- Home
- Conferences
- Conference Proceedings
- Conferences
2nd EAGE International Conference KazGeo
- Conference date: 29 Oct 2012 - 31 Oct 2012
- Location: Almaty, Kazakhstan
- ISBN: 978-90-73834-37-8
- Published: 29 October 2012
41 - 60 of 84 results
-
-
Groundwater Investigation in Hard Rock Using Remote Sensing and Geophysical Methods in an Area of Economic Trees Plantat
Authors K. Wattanasen, S. Arrykul and W. LohawijarnGroundwater in hard rock areas has become increasingly important due to increasing of population, expanding of the city and the industrial sector etc. It is relatively safe from pollution, unlike surface water and shallow groundwater. Remote sensing and geophysical methods have been used for groundwater investigation in hard rock area, Khao Phra sub district, Rattaphum district, western Songkhla Lake. The groundwater will then be used for plantation and consumption. The interpretation of digital elevation model data (DEM) provides the possible lineaments indicating faults or fractures in the subsurface which possibly related to groundwater trapped in hard rock. Three dominant lineaments around the foothill of Khao Keaw Mountain were suggested and 8 profiles with perpendicular to the lineaments were defined to perform ground geophysics surveys. Schlumberger VES suggested that there is a fault locating between the VES measuring positions which locate at the opposite side of lineament. Reflection seismic and resistivity pseudosection data give a topography variation of hard rock that indicates faults or fractures in hard rock. The exactly positions of faults or fractures have been confirmed by the VLF data and their positions will be recommended for drilling test well.
-
-
-
Advanced InSAR Techniques for Landslide Assessment at Regional and Local Scale
Authors A. Tamburini, S. Del Conte, L. Lopardo, C. Malaguti, M. Broccolato, D.C.G. Martelli and P. VescoviSqueeSAR™ interferometry, the latest evolution of PSInSAR™ technology, is one of today’s most advanced technologies for ground deformation analysis and monitoring. It exploits long temporal series of satellite radar data, acquired over the same area of interest at different times, to identify “natural radar targets”, that return stable radar reflections over time back to the satellite, where very precise displacement information can be retrieved. Thanks to its capability in detecting millimetre level displacements over long periods and large areas, SqueeSAR™ analysis can be considered complementary to conventional geological and geomorphological studies in landslide detection and monitoring, supporting also the effectiveness of landslide inventories at regional scale. The availability of surface displacement time series for all the radar targets identified also makes it possible to change the scale of analysis from regional to local, allowing in depth studies into the evolution of single instability phenomena, supporting the design of traditional monitoring networks and even verifying the efficiency of remedial works. In this paper, examples of integration of SqueeSAR™ data with other conventional geological and geomorphological studies at local and regional scale will be presented, pointing up the benefits offered by an integrated approach.
-
-
-
Mechanical Earth Modeling of the Tengiz Field
Authors Z. Katrenov, N. Tlepbergenov, E. Flodin, T. Buchmann and P. ConnollyA 3-D mechanical earth model (MEM) was developed for Tengiz to predict the long-term response of a reservoir to field development. The study aims at understanding the impact of reservoir pressure depletion on reservoir compaction and surface subsidence. Tengiz Field, a deep, super-giant oil field located in western Kazakhstan near the north-eastern coast of the Caspian Sea, consists of Devonian through Carboniferous isolated platform carbonates with an aerial extent of approximately 440 sq. km (Figure 1). The top of the reservoir occurs at -3850 m TVDSS and the oil column is at least 1600 meters. Although the producing formation is deep and the reservoir rocks are competent, minor amounts of reservoir compaction and surface subsidence are nonetheless observed at Tengiz.
