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Second EAGE Workshop Practical Reservoir Monitoring 2019
- Conference date: April 1-4, 2019
- Location: Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Published: 01 April 2019
1 - 20 of 28 results
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4D/4C Practical Interpretation at the Valhall Field: Dealing with Technology Change, Seismic Imaging Challenge, and Complex Subsurface on a Mature Field
More LessSummaryThe Valhall chalk field has been a pioneer for seismic technologies. This giant oil field, on production since 1982, has subsequently seen its subsurface revealed by 2D seismic in the 70's, first streamer 3D seismic in 1992, 3D OBS imaging with both PP and PS events in 1997, then 4D seismic with ultimately the installation of a permanent array on the seafloor in 2003. With 19 ocean-bottom surveys acquired since 2003, the subsurface team has a very dense imaging of the field activity, hence the name Life Of Field Seismic. Global economic constraints have also been influential in the strategy for the field development, but with the constant concern of maintaining safety and quality. Recent years have indeed seen the transition from the use of the permanent array to nodes acquisition. Beyond this technical geophysical challenge, the present paper will focus on the use of the latest 4D/4C seismic, the full field strategy, and highlight some practical challenges linked to the nature of the seismic data (time-variance and data size).
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The Effect of Deghosting on the 4D Response: Usan Field, Nigeria
Authors P. Agnisola, R. O'Driscoll, P. Smith, D. Chu, E.E. Assiak, C. Ugwueze and P. UkerunSummaryNo summary available
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Reservoir Monitoring Using Semi-Permanent Ocean Bottom Nodes
Authors P. Sack, S. Shimizu, M. Katagiri and Y. WataraiSummaryAdvances in computing and energy technology have enabled a new generation of geophysical instrument to fulfil Life of Field Seismic type survey programs without the need for large upfront capital investment. These Semi-Permanent Ocean Bottom Node instruments reduce the risk for both the asset owner and contractor while enhancing the benefits and reducing the environmental impact of legacy methods.
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Kashagan Oilfield Microseismic Monitoring
By S. FilippiSummaryGüralp has successfully installed 11 stations comprising borehole seismometers broadband around the Kashagan oilfield in the Caspian Sea in order to monitor both naturally occurring seismic events in the area and possible earthquakes induced by production activities managed by NCOC. The network operates in real-time by using digitisers connected to satellite modems capable of providing connectivity in order to remote control of the instrumentation. Güralp continues to produce quarterly reports for NCOC containing detailed information about the network state-of-health, list of detected events and their nature.
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Combined Surface and Cross-hole Electric Tomography for Reservoir Monitoring
Authors P. Dell'Aversana, R. Servodio, E. Rizzo, F. Bottazzi and P. CappuccioSummaryIn this paper, we introduce an integrated electric/electromagnetic methodology for mapping the dynamic resistivity variations during hydrocarbon production, injection and well intervention. Our approach combines surface and cross-hole measurements and allows obtaining time-lapse models of 3D resistivity distribution between the wells and the surface. The discussion is focused on 3D and 4D inversion of cross-hole DC (Direct Current) measurements, combined with surface-to-borehole DC data. Modelling and inversion of both synthetic and laboratory data confirm that joint cross-hole and surface DC tomography allows mapping reservoir fluid variations even in case of metallic components of the well completion.
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Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) for Monitoring CO2 Injected into a Pinnacle-Reef Reservoir
Authors L. Grindei, M. Kelley, A. Modroo, M. Mondanos, M. Farhadiroushan and T. ColemanSummaryA large-scale carbon capture and storage (CCS) research project has been carried out by Battelle in cooperation with Core Energy LLC to evaluate the feasibility of sequestering CO2 into carbonate reef formations. The study area is located in Otsego Country, Michigan, USA, where Core Energy LLC utilizes CO2 injection for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in Silurian pinnacle reefs. Novel monitoring tools such as distributing acoustic sensing (DAS) offer promise for monitoring CCS operations, and a time-lapse 4D DAS vertical seismic profiling (DAS VSP) seismic survey was carried out to assess the technology's applicability for delineating and tracking injected CO2 in a carbonate reservoir. Two 3D DAS VSP surveys were acquired 16 months apart; between the first (baseline) and the second (repeat) survey 86,000 tons of CO2 had been injected. Preliminary analyses of the time lapse DAS VSP data indicates that fibre-optic distributed acoustic sensing can be used to characterize the CO2 footprint inside carbonate reservoirs.
