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18th International Conference on Geoinformatics - Theoretical and Applied Aspects
- Conference date: May 13-16, 2019
- Location: Kyiv, Ukraine
- Published: 15 May 2019
101 - 142 of 142 results
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Reconstruction of seismic DSS crosssection of the VI geotravers and detaling of velocity characteristics of the earth crust in the gravity Bandura srtucture
Authors D. Lysynchuk, L. Farfuliak, K. Kolomiyets and O. KolomiyetsSummaryThe paper proposes reinterpretation of digitized seismic hodographs of geotraverse VI (on the distance 440–520), and further calculation of the velocity model using tomographic inversion in order to clarify the deep structure of the Pobuzkyi mining-ore district (PMOD) of the Ukrainian shield (USh), which is characterized by various mineral complexes of crystalline Precambrian rocks.
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Some aspects of resource model validation
Authors N. Bariatska and N. SafronovaSummaryFor modeling and resource estimating of mineral deposits, control of the correctness the resource model is very important. There are a lot of methods for identification and elimination critical errors, including the application of incorrect methods in modeling and resource estimation. Geological objects, in particular mineral deposits, are highly complex, so a model created on the basis of a limited set of data cannot be true. It should reflect the individual properties and parameters with enough sufficient to solve actual practical problems. It can be achieved using an optimal set of verification procedures at different stages of creating a resource model.
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Petrophysic model for determin clayness of rocks by the results of complex geophysical researches
Authors V. Fedoriv, S. Bagriy, I. Piatkovska, Y. Femyak and A. TrubenkoSummaryThe work is devoted to solving the problem of determining the clayness of reservoir rocks with complicated cross-sections carboniferous deposits at Narijnianske gas-condensate field. The results of determination clayness according to laboratory and well geophysical studies are considered. To solve the problem, a comprehensive approach is proposed regarding to use the results of acoustic, neutron and gamma-gamma-density methods. Petrophysical models of interconnection mass clayness with rock density and porosity coefficient were constructed. . As a result, it has been established that mass clayness practically do not affect to the volumetric density of rock. A spatial model of roof productive horizon C5 at Narijnianske gas-condensate field was constructed.
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Geomorphological and geological causes of landslide processes within the Krosnien structural and facial zone (Ukrainian Carpathians)
Authors O. Ivanik, V. Shevchuk, V. Yanchenko, D. Kravchenko, S. Pikul and A. MazkoSummaryGeological and geomorphological factors of natural hazards within the Krosnien structural and facial zone (Ukrainian Carpathians) have been defined. Principal impact of rock lithology, geomorphological structure, underwater regime and tectonics on the landslides formation is described. The research confirmed a special role of the tectonic factor and the presence of weak zones in the development of mass movements. Weak zones are characterized by fracturing, brecciation, bedding of flysch deposits and contrast in permeability. Assessment of the stress-strain state of the slope of complex geological structure has been proposed. The phenomenon is described as thermoelastic-plastic equilibrium of the isotropic matrix under effect of applied mass (gravitational field of the Earth) and surface efforts, inhomogeneous stationary temperature field. In addition, it was assumed that the Young modulus at each point of the matrix depends on the water saturation.
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Geographic Information Systems in Management Activity
Authors O. Fedchenko, I. Pampukha, P. Savkov, V. Loza, M. Nikiforov and R. KoltsovSummaryIn a modern competitive environment, the decision makers should actively apply new technologies in their activity. One such technology is the geographic information system that allow to integrate spatial and attributive information. The authors consider basic foundations of the management decisions support based on geographic information technologies.
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Enhancement of the spatial resolution of the land surface thermal field imagery based on the multispectral data coupling from various space systems
Authors Ya. I. Zyelyk, S. V. Chornyy and L. V. PidgorodetskaSummaryThe methodology has been developed for enhancement of the spatial resolution of the land surface thermal field imagery, based on: the satellite images coupling in the visible, thermal and radar ranges into the single multispectral data product; the regression models of the images relationship constructing; the regression classification of the multispectral data product on the base of machine learning performance. The methodology is implemented in the open cloud platform Google Earth Engine using the Earth Engine API and the software scripts created in the JavaScript language with the processing of multispectral image collections of various space systems at specified time intervals. The possibility of practical synthesis of the pseudo-thermal image with the enhanced spatial resolution of 10 m based on the thermal image with the resolution of 100 m and the multispectral composite with the layers resolution of 10–30 m is shown. Extension of the methodology scope to monitoring of the high-temperature objects with internal heating sources (fires, geothermal phenomena, etc.) requires further research in the direction of joint use of the Landsat-8 B6, B7, B10 infrared bands data. Require further development and research the calibration methods of the proposed regression mathematical models and validation of the synthesized images with high spatial resolution.
