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3rd EAGE St.Petersburg International Conference and Exhibition on Geosciences - Geosciences: From New Ideas to New Discoveries
- Conference date: 07 Apr 2008 - 10 Apr 2008
- Location: Saint Petersburg, Russia
- ISBN: 978-90-73781-52-8
- Published: 07 April 2008
1 - 50 of 193 results
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Integrated Processing of Seismic Data Acquired in Transition Zones
Authors N.T. Dergunov, YU.V. Roslov and N.N. EfimovaВ дополнение к стандартной обработке авторы предлагают использовать томографическую обработку первых и вторичных волн, анализ мгновенных параметров и волновой аналог метода ОГТ (изучение дифракторов). В работе приведены примеры опробования этого подхода на материалах, полученных в Обско-Тазовском мелководье.
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Applying Passive Slec Technology to Study the Dynamics of Fluidal Processes on Oil Field Under Production
Authors O.L. Kuznetsov, I.A. Chirkin, A.V. Volkov, B.Y. Meltchouk, A.S. Vorobiev, A.S. Joukov and G.V. RogotskyTo study dynamic fluidal processes taking place during the production of HC it is proposed apply seismic emission (SE) waves instead of reflected seismic waves. SE-waves are generated as a result of changes in the stress-deformed state of fluid-saturated reservoir rocks. Described is a new passive seismic technology – Seismic Location of Emission Centers (SLEC) providing a real-time identification and location of SE centers arising due to dynamic fluidal processes. Presented are examples of applying SLEC on oil fields to map the direction of hydrofrac, advance of oil displacement front, positions of washed-out zones, and residual oil zones. SLEC-technology allows determine basic directions of hydro- and oil flowing, correlation between production rate and SE-parameters. This information can be used to improve the production efficiency.
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Basic Time-spatial Models for Geological Interpretation of Seismic Survey by Svsl Method
Authors O.L. Kuznetsov, I.A. Chhirkin, A.S. Joukov, Y.A. Kuryanov and B.Y. MeltchoukPresented is the integrated analysis of interpretation of SVSL (Side-View Seismic Location) data describing the time-spatial distribution of fracturing of geological formations in various oil-and-gas fields and geodynamic test areas. Based on numerous data established are general regularities of time and spatial variation of the open fracturing of geological formations. These regularities are used to construct the models of geological interpretation of 3D and 4D distribution of fracturing mapped by SVSL seismic method to solve various applied problems of oil-and-gas geology and ecology.
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Localization of Seismic Events by Diffraction Stacking - Applications
Authors D.V. Anikiev, B.M. Kashtan and D.J. GajewskiThe localization of seismic events in space and time has great importance for hydro fracturing and reservoir monitoring. A new passive seismic localization technique by diffraction stacking has been introduced recently. Method has many advantages due to a performance by a modified diffraction stack of the squared amplitudes of the input seismograms resulting in the image section. The source location is obtained from the maximum of the image section. The source time is determined after source location in space. Energy is stacked during the procedure hence very weak events against the background noise could be located. Numerical 2-D tests with high-level synthetic noise give visual confirmation. Another numerical example representing the scattering overburden over homogeneous medium provides great possibilities in application to the real data which is major issue to be solved. In case of badly known velocity model additional stacking over velocity range can improve the result.
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Monitoring of Seismic Activity of Rocks Broken by Chuya Earthquake in 2003
Authors V.A. Kulikov, O.M. Sagaidachnya, K.A. Dunaeva, B.E. Moiseev, A.S. Salnikov and E.A. KhogoevSome results of potentials of seismic methods used for studying the post-event period of the catastrophic earthquake are given. The studies have been carried out for 4 years (2004-2007) on the proving ground of the Chuya trough. We have revealed that the seismic wave field to be observed in the fractured zone differs essentially from seismic exploration standards and determined its basic parameters uniquely characterizing the process of medium consolidation. We have performed in-depth processing of experimental field material and showed that the main information is accumulated in variations of dynamic parameters of seismic records both under conditions of active