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Practical Reservoir Monitoring Using Distributed Acoustic Sensor with Engineered Fiber
Authors M. Farhadiroushan, T. Parker, S. Shatalin, A. Gillies, Z. Chen, A. Clarke and G. NaldrettSummaryDistributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) technology enables advanced geophysical measurement methods, where the fibre optic cable is deployed as a dense, wide-aperture phase-array sensor in novel configurations. A sensing system has recently been developed that combines an engineered fiber, incorporating bright scatter centers, with a low-noise, wide dynamic-range optoelectronics DAS interrogator. This new DAS sensing system with engineered fiber offers a 20dB (100x) improvement in sensitivity and a wider dynamic range compared to that achieved with standard fiber. The step-change in the performance seeks to disrupt conventional geophysical surveying methods by combing seismic, microseismic and low frequency strain measurements, and so enabling a practical method for reservoir monitoring. In offshore applications, the permanent installation of the fiber optic along production and injection wells is enabling more frequent and cost-effective seismic data to be acquired. The next challenge is stepping out to subsea wells. We present some initial lab results demonstrating the benefits of the engineered fiber for advanced seismic acquisition in long-tie back subsea wells using only surface optoelectronics.
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Practical Frequent Reservoir Monitoring
Authors K. Wang, P. Hatchell, A. Mateeva, D. Kiyashchenko, Y. Duan and J. LopezSummaryAs a proven technology, 4D seismic has become a key component in oil and gas field surveillance that provides areal monitoring of subsurface changes, such as fluid movement, compaction, undrained fault blocks, and bypassed hydrocarbon. To monitor rapid changes in fields that involve complex recovery schemes (e.g. injection), frequent 4D seismic is highly desirable. In recent years, we made great effort to develop low cost 4D technologies to realize practical frequent reservoir monitoring. The field trial results and deployment examples are shared, and opportunities for further improvement are discussed in this paper.
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Seabed Seismic Sources: Are they Feasible? What is the Business Case?
Authors G.F. Watts and E. BouvartSummaryIn 2018 a study took place looking into the feasibility of using seabed seismic sources for permanent seismic monitoring offshore. This paper summarises the results of the study and presents an outline business case for seabed sources.
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A Tiered Approach for Maximising the Value of Noisy 4D Seismic Data in a Carbonate Reservoir
Authors L.J. Wong, H. Amini and C. MacBethSummaryDespite the perceived challenges, 4D technology has added value in development of the hard carbonate reservoirs in Campos basin. However, extracting such value from 4D seismic data in Field-X was not a trivial task. Very poor repeatability in this field cast doubt on the 4D interpretation driven solely by seismic data analysis. To maximise the added value of the time-lapse data in development of the field and constraining the simulation model, we followed the tiered approach proposed by Amini & MacBeth (2018). Here, several tools were used to assess the reservoir connectivity based on the production data. The 4D seismic response was also examined through modelling and inversion exercises. Assimilation of the production data and the refined 4D attributes enabled us to design a metric to assign a confidence flag to each of the 4D anomalies. This increased the value of information derived from a noisy dataset, as well as the confidence level towards its interpretability.
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Results from a Multi-Faceted Surveillance Program at the Giant Ormen Lange Gas Field
Authors J. Brain, T. Noble and M. GlegolaSummaryOrmen Lange is Norway's second largest gas field. The key uncertainties for field management and late life development are aquifer influx and reservoir compressibility. Seismic data quality over the field is extremely challenging and expected seismic changes due to production were predicted to be small. Therefore, a multi-faceted program of reservoir surveillance was planned, consisting of seismic, gravity and seafloor geodesy. Combining and calibrating all the recorded surveillance data has given us a rich dataset for interpretation and has provided crucial information on lateral connectivity, compressibility and water movement.
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Time-lapse Study in the Western African Offshore: An Integrated Study
Authors B. Webb, C. Rizzetto, M. Marchesini, N. Colombi and V. MilluzzoSummaryIn this paper, we discuss a Time-Lapse project over a deep-water field which started with a feasibility study, aimed at assessing the detectability of production effects at the time of the second survey which was not designed for monitoring purposes. It continued with an optimized processing workflow aimed at reducing the differences due to different acquisition surveys. Finally, an inversion study was done as well as interpretation of the time-lapse result and including a correlation with the reservoir model. This study allowed to efficiently and accurately estimate the fluid-flow movements in the field and thus to support the field management.
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A Case Study of Effective Metrics for History Matching the 4D Seismic Data
Authors H. Amini, M. Rodriguez, D. Wilkinson, G.R. Gadirova and C. MacBethSummaryChallenges specific to the utilisation of the 4D seismic data in history matching workflow are discussed.