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Analysis of orthogonalization and smoothing methods for vectorization of raster data
Authors S. G. Volkova and Y. A. KrucheniukSummaryThe combination of automated cartography and GIS meets the most pressing needs of society. Cartography studies carried out in recent years in the field of computer cartography show that one of the priority areas was the creation and improvement of geographic information systems designed to collect, systematize, process, evaluate and issue multiple mapping and specialist information at the request of a large number of users. In the GIS for various purposes, a lot of information about the Earth is integrated on topographic, thematic, digital and electronic maps, city plans, space images and other materials. The constructed models of maps that increase the efficiency are presented in the form of cartographic information.
As a result of the performed research, a method was developed that determined the sequence and construction of models with average, linear complexity relative to the raster area with an effective increase in the stability of image defect s. Submitting source information about an object in the form of, algorithms of vector, object, linear and regional GIS objects, the basis of which are models of primary raster images. focused on their practical use in developing raster data vectorization systems.
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Use of geoinformation technologies in tasks of water objects pollution monitoring
Authors L. V. Plichko, V. I Zatserkovnyi, O. E. Nikolaenko and I. V. BaidaSummaryThe topical issue today is the problem of the effectiveness of the use of geo-information technologies for monitoring of water objects pollution, since ecologically clean rivers and lakes are a prerequisite for ensuring stable and safe water supply for the population. The paper suggests using Python software to process aerospace images taken from Landsat 8 satellite. Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) index was also considered for studying of water objects condition.
The paper considers the use of the Normalized Difference Water Index - NDWI to determine the presence of water objects in the image using the above-mentioned program. This software allows you to save processed images in the correct format.
The satellite method of observing the environment, proposed by the authors, allows us to follow the changes taking place on the surface of the Earth, using space images. The feasibility of using software that allows the processing of aerosp ace data is presented. The use of the NDWI index to determine the availability of water objects, to determine the turbidity and overall ecological status of reservoirs has been certified. A comparative analysis of two images using the index has shown that in the second case, the water object looks brighter and more appropriate to use for further studies.
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Formation, distribution and movement of groundwater on the territory of compacted building in Kiev city
Authors D. Chomko, O. Koshliakov, O. Dyniak and I. KoshliakovaSummaryThe hydrogeological conditions of the construction sites are assessed and the general regularity of formation, distribution, and movement of underground water within the construction sites and the adjoining territory in connection with the technogenic influence are studied. A roadmap for modeling geofiltration processes is proposed, which enables to substantiate the mathematical model and to perform predictive modeling with sufficient accuracy.
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The one-dimensional material model of the continental crust
Authors I. V. Pap and I. V. VirshyloSummaryThe research is about constructing a new algorithm for spatial modeling of the solid composition of rocks, which is consistent with the results of geophysical, petrophysical and geochemical studies.
The basic geophysical methods used to solve a complex inverse problem are deep seismic sounding and gravimetry. The determination of probability distributions is carried out by statistical processing of the results of geological and geochemical studies for the material composition and the introduction of confidence intervals for the results of geophysical research. This gives the main advantage over classical methods of inversion with optimization - to avoid the possibility of obtaining geologically meaningless solutions.
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Modern geoinformation systems in seismoacoustic investigation
Authors А. Lukiyanchuk, P. Savkov, І. Pampukha and O. MatskoSummaryThe article deals with the providing of information to the Armed Forces of Ukraine about the local area and objects. The detection of the enemy coordinates is one of the tasks of remote passive investigation. It is necessary to accelerate the process of implementation of geoinformation systems as a component of new generation military information systems. The topicality of the research is determined by the combination of the possibilities of information collecting and processing on the terrain with hydrometeorological, operational-tactical, intelligence information. It is necessary to develop geoinformation systems during the combat operations planning and units control in the Armed Forces of Ukraine.
Geoinformation systems (GIS) enable the creation of information products that provide information that accurately meets the needs of the user. A three-dimensional display of a local area from a particular point of the observer's location or a virtual tour of the terrain with a battlefield situation will provide better understanding of the task to the commander of any level than just a paper map with objects showed on it. GIS technologies integrate spatial data from a large number of sources at all levels.
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Modeling of dynamics of activity of mudflow processes on the basis of some factors of influence
Authors T. Chepurna and T. LabchukSummaryThe series of mudflow activity and factors are analyzed for the linear dependence between random variables inside the series by using auto regression functions. Models of auto regression in the form of correlograms are constructed. Periodicity is checked with the help of constructed periodograms by the method of spectral analysis. With the aid of correlation and cross-correlation analyzes, the interaction between mudflow activity and factors is traced. As a result of the construction of the crossover regimes of the series of mudflow activity and precipitation at the Rakhiv meteorological station, it was concluded that there is a synastic phase between the rows. By shifting for 10 years of the time series of solar activity, the maximum synapse between rows is achieved. It is logical to assert that on the basis of the existing information on the peaks of solar activity and the amount of precipitation, one can conclude that elevated mudflow activity is increased. The equation for long-term mudflow activity, based on the known values of the annual amount of precipitation and solar activity, is derived.