-
-
-
A Survey Design Case History Using Complimentary Ray-Tracing and Wavefield Extrapolation Techniques
Authors P. J. Christian, T. Pringle, L. Zuehlsdorff, A. Drottning, G. Brown and B. WebbWe present a survey design and modelling case history showing how complimentary modelling techniques were used to optimize and de-risk a new seismic acquisition programme. A recent discovery sits close to a salt diapir and although not affected by the salt, the towed streamer seismic exhibits a shadow zone. The aim of the study was to choose new acquisition geometry and demonstrate that acquired data could be successfully processed. In the first part of the study we used ray-tracing to assess sub-surface illumination for a number of acquisition geometries including OBC. In the second part of the study we used wavefield extrapolation modleling to create and process synthetic seismic datasets for the existing conventional (narrow-azimuth) data as well as the new OBC geometry. We show how the use of complimentary modeling techniques (RT and WE) enabled us to de-risk a new survey design. While the ray-tracing allowed us to model the optimum sub-surface illumination and provide a multiple-free synthetic dataset, the wavefield extrapolation modeling provided the opportunity to predict the final image quality before and after multiple attenuation. We suggest that the approach adopted will be applicable to many potential surveys where improved imaging and multiple attenuation is a requirement.
-
-
-
Estimating the Probable Range of Recovery from Miscible CO2 Injection in Fractured Media by Experimental Design
Authors S. Mirazimi, B. Rostami and M. KhosraviExperimental design and Response Surface Methodology (RSM), together with Monte Carlo simulation provide an efficient statistical framework to investigate the influence of multiple parameters and their interactions on a response of interest with limited number of simulations, and estimate the range of the response accurately. In the present study, the simulation model for a laboratory experiment of miscible CO2 injection into a matrix-fracture system is used to investigate the effect of different parameters on oil recovery. First, parameters with the most influence on oil recovery are determined by sensitivity analysis. Then in order to quantify the significance of each parameter, the model is employed to produce a response surface via Box-Behnken design, and the recovery factor is approximated as a second-order function of five reservoir and fluid parameters. Finally, the probable range of recovery factor is estimated by Monte Carlo simulation. The results show that the most effective parameters are matrix permeability, core diameter and diffusion coefficients with positive, and fracture permeability with negative contribution to oil recovery. In addition, the most-likely value (P50) calculated for oil recovery from matrix block is 71.6%. Recovery factor drops from 86.3% for the optimistic value (P10) to 55% for the pessimistic one (P90).
-
-
-
Shale Gas
Authors S. Alghasi, A. Khoshkhou and H. FatahiShale Gas is an unconventional type of natural gas; having the same composition as has a conventional one but produced from low permeability sediments, rich in organic matter. In gas shales they usually do not provide adequate pathways for sufficient flow of hydrocarbons into a well. Many still contain large volumes of gas but, because of their low permeability, they are rarely economic. It is certain that new ideas and new techniques will emerge in this field in the next future. Natural gas from shale is developed using horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing. Horizontal drilling; turning a vertical well onto a horizontal plane at a measured depth. This process of intersecting the reservoir horizontally allows the well to have much greater contact with the reservoir. Hydraulic fracturing pumps fluid and sand down a well at high pressure. The pressure causes the surrounding brittle rock to fracture. When the pumping pressure is relieved, the water disperses or flows back to the well and leaves a thin layer of sand to prop open the cracks. This layer acts as a conduit to allow the natural gas to escape from tight formations and flow to the well so that it can be recovered.
-
-
-
Seismic Imaging and Characterization of an Isolated Carbonate Buildup: Tengiz Field
Authors S.D. Jenkins, I. Tussupbayev, E. Iskakov and H. PosamentierHigh amplitude seismic events (referred to as “Mega-Amplitude” events) are observed in a recent Tengiz 3D seismic. Forward models show that Mega-Amplitude events can result from cavernous systems in carbonate rock at Tengiz. These Mega-Amplitude events may result from solution enhancement of fractures via deep-burial corrosive diagenesis, resulting in high permeability fairways. These seismic events correlate with evidence for cavernous porosity in wells including lost circulation, bit drops, open calipers, and cavernous zones on image logs. Identification of cavernous porosity is important for understanding field performance and targeting high-rate wells.