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Troll Reservoir Monitoring, Optimization of Well Placement and Oil Recovery in a Mature Field
Authors H.C.B. Tengesdal, S. Solbakken and Å. SkålnesSummaryThe Troll Field is one of the most significant oil fields offshore Norway as well as one of the largest offshore gas fields in the world. The field is subdivided into Troll East which is the main gas field, and Troll West, where a thin oil leg (initially 13–27m) is present below the gas cap. The oil from the thin oil leg is produced by means of long horizontal wells. The key to successful well placement is a multidisciplinary approach combining all available data, including 4D seismic. The 4D seismic data is used in combination with other information, such as production history, inflow profiles, permeability, well completion and the geological/seismic models. This allows us to understand the 4D seismic responses and makes it possible to determine from which area a specific well has produced and which sands that are poorly drained. The use of 4D seismic data for well planning and target maturation has over time proven to be a success for Troll. The use of 4D seismic significantly impacts the production from new wells and therefore secure the total oil recovery for the Troll oil field.
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4D Seismic for Late Life Field Development — Example from Balder and Ringhorne Fields
Authors A. Bertrand, T. Veggeland, S. Høgden and R. MusumSummaryThroughout the production life of the Balder & Ringhorne fields, 4D seismic has proven to be a valuable tool and been used extensively: In 2006, 2009 and 2012, monitor surveys were acquired to support the Ringhorne Phase II and Balder Phase III drilling campaigns in target maturation and optimization. In 2017, Vår Energi became operator of Balder and Ringhorne and initiated a major redevelopment plan to maximize the area potential by extensive infill drilling, the provision of additional processing capacity and field-life extension. In 2018, a new monitor survey was acquired to support this new development phase. Results from fast track processing show high repeatability and insightful early observations.
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Practical Monitoring of Seafloor Deformations
Authors P. Hatchell, S. Dunn, A. Parsons, N. Street, L. Leddy, T. Bennetts and C. HammersleySummaryDeformation data are useful to constrain reservoir and geomechanical models and for understanding issues related to the stability of wells and seafloor infrastructure. A number of techniques are now available in offshore environments for monitoring seafloor deformations that provide frequent and/or continuous areal measurements of seafloor horizontal and vertical movements. These technologies should be considered as part of any long-term reservoir monitoring for fields with large subsidence or geomechanical hazards.
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Grane Permanent Reservoir Monitoring: - High Quality 4D Data Gives High Confidence Decisions
Authors R.M. Elde, Z. Zarifi, S. Sinha Roy, T. Andersen and E.H. UvSummaryIn Grane, a 4D monitoring program was initiated in 2005 to map reservoir dynamics. After five bi-annual streamer monitors, a permanent reservoir monitoring (PRM) system was following the footsteps of a successful 4D story (Sinha Roy et. al. 2015) and installed in 2014 (Elde et. al. 2016). By end 2018 nine PRM acquisitions have been completed. The PRM data gives important dynamic information used in understanding of fluid movements, well planning, production management and as input to structural interpretation. These “fresh and frequent” high quality data are actively used to optimize new wells and updating the static and dynamic reservoir models. Fluid movement (i.e. gas) in order of ~0.5m can be observed.
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Harvesting Value from Permanent Reservoir Monitoring on the Snorre Field
Authors S.M. Skogland and C. CourtialSummaryThe use of 4D seismic has a long and successful history on the Snorre field. Several conventional streamer 4D surveys have been shot until 2012, and the use of this data has been described in earlier publications (Aanvik et al. 2009, Fayemendy et al. 2012). The installation of a Permanent Reservoir Monitoring (PRM) system on the complete Snorre field in 2014 was a game changer for the ability to get fresh and frequent time-lapse data with high quality (Thompson et al. 2015). Since the installation in 2014, 8 PRM surveys have been acquired on the Snorre field. This abstract will show examples of how the PRM data give valuable information that are used in both reservoir management, well planning and area development. A special focus is put on the value of the unexpected observations, and their implications for the reservoir understanding.
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Grane PRM: Handling Sparse Acquisition Challenges in Processing
Authors M. Berraki, S. Buizard, R.M. Elde, N. Moyle and A. BerhorstSummaryNine surveys have been conducted over the Grane field since the installation of the Permanent Reservoir Monitoring (PRM) system in 2014. Efficient seismic operations and fast delivery of 4D products to the interpreters are essential components of the PRM solution. The time span of a Grane PRM acquisition and processing cycle is currently about one month. But what happens when the acquisition coverage is much sparser than expected, for instance because of poor weather? Can reliable 4D PRM products still be extracted? We present a processing strategy designed to handle cases where the coverage of the acquired lines strongly deviates from the nominal coverage. Obtained results show that valuable 4D products, consistent with all previous PRM vintages, can be extracted out of such incomplete monitor dataset.
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