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The analysis of the connection between capillary pressure curves and acoustic properties of sedimentary rocks
Authors O. Krasnikova and S. VyzhvaSummaryThe results of the analysis of the connection between capillary pressure curves and acoustic properties in samples of sedimentary rocks are presented in this paper. The collection of sedimentary reservoir rocks consisting of 8 samples was analyzed. Investigation included determination of density, porosity and permeability, electrical resistivity, and velocities of elastic waves. Capillarometric studies using a centrifuge have been performed. The research showed that capillary pressure curves provide valuable information on pore size distribution and allow determining the contribution of free and combined water in cavities. Joint analysis of capillary curves and graphs of changes in the velocities of elastic waves at centrifugation allows us to more fully understand the processes of propagation of elastic waves in a multicomponent environment and to specify models of reservoir rocks.
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Comparison of the methods for reservoir properties evaluation and prediction of permeability by the void space structure of the reservoir rocks (on the example of the West-Shebelynska area)
Authors V. V. Antoniuk, I. M. Bezrodna and O. Ye. PetrokushynSummaryWhen evaluating the reservoir, it is extremely important not only to determine the porosity & permeability but also to understand the fluid flow through the reservoir.
According to a complex of laboratory studies of reservoir rocks from the West-Shebelynska area (interval depths 4929–5380 m), the authors are compared the methods of assessing the reservoir properties. It is shown that the estimation of the void structure and the hydraulic flow units allow locating promising intervals to the same extent. Using multiple linear regression, the relationship between permeability and different types of voids are established.
Correlation dependence between the reservoir quality index and the total volume of secondary voids and fractures are built. It is established, that fluid filtration in the studied samples occurs mainly through the secondary voids and fractures.
Key words: reservoir rocks, fluid filtration, hydraulic flow units, void structure.
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On the issue of predicting the activation of EGP in the Transcarpathian region
Authors E. Kuzmenko, T. Chepurna, L. Shtohryn, I. Chepurnyi and Ye. MatviiSummaryGIS-based prognostic information systems enable modeling of landslide and mudflow processes and effectively predict their development. The openness of such systems involves the continuous addition of spatial and temporal information, as well as taking into account new patterns of factor influence. A multistage analysis of time factors of landslide and mudflow-activity is conducted. The existence of a connection between the long-term rows of observations of flood and landslide processes has been proved. Analysis of new data on observations of solar activity and the amount of precipitation allowed us to make an assumption about the need to recalculate the previously obtained integral indicators of the probability of occurrence of landslide and mudflow phenomena. An extrapolation of the previously obtained complex integral temporal index of landslide and mudflow activity was performed by three methods: the average predictive values were calculated. It was establishe d that the beginning of the activation of dangerous gravitational processes is 2021. The highest probability of activation in 2023 was obtained.
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Estimation of the heavy metal pollution for the soils and different environmental objects within the solid domestic waste landfills
SummaryThe comprehensive geoecological study of the area closed to the north-western Landfill №5 for the municipal solid waste disposal shows the ecologically negative impact on the environment. It is determined that the existing soils are affected by the significant geochemical transformation. They are characterized by the considerable accumulations of the heavy metals (HMs). In comparison with the conventional pure soils the soil contents of Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr and Pb are 8, 12, 3, 2, 17 times more, respectively. As a result of soil pollution by HMs the number of mobile forms of these metals is increased: for Zn – 4, Ni – 5, Cu – 6, Pb – 8 times.
The anomalous high HMs pollution for the bottom deposits is identified: for Zn – in 800 mg/kg that is 14 times more than maximum allowable concentrations (MAC); for Cu – 150 mg/kg that is 4. 5 times more than MAC. Average Pb content there exceeds its MAC and is equal to 72 mg/kg. Therefore, the bottom deposits have the hazardous level of pollution.
It is shown that the elements of considerable accumulations in grass vegetation are Cu, Cr and Ni at the biological absorption coefficient more 2. 0.
The physical and chemical studies of surface waters show that the contents of microelements (F, Cr, Ni, Cu, Fetot. and Pb) there don't exceed the MAC, but they are higher than the background values. The comparison of the average chemical composition for the ground water samples from the wells of the Landfill area and the regulatory standards indicates that the standard general sanitary criteria for pollution level of these waters belong to the middle and high levels with the considerable exceeds of the MACs for Fe and Ni.
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Classification of urban tree species based on seasonal traits using time series of multispectral satellite data
Authors A. Kozlova and V. HermaniukSummaryTrees are considered as an important component in urban ecosystems, providing both aesthetic views and many ecological benefits. Therefore, accurate classification of tree species in urban environments has become an issue of current interest. The purpose of the presented study is to derive a methodological framework to analyse time series of intra-annual multispectral satellite data for accurate classification and mapping of urban tree species and mixed groups using their extracted seasonal traits. Conventionally, it can be divided into two stages. The first stage is devoted to the extraction of urban tree species seasonal traits obtained from SVI time series and refinement of training data sets. The second one is concerned urban tree classification itself using any single multispectral from the acquired time series of satellite imagery. The proposed methodology was applied to classify tree species within Pushkin Park and the park of Kyiv Polytechnic Institute. T he main output data product representing map of the tree species and their mixed groups for 12 recognized tree species. This research demonstrates that seasonal traits extraction from time series of intra-annual multispectral satellite data is very promising for classification of urban tree species and mixed groups.