-
-
-
CSP-Method Prospecting of Fracture-Caernous Reservoirs in the Bazhen Formation of the Salym Oilfield
Authors A. Kirichek, G.N. Erokhin, A.N. Kremlev, L.E. Starikov, V.V. Maltcev, S.E. Zdolnik and S.V. RodinThe problem of oil reservoirs prospecting in the Bazhen formation in the West Siberia is exciting and difficult. Exciting - because the Bazhen formation’s oil reserves are estimated up to 7 billion tons and difficult - due to its fracture-cavernous nature. The results of oil reservoirs forecasting in the Bazhen formation of the Salym oilfield are presented. The forecast is based on using scattered seismic waves extracted from the 3D multichannel seismic data by the original CSP prestack migration method. Shown that this approach enables to obtain much more reliable reservoirs forecasting map and reservoirs model than conventional processing and interpretation methods.
-
-
-
Method of Parametric Processing of Reflection (PRO). Current State of Method and Prospectivity for Further Development
More LessMain principles and thery of method as well as results achieved are discussed here. Method PRO developed and published much earlier than DMO, CRS, MF in 1977 aimed to overtake problems of CDP (CMP) method. Most advantage of PRO compared to other above mentioned methods is it's ability to define Vrms for extended range of models.
-
-
-
3D Land Seismic Multisurveys Merge
Authors A. Svetlichny, G. Wittmann and A. KovácsIn recent years the number of 3D multi-survey seismic processing projects has been noticeably increased. This paper discusses some practical aspects of merging 3D land multi-vintages seismics undertaken during the seismic re-processing program in the Northern part of Pre-Caspian depression. The re-processing program comprises of seismic data pre-processing (including pre-stack data merge) followed by Time and Depth pre-stack migrations of four seismic vintages acquired over this area during the period from 1998 to 2006. Since all four surveys have different acquisition parameters the most challengeable issues of merging were related to the different survey’s orientation, different offset/azimuth distribution, significant variations in CDP coverage and CDP bin size.
-
-
-
Towards Fuzzy Hyperspectral Edges – Radiometric Strip Adjustments of AIS Data
Authors M. Pregesbauer, C. Briese, G. Verhoeven and M. DoneusThe radiometric strip adjustment is crucial to obtain a high-quality seamless mosaic and easily interpretable AIS data set. The time-synchronous data acquisition of LiDAR data enables furthermore to calculate the local trend within the flight strips in flat areas. This helps to reduce the disturbing effects caused by changing sensor–object geometry during the data acquisition of neighbouring flight strips. A concept for a rediometric strip adjustment for airborne imaging spectroscopy pushbroom sensor data sets is presented
-
-
-
Coupling Time-lapse Monitoring by Satellite Data and Numerical Geomechanical Models for Reservoir Management
Authors A. Tamburini, M. Minini, A. Higgs, P. Teatini, M. Ferronato, F. Comola and C. JannaVolumetric changes in reservoirs due to fluid extraction and injection can induce either subsidence or uplift which could trigger fault reactivation and threaten well integrity. Surface deformation monitoring can provide valuable constraints on the dynamic behaviour of a reservoir through time. Whatever the surveying technique, the detection of millimetre level surface deformation is required to monitor small surface displacement rates. Mapping surface effects accurately requires hundreds of measurement points per square km which cannot be delivered by traditional monitoring methods without unacceptably large expenditure. SqueeSARTM is one of the most promising valuable and cost-effective techniques capable of providing high precision and high areal density displacement measurements over long periods of time, free of atmospheric artifacts. This accurate information can be used to calibrate geomechanical three-dimensional numerical models. Providing the deformation and stress fields, the models can be effectively used in their forecasting potential to investigate the expected evolution of the ground surface movements, the possibility of fault re-activation and/or fracture generation, the risk well breaking depending on various development plans. Selected case studies will be presented. One of the most recent applications is relevant to the Tengiz giant oil field, Kazakhstan.
