produce incomplete GPR data and new profiles with small intervals. Proposed approach consists of three stages. At the first stages, incomplete data and new profiles are produced on the base of original profiles using standard and proposed nonstandard interpolation techniques. At the second stages, produced profiles are compared with original GPR profiles. Finally, at the third stage, the most effective interpolation techniques are defined. Obtained results showed that the proposed interpolation techniques increase the accuracy of underground structures.
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Full acoustic waveform inversion in a pml-truncated tunnel environment
Authors K. Musayev, S. Oezalp, K. Hackl and M. BaitschSummaryPrediction of geological changes, such as caverns, fault zones, weakened zones, etc., ahead of a tunnel is crucial for the safety of the tunnel, the structures above it, and the tunnel boring machines in the case of the mechanized tunnelling. Enough number of boreholes can give an insight of the geological structure below the surface. However, too many boreholes, which are very costly in terms of both time and money, are usually needed to scan the geological structure of the ground. To avoid the high cost, looking ahead of the tunnel is usually done by carrying out a seismic survey. In this work, full waveform inversion (FWI) of the acoustic waves is used in a tunnel environment to predict geological changes in the domain. The aim of FWI is to find such an optimal computer model that matches with the field waveforms with all arrivals and amplitudes of the waves. To have a proper inverse model, the first step is to have a precise forward model. One of the crucial issues in forward wave modelling is the existence of the artificial boundaries which are treated by absorbing boundary techniques. For this study, perfectly matched layer (PML) technique is applied to have sharp absorbing boundaries at the spurious edges.
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Stress concentration near bore-hold in clayey viscoelastic rocks
By B.P. MaslovSummaryTo predict long-term durability parameters of such complex and potentially dangerous structures as, for example, the dams, geological disposal of nuclear waste etc., a new enhanced mathematical model of clayey rocks behavior is suggested. With the aim to generalize known computational methods of elastic geotechnical analysis to the time-dependent problems the behavior of viscoelastic argillites is considered. The microstructure of argillites is supposed to be known in terms of chemical constituents, size and volume concentration of inclusions. Clayey rock is considered as heterogeneous materials composed of clay matrix, quartz, calcite, and clay minerals. The influence of mineral compositions on rheology parameters is evaluated. Constitutive model for the time-dependent behavior can be applicable under complex 3D load conditions. The computer model of time-dependent behavior of nonhomogeneous argillites is constructed, and concentration near elastic inclusions and on the surface of bore-hold in clayey rock matrix is calculated. The viscoelastic solution in the time domain is determined from the solution in the Laplace-Carson domain through performing the computational inverse transform. As an example, the problem of determination of creep deformation and stress relaxation near bore-hold boundary in argillite settlement is analyzed with finite element methods. Some evaluation of durability parameters is done.
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GPRVis: New Software for Analyzing, Processing, Visualization and Interpretation of GPR Data
Authors R. Samet, E. Celik, E. Sengonul and S. TuralSummaryExisting GPR software do not satisfy the needs of users in parallel with the increasing tempo of GPR use in archeological and other research and applications. Needs of users cannot be met with using any one of existing GPR software. Users should use more than one software to meet their needs. In order to meet these needs of users this study proposes new software, named GPRVis, for analyzing, processing, visualization and interpretation of GPR data. GPRVis has four modules: data analysis, data processing, data visualization, data interpretation. In scope of this study, a case study using GPRVis was presented. Obtained results showed that GPRVis can meet all kinds of requirements of users in high accuracy.
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Global and local stochastic optimization in effective elasticity tensors evaluation
By A. KozubalSummaryAim of this paper is to evaluate effective elasticity tensors. These leads to finding closest counterpart (in Frobenius distance function meaning) of given generally anisotropic elasticity tensor in every of the seven nontrivial, material symmetry classes. Without a priori orientation, that distance depends on orientation of the tensor and optimization problem became highly nonlinear. Hence, two optimization engines were analyzed: Stochastic Recursive Algorithms (SRA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO).
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Neogene submarine rock sliding and development of mass transport deposits in the Ukrainian sector of Black sea basin
Authors O.A. Kitchka, A.P. Tyshchenko, V.I. Lysenko, O.M. Bezkhyzhko and I.I. IshchenkoSummaryFull range of structural settings and related features of extensional, translation and compressive domains of the submarine mass transport deposits (MTDs) has been recognized by thematic interpreting of the regional 2D seismic data covering Ukrainian deepwater area in the Black Sea. At the same the time the Sarmatian breccias synchronous to deepwater MTD known under local name heraclites are described and studied in the SW Crimea in the rock cliffs of the Heraclean Plateau south of Sevastopol. This study links the rapid pulses of the Black sea level fall in the Middle to Late Miocene epoch accompanied by erosion of the shelf break areas and formation of submarine incision valleys, dissociation of gas hydrates, slope failures and large scale submarine rock downslides triggering shallow quakes and tsunamis.
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