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Applying the models of soil screening and organic carbon content in the soils of Ukrainian Polissia based on the vegetation indices
SummaryThe paper presents the results of the research on the use of screening models with the nutrient remains of grain crops and organic carbon amount in the soils of Ukrainian Polissia on the basis of vegetation indices; the appropriate algorithms for remote diagnosis have been developed.
As a result of the research it was found that the models developed in the previous research are acceptable to determine the level of the earth's surface screening with plant remains of grain crops and the organic carbon amount in the soils of Ukrainian Polissia.
It is shown that the developed algorithms for remote diagnosis are regarded an effective instrument for monitoring the content of organic matter in soils.
The values of vegetation indices within their limits are determined according to the results of the pixel calculation of the soils screening and the classification made (in percentage): <25 (low),> 25–50 (average),> 50–75 (increased),> ; 75–100 (high).
The ranges of indices values for light-gray, gray and dark-gray soils are 0. 24 - 0. 77, 0. 26 - 0. 79, 0. 28 - 0. 80 for the MSAVI index and 0. 23 - 0. 77, 0. 25 - 0. 79, 0. 27 - 0. 81 for the NDVI index respectively.
It is determined that the average indices values for the podzolic sandy soils on the loess sediments, depending on their screening level are: for the low – 0. 26, average – 0. 36, increased – 0. 63, high – 0. 79.
It is found that the remotely determined level of organic carbon content in the soils on the test plots reflects the level of their fertility only within the limits of low (<25%) and average (> 25–50%) screening with cereal crops remains. It is determined that the organic matter content in light-gray (PDe) and gray (GRh) podzolic soils with low screening of plant remains (<25%) is most distinctly diagnosed. The corresponding predominant content of organic carbon is up to 0. 5% and 1. 0 to 1. 5% respectively. It is also deter mined that the optimal and the boundary levels of soils screening as for the possibility to carry out a qualitative remote diagnosis of organic carbon content in the soils are found in the interval 0–25%. It is shown that the spectral image of pixels is noticeably transformed with increased screening, first of all, due to the effect of greater amount of plant remains. Therefore, with the increase of the plant remains amount the diagnosis of organic carbon content in the soils begins to decrease.
The developed approach and the algorithm of diagnosing the organic matter content in the soils of agricultural lands in Ukrainian Polissia is proposed to be used as an effective tool for remote monitoring its reserves.
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Model of geomagnetic – climate relationship
Authors V. G. Bakhmutov, G. V. Melnyk and N. A. KilifarskaSummaryThe changes in the main geomagnetic field (according to the IGRF model) and climatic parameters during the 20th century are analyzed. The space-time relationship between them is revealed, its regional and global features are highlighted. The possible mechanism of geomagnetic field influence on the Earth's climate is proposed. It begins with the modulation of cosmic rays by the geomagnetic field and the formation of ozone O3 in the lower stratosphere through ion-molecular reactions. The variations of the temperature near tropopause (through variations of O3 at this level) change the amount of water vapor in the dry part of the upper troposphere / lower stratosphere, thereby affecting on the planet's radiation balance. This influence is unevenly distributed throughout the world due to the heterogeneity of geomagnetic field control of energetic particles entering the Earth's atmosphere. The differences in this effect are shown for the Northern and Southern hemispheres.
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Design of digital hydrogeological models for the territory of the Stebnyk deposit of potassium salt
Authors L. Davybida, E. Kuzmenko, B. Karpinskyi, S. Bagriy and I. ChepurnyiSummaryThe analysis of the hydrogeological conditions of the territory of the Stebnyk deposit of potassium salt was carried out. On the basis of the processing of groundwater levels observations, digital models of the level surface of the gypsum-clay hat soles aquifer were created as at 2004 and 2017, as well as the mapping of the groundwater level anomalies. The obtained models made it possible to assess the dynamics of the surface depression development within the area of mines No. 1 and No. 2 during the last decade, to outline the main current trends of groundwater movement for the studied territory, as well as to estimate the probability of the groundwater communication towards the mine No. 1.
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Estimation of the seasonal leaf area index in urban oak forests using Sentinel-2 time series data
Authors A. Kozlova, I. Piestova, L. Patrusheva, M. Lubsky, A. Nikulina and M. SvideniukSummaryThe purpose of the presented study is to investigate seasonal relationships between field-measured LAI and satellite-derived spectral vegetation index for oak communities on the example of the forest parks in Mykolaiv city. Furthermore, possibilities of quantitative mapping of vegetation amount in the investigated urban oak forests are explored. Data were collected during the vegetation period 2018 in a city park (in Mykolaiv, which is located in Ukraine's steppe. To cover the main stages of oak's seasonal development, LAI data were measured from the end of April until the end of October in 2018 at 21 installed sample plots. For estimating the LAI of the oak forest park six seasonal NDVI images obtained from Sentinel-2 time series data were used. It was foun that, the LAI-NDVI relationship is poor during periods of maximum LAI. Considering data obtained during the leaf production and leaf senescence periods for all years enables to achieve strong regressions, w hich character is non-linear. The LAI estimation for the study site is showing the good coefficient of determination (R2=0. 795), with RMSE=0. 196. The received regression relationship is could be proposed for LAI estimations and mapping of oak forest stands all over the region.