-
-
-
Investigating Vertical Land Movements along the Northern Caspian Sea Coastal Area by SAR Based Methodologies
Authors L. Magagnini, P. Teatini, T. Strozzi, E. Ulazzi and U. SimeoniSolonchaks, more commonly known as saline soils, are a soil variety widespread along the northern coastal area of the Caspian Sea. Salts dissolved in the soil moisture remain behind after evaporation/transpiration of the water and accumulate at the soil surface. Detecting ground displacement by SAR-based methodologies is challenging in these regions. Interferometric Point Target Analysis (IPTA) and Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) methods have been optimized to obtain ground displacement rates on salted soils with a nominal accuracy of millimetres per year. The SBAS approach is developed to maximize the spatial and temporal coherence by construction of small baseline interferograms. The IPTA approach extracts deformation signals on point targets by modelling and analyzing their phase value that remains stable in time for all interferograms performed with a common master image. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of both approaches, their limitations and their complementarities through an inter-comparison, on salted soils. We apply SBAS and IPTA on 33 ENVISAT images acquired between 2003 and 2009. Results allow mapping the subsidence within a frame in the northern coast of the Caspian Sea, Kazakhstan. Hence, we demonstrated that this environment is suitable to the application of SAR methodologies.
-
-
-
A Technique of Spectral Mixing Problem Solution
Authors A. Dubovskoy and K.E. ByrneДистанционное зондирование хорошо зарекомендовало себя при решении геологических задач. Одна из ключевых проблем с которой сталкиваются при проведении дешифрирования данных дистанционного зондирования - это спектральное смешивание. В статье предлагается методика для решения проблемы спектрального смешивания без применения сложных математических моделей, разделяющих спектр. Основная особенность методики в последовательном использовании классификации без обучения и с обучением. Методика опробована при решении задачи поиска перспективных зон на территории лицензии месторождения золота.
-
-
-
The Influence of Attenuation on Frequency Component of Seismic Signals
Authors A. Nazari, M.A. Riahi and N. AbbasiThe nature of the frequency response depends strongly on the AVO behavior at an interface. In order to understand and predict the seismic response to fluid saturation for Class IV sands, we performed Synthetic geological models with a hydrocarbon-bearing zone .The synthetic seismic sections were produced by performing offset acoustic ray-tracing in GX Technology’s GX-II 2D forward modeling package based on existing well log information close to the study area, which can effectively model the characteristics of attenuation and frequency-dependent reflection. We use S-Transform time-frequency signal analysis to transform the seismic data centered within a time window to the time-frequency domain and then sort the frequency gathers to common frequency cubes. we observe the characteristics of the seismic low-frequency shadow in the common frequency cubes. Reservoir simulations reveal that the main mechanism of seismic low frequency shadows is attributed to high attenuation of the medium to high seismic frequency components caused by absorption in the hydrocarbon-filled reservoir. After modeling and validation of the technique with synthetic data, seismic analysis supported with SD technologies was performed to evaluate prospects located in real data. Results from a practical example show that it is possible to identify Athe reservoir by the low-frequency shadow.
-
-
-
Analysis of Location of the Intermountain Troughs within the Survey 3-DV - Amur Region, Yakutia
Authors E.A. Kravchenko, A. Salnikov and V.V. TitarenkoThe Eastern Siberia territory is not investigated enough by geophysical methods. Today, we have not a whole picture of geological structure of this region. The seismic explorations on the geological-geophysical survey 3-DV “Scovorodino-Tommot-Khandyga-Myakit” are proceeding since 2008. This article describes results of the data processing which are derived from deep seismic sounding (DSS), (3-DV, southern and central part). The systems of traveltime curves and wavefields t(x, l-const) are obtained by point sounding technique. The purpose of DSS processed data is seismic model. The model illustrates location and relief of a main seismic boundaries and deep faults including the top cloak. Moreover it shows complex block structure of the earth’s crust. Relief map of Siberian Plate Moho-discontinuity was improved by this model. It is shown the Baikal’s type intermountain troughs are confined for deep rift fault which strikes from Baikal Lake ant crosses the survey 3-DV within the deep fault zones.