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Comparison of global gravity field databases for the territory of the Magadan region
Authors L. A. Muravyev and I. M. HasanovSummarySeveral global databases of gravitational field anomalies obtained by merging terrestrial, altimetry-derived, airborne and satellite gravity data are currently available to researchers. The maximum degree of spherical harmonics currently achieved for these models is 2190, which corresponds to a spatial resolution of 10 km and allows using this data for regional density modeling. The presence of several models, differing in the source data and methods of their processing, necessitates the choice of the desired model, applicable for the study of a particular region. Our efforts are aimed at comparing these models in the territory of the Magadan region, known for its significant gold potential.
The comparison of datasets showed that these global models could be used as initial data for constructing density models of the deep structure of the lithosphere. The free-air anomalies for the EGM2008 , GECO, EIGEN-6C4 and EGM2012 models in the selected territory practically coincide. The Bouguer anomalies of the EGM2012 model can be used as an alternative to land and aerial surveys, of no data available or to equalize their values for different surveys.
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Comparison of global databases of magnetic anomalies for the Magadan region
Authors L. A. Muravyev and I. M. HasanovSummaryWe performed a comparison of global databases of magnetic anomalies currently available online: EMAG2v3 and WDMAM2 on a fragment of the territory of the Magadan region in Far East of Russia. These data sets are compared with the results of aeromagnetic surveys and the GraviMag database. Global models of the anomalous magnetic field can be used as initial data for constructing magnetic models of the deep structure of the lithosphere on a regional scale. However, for more detailed work, it is preferable to rely on the data of aeromagnetic and ground surveys, the spatial resolution of which is much higher. Also, the data of global magnetic models can be used for leveling of the results of aeromagnetic surveys of different areas.
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Soil contamination specificities of elementary landscapes various types within urban areas
By A. BuninaSummaryThe behavior of some heavy metals (Mn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cd) in soils within the Mariupol city was analyzed. Elementary landscapes various types with different migration conditions have peculiar trends in the field of removal and accumulation of substances were revealed. Such soil parameters as texture and pH play an important role in the transit and accumulation of heavy metals. Using this parameters let us more precisely established transit quality and barrier functions of elementary landscapes on the ways of secondary redistribution of heavy metals from the objects of their initial deposition.
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Time analysis of geodynamic displacements based on observations of GNSS stations as a factor in the development of landslide processes
Authors Ye. V. Matvii and I. V. ChepurnyiSummaryIn addition to geological, tectonic, geomorphological, geophysical, meteorological, hydrogeological factors, the development of landslide processes and their activation in space and time are also influenced by the modern vertical and horizontal movements of the earth's crust. They can be monitored according to GNSS stations, whose network is developing intensively in Ukraine. The time series of vertical and horizontal geodynamic displacements on the example of GNSS data of stations “Uzhhorod” and “Lviv”, located in different geodynamic conditions, are analyzed. Correlation analysis of the interconnection of time series of displacements by different vectors between the indicated stations is done. With the help of the apparatus of mathematical statistics - correlation and spectral analysis, periodic patterns were detected in the specified time series, in particular, the expected 12-month periodicity in the displacement of time series was found, wh i ch is obviously due to meteoclimatic factors. In order to determine the influence of meteoclimatic factors in the long run, a correlation analysis between meteoclimatic factors and vertical and horizontal displacements has been carried out
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Optimization of geological study's degree for iron ore deposits at mining exploration
Authors M. Kurylo, O. Plotnikov and V. StapaySummaryProbabilistic nature of geological information is usually not taken into account in the geological and economic assessment of deposits to the full. This is main reason of non-confirmation of the quantity and quality of ore reserves. As a result, it can lead to non-compliance with extraction and production plans, expected quality and composition of minerals; it worsens economic indicators of mining enterprises and lead to economic losses.
A theoretical analysis of economic losses of mining enterprises of Ukraine is carried out. It is reviewed losses which are realized as a result of errors in determining geological parameters of iron ore deposits. The optimal levels of geological information probability at the geological and economic estimation of balance reserve are determined. The principles of economically expedient degree of mining exploration for iron ore deposits are theoretically justified.
The economically optimal level of geological parameters prec ision should be determined separately for each deposit (even within the same genetic type) and be based on the main patterns of error of geological parameters and dependencies operational losses on geological information probability. The economically optimal level of geological information probability varies for each deposit within fairly wide limits and depends primarily on the complexity of the geological structure of the ore deposits.
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Nephrite and its natural stone imitations
More LessSummaryThe research focuses on studying the chemical composition and mineralogical features of nephrite imitations by means of XRF analysis.
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Comparison of seismic processing software (RadExPro, Promax)
Authors R. Petrokushyn, T. Szabó and D. BezrodnyiSummaryThe main steps of seismic data processing in different software are compared in this abstract, including: data input, geometry assignment, frequency analysis, velocity analysis and basic stacking procedure. The main aim of the abstract is to show the difference between RadExPro software (Radexpro company, Russia) and Promax software (Halliburton Landmark, USA).
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Comparison of Vertical Electric Sounding, resonance acoustic profiling and ground-penetrating radar survey informativeness for investigation of engineering geology conditions of metropolitan in Kyiv
Authors A. P. Chernov, A. V. Danilov and S. A. VyzhvaSummaryIn this paper, results of Vertical Electric Sounding (VES), resonance acoustic profiling (RAP) and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) survey are represented. The aim of investigations was identification of the higher moisture areas in the rocks, zones of tectonic fracturing and other geological elements, which can influence on the exploitation process of underground constructions of the metropolitan. Geophysical survey was done along the underground railway between the stations Ipodrom and Teremki in Kyiv, Ukraine. All methods are informative for investigations of engineering conditions of the territory and supplement results of each other. Methods VES and RAP help to trace big structural components of the territory and zones of irrigation. GPR method is informative on shallow depth (up to 7 meters) but helps to trace layering more precisely and localize shallow areas of water saturation. On the results of RAP, along the tunnel between stations Ipodrom-Teremki, water saturated and water-bearing zones were identified. These zones influence on tunnel construction and exploitation of the objects. These three methods are informative for regular monitoring of existing objects and while construction.
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Statistical assessment of geological risks on the example of BIF deposits
Authors M. Kurylo and O. PlotnikovSummaryGeological risks express the probability of confirming quantity and quality of reserves during the further reserves exploitation. Most of Ukrainian BIF deposits are exploited so geological risks as a result affect the mining profitability. In domestic practice, statistical risk assessment is carried out in determining the complexity of the geological structure. Most of evaluation objects (BIF deposits within Kryvyi Rih region ) belong to 2 or 3 group of complexity. Geological parameters in such groups are characterized by variations above 40%.
The study object was one of BIF deposits within Kryvyi Rih region which is exploited for iron concentrate and pellets production. Statistical analysis of quality and quantity parameters was done for Fe common grade, Fe grade associated with magnetite, thickness of ore bodies, processing indicators (Fe grade in concentrate, Fe extracting level, output of iron concentrate and pellets). It was defined that largest values o f variation and associated risks are characteristic of Fe grade associated with magnetite and thickness of ore bodies with variation coefficient 0. 26 and more 0. 8 respectively. Processing indicators (especially Fe grade in concentrate, Fe extracting level) are relatively stable. The most sensitive indicator to changes in ore grade is output of iron concentrate and pellets.
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The new paradigm of earthquakes radon precursors
Authors V. A. Pyankov and A. L. RublevSummaryA new paradigm of earthquakes radon precursors and its consequences is proposed. An attempt has been made to overcome the paradoxical situation, when, with a half-life of radon Rn of 3. 82 days, precursors of earthquakes with a duration of several months are considered. It is proposed to consider the crust as a non-uniform permeable moisture saturated environment in which Rn is carried by a pore fluid.
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On the errors of spatial visualization of digital data in gravimetry
Authors Y. Dubovenko and O. ChornayaSummaryPurpose of thesis is to present some notes on guided interpolation for optimal digitization of maps. When visualizing the large volumes of geophysical data, the interpreter encounters the anomaly identification problem. The source of the ambiguity of the formal visualization of the data is its reduction onto a regular network. Large amounts of data, interpolated “by default”, give the unreliable distributions. The image of useful signal is distorted when the gravity field is poorly differentiated or has anomalies of a gully type. As a result, the array of interpolated data differs from the real data distribution. Further transformations of an array will distort the geological content of the data.
Approach proposed is to choose properly an interpolation technique and to adjust its parameters truly. A 3D surface with minimal distortion relative to the original map is obtained by kriging and modified Shepard's methods. But pairwise comparison of gridding techn iques on simulated gravity datasets, based on the minimum degree of deviation of the contour maps generated showed another output.
Results of the application of 12 interpolation techniques in Golden Software Surfer to the gravity data and their linear transformants are studied. The visualization of real gravity data with a gradient distribution of anomalies is ambiguous, especially for the noised data. Its quality depends on the data density, network geometry, the level of survey errors, and the nature of the anomalies. The image closest to the real field was obtained by the techniques of minimal curvature and radial basis function.
Practical value of the fine tuning of the interpolation procedure is proved. The data visualization should be carried out using guided interpolation, including the calculation of interpolation errors and derivatives of the gravity analytical model.