-
-
-
Application of the Single-probe Fission Neutron Logging (FNL) Method in the Stratum-infiltration Type Uranium Deposits
Authors L.I. Kamenev and O.G. KoshevoyПереход на количественное определение содержаний урана с известной погрешностью обеспечит: - уменьшение необходимых объемов бурения с отбором керна и, соответственно, снижение объемов аналитических работ; - получение количественных параметров оруденения (мощность рудного интервала и массовая доля урана) на участках со сложной геологической ситуацией, где представительный керновый материал для опробования получить практически невозможно (рудовмещающие породы представлены валунно-галечными отложениями и пр.). - оценка достоверности результатов интерпретации материалов гамма – каротажа; - оперативное (в тот же день) получение экспресс информации о параметрах оруденения, обеспечивающее адекватную корректировку процесса буровых работ; - определение остаточного содержания металла в недрах и расчет коэффициента извлечения металла из недр. Таким образом, после завершения изложенных работ, метод КНДм будет включен в основной комплекс ГИС на всех стадиях отработки месторождений, а также при подсчете запасов урана.
-
-
-
Evaluation of Effects of Small-scale Heterogeneities in Dynamic Modelling of Electromagnetic Logging
Authors O.N. Soboleva, B.G. Mikhilenko and E.P. KurochkinaВажнейшей характеристикой любой зондовой системы является возможность высокого разрешения при оценке пространственного распределения удельного электрического сопротивления в геологической среде, окружающей скважину. В силу значительной ресурсоемкости численного моделирования синтетических диаграмм мелкомасштабные неоднородности среды не учитываются. Крупные неоднородные включения (пласты, пропластки) учитываются в модели непосредственно с помощью граничных условий. Проблему разделяют на две: изучение радиальных и вертикальных характеристик. Пространственное же распределение мелкомасштабных неоднородностей редко бывает известно точно и в этой связи часто описывается случайными полями. Поэтому одна из фундаментальных задач при изучении влияния
-
-
-
Comprehensive Interpretation of Logging Data by Means of “Alpha” Software and Artificial Nural Nets
By Y.I. KuchinОптимальная система геологической интерпретации ГИС должна строиться на комплексном использовании детерминистского и статистического подходов, включая как корреляционный, так и классификационный способы
-
-
-
Geomorphology Analysis of Kertasari, Brebes District, Central Java Province; and its Application for Settlement Land Use
Authors S. Paramitha and R. TriandariResearch in Kertasari Area, Brebes District, Central Java Province, is expected to generate recommendation map for settlement land use. Kertasari has varied morphology, but land use in this area is not good enough. Data was collected in the field is used to make geological map and geomorphological map. Then, digital data were analyzed to generate slope map, land wetness map, and land cover map. Research area was classified into four lithological units, they are sandstone-siltstone unit, volcanic breccia unit, claystone unit, and alluvial unit. And it was divided into four geomorphological units, they are Pamedaran Synclinal Valley Unit, Pamedaran Synclinal Hills Unit, Kertasari Denudasional Plain Unit, and Kertasari Alluvial Plain Unit. Slope percentage in research area ranged from 0% to 140%. Wetness rate of research area are: flow zone, seep zone, wet zone, moist zone, dry zone. Land cover rate of research area are: tightly covered zone, moderately covered zone, rarely covered zone, bare land. Overlapping these five maps using GIS software generates recommendation map for settlement land use. It divides research area into four zones: very feasible zone, feasible zone, less feasible zone, and not feasible zone. It is recommended to build settlements in feasible and very feasible zone.
-