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To the question of the detailing of electrical field anomalies caused by current leakage from pipeline damage
Authors Ya.M. Globa, M.V. Reva and V.I. OnyshchukSummaryAs a result of the aging of the layer of protective insulation of buried pipelines, which occurs under the influence of external factors, in the protective layer may occur places where the insulation is broken so that there is a leak of electric current under the influence of the protective potential of the pipe. Such damages are recorded by measurements of the distribution of the pipe-to-soil electric potential (Ups) along the pipeline and the so-called “transverse and longitudinal gradients” of the electric field, which represent the difference of the potentials ΔUMN, measured by MN line with the size of 5–10 m, oriented across and along the pipeline route. A rather important task is to assess the degree and size of damage. Solving this problem is reduced to the solution of the inverse problem of electrometry for abnormal fields created by sources of different structures - point, linear or superficial. For this purpose, known methods of quantitative interpretation can be used, based on analytical relations for the differential characteristics of fields – the potential and its transverse and longitudinal gradients. For the application of these methods it is necessary that the actually measured characteristics differ little from their theoretical differential analogues.
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About conditions of applicability of point current leakage model for the interpretation of anomalous fields which were caused by linear damage of pipelines
Authors Ya.M. Globa, M.V. Reva, V.I. Onyshchuk and I.I. OnyshchukSummaryThe simplest type of insulation damage of buried pipelines is point damage. For its electric field there are relatively simple express-interpretation algorithms that allow determining both its depth h and the current leakage strength I. In practice, frequently occur other types of damage - linear and superficial nature, for anomalous fields of which the interpretation algorithms more complicated. At the same time, depending on the ratio of the sources depth and their sizes, there are possibility to apply simple express methods for the interpretation of their fields, which are peculiar to the point sources fields. In this paper were executed analysis of conditions for applying the point source field model to interpret the anomalous field caused by current leakage from linear damage.
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The processes of rocks hardening and its manifestation in magnetic and magnetoacoustic characteristics (Denezhkin Kamen massif)
Authors V. A. Pyankov and A. L. RublevSummaryThe results of the three-dimensional interpretation of profile curves of the magnetic fields are presented. The Denezhkin Kamen massif is represented by agglomerates of blocks with different magnetic characteristics (magnetic susceptibility, remanent magnetization, magnetoacoustic emission). They consist of three general blocks: dunite, pyroxenite and gabbro. We find the most acceptable solution by changing the parameters of the magnetic model. The most interesting results were obtained in the separation of the magnetic field of ultramafic massif Denezhkin Kamen (Polar Urals). For example, in the rock layers of variable inclination dunite block is selected, the magnetization direction of which changes from subhorizontal in the top to the vertical in the lower Earth's crust. Analysis of the spatial distribution of the magnetization vector of dunite suggests that the entire western block of rocks has been deformed in the evolution process from the horizontal to subve rtical occurrence. The dynamic model of hardening of rock massifs is presented. We have shown that as a result of deformation of the three-layer inhomogeneous model dislocations are developing, which lead to the hardening of rock and are manifested in anomalous magnetoacoustic emission.
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Application of methods and software-algorithmic means for simulation of geological objects constructed in the absence of a priori information
Authors I. P. Dolinskiy, A. A. Haharin and A. P. LobasovSummaryThe work is devoted to the problem of 2D-modelling under the conditions of wide spacing and irregular distribution of initial data. The prior information is also inaccessible. In this case the determination of additional points by the method of linear interpolation on the triangulated area is proposed.
The work is illustrated by modelling results obtained in the terms of this method.
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Computer and experimental modeling for creating wave technology for intensification of hydrocarbons production
Authors I. I. Denisyuk and A. P. GorovenkoSummaryWe consider the problem for determination of the velocity fields in pores in order to achieve effective acoustic load in porous layer. In solving the problem were used differential equations that describe the movement of laminar viscous fluid in the cylindrical pore channel. When the acoustic effect on the speed layer viscous fluid in the pore channels formation reaches the largest values in a frequency ange depending on the size of these channels. The pulsating motion of fluid in the pore channels ccompanied by compression waves, alternating dilution and seepage. In order to study the effect of acoustic waves on the filtration of viscous fluid, the stratum kernels have been developed and manufactured in experimental plant. The installation consist of: a gas ballon, a reducer, a resiver, a kernel holder with a fluid, a piezus and a kernel, precise scales for fixing the mass of the filtered liquid. In the pressure region up to 10 bar, the linear dependence of the mass of the filtered fluid on the pressure near the kernel, engine oil was used, the kernel was from the sandstone. Effective emitters can be loops and radiators Lanzhevena. The obtained results are of practical importance for the development of promising methods for intensifying the production of hydrocarbons by the action of acoustic waves of the formation.
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The mantle disruptions by P-waves velocity gradients analysis under East of Ukrainian Shield
Authors P. I. Pigulevskiy, L. A. Shumlianska, Yu. I. Dubovenko and V. K. SvystunSummaryA new approach for the mantle boundaries definition based on the successive velocity derivatives calculations is tested. New velocity gradients distributions were obtained for the two megablocks of the Ukrainian Shield, namely Middle-Dniper and Azov megablocks and its neighborhood. An analysis of the distribution of velocity gradients of P-waves within the upper mantle in the depth range of 50–650 km was made. It results in the identification of a series of additional gradient velocity boundaries. These boundaries lay within the framework of the three structural horizons of the upper mantle (under ~ 200– 300 km, ~ 410–500 km, and ~ 600–650 km). Meanwhile, it is untimely to draw any clear conclusions on their geological nature. We should do checking the stability and resolution of the approach before by the independent seismological methods, including the methods of reflected waves, whose resolution is independent of wavelengths.
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Irregularity of lithospheric stress as a result of plates structure
Authors D. B. Vengrovich and G. P. SheremetSummaryResearch of stress distribution in earth crust is one of actual problems of geophysics and geoinformatics. It is important for understanding of mechanisms of tectonic movements of Earth's plates and seismic manifestations of the release of such stresses in the form of earthquakes. In projects such as “World stress map”, maps are built, showing the orientation of maximum horizontal compressional stress. These ones are concentrated mainly in the collisions of oceanic and continental plates and have a very uneven distribution in amplitudes and directions. In view of traditional plate tectonics based on theory of continuous medium for the description of lithosphere deformation it is difficult to explain these irregularities. We suggest to give such explanations on the basis of views of the lithosphere as the structured environment. According to the modern concepts such structured plates can be described by a set of interacting blocks which compression causes localization of tension along chains of consistently located blocks in the direction of compression. Maximum tension in places of collision will be concentrated in the certain places (created by chains of tension in oceanic plate) . We modelled such scenarios of the collision in experiment with use of the photoelastic analysis and in numerical modeling by the finite-element method. Results qualitatively match and it confirms the hypothesis of specific interaction of plates of Earth's crust as block structured medium.
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Improved DEM algorithms for numerical modeling of geophysical processes in a block media
Authors V. V. Kulich, I. M. Hubar and K. V. DitkivskaSummaryAn important area of geoinformation researches is the creation a software packages for modeling different tasks of the dynamics natural media and technological processes. Recently, a new direction for numerical simulation of processes in structured media with the help of Discrete Element Method (DEM) is developing. Many packages are known and used in this direction: with open code - Yade, LAMMPS, LIGGGHTS and others; commercial packages – ITASCA(PFC3D, 3DEC), Rocky, EDEM and others. For example, new results were obtained in modeling by similar methods tectonic processes, halokinesis and seismic processes. We developed the computer program CuBluck for DEM modeling of three-dimensional processes in a block media consisting of cubes. Results on modeling of subduction by using the approach to the lithosphere as to a block medium were obtained. The behavior of the block environment under the influence of static and dynamic loads was investigated. Numerical modelling of shear processes in a granular medium was performed.
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Neural network model field of the time of the first entrances of seismic waves of Ukraine
Authors O. Herasymenko, M. Lazarenko, N. Ostapchuk and L. ShumlianskaSummaryIt is proposed to use the seismic data of the DSS on the territory of Ukraine to build neural network models of the seismic signal arrival times field, which allows the construction of longitudinal wave hodographs along arbitrarily oriented profiles in regions where do not have seismic observations. Also this possible use to correct the velocity section using one from methods of the inversion of hodograph. A comparison is made of simulated arrival times of longitudinal waves with those that were recorded on the territory of Ukraine. Parallels have been made between the modeling of the time field from meridional and latitudinal sources with the propagation of stresses, which external indenters create on the territory of Ukraine. At the same time, regional fault zones were reflected in the residuals of the time field. This shows that the artificial field of time, modeled by the neural network, is reflected in the real tectonic division of the territory of Ukraine.
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Modelling of nonlinear waves propagation in the block structured Earth's lithosphere
Authors D. B. Vengrovich, I. V. Belinskii and V.A. LemeshkoSummaryThe report contains formulation of the problem and experimental modelling results on propagation of nonlinear pulses in Earth's lithosphere. We consider the lithosphere from the point of view of the dynamics of model structured media. In One-dimensional representation we use for this purpose the chain of steel balls with the same diameter of 41.25 mm. The wave-pulse perturbation in the model is generated by the different speeds impact of one steel ball on the rest of the chain of balls. The Strike ball is mounted on the pendulum mechanism console and the impact force depends on the angle of deflection of the pendulum. It is known that during the propagation of such a shock pulse along chain it is transformed into a soliton-like pulse (compacton) after 4 elements of the model. We assume that such nonlinear solitary waves can be generated directly in the earthquake sources. Then they are transformed into seismic waves, spreading from the epicenter. The goal of the research is to test the hypothesis of the transformation of this nonlinear solitary wave into a seismic wave in cases of using in the structured lithosphere modeling more realistic medium models as opposed to the ideal chains of spherical granules. For this purpose, part of the chain is filled up with sand to simulate a medium that absorbs part of the nonlinear perturbation energy in the chain of granules. The use of special piezoelectric sensors and a dual-channel oscilloscope TDS-210 allowed us to study the spread of nonlinear wave in the model. We have made a parallel physical experiment and numerical modeling for verification of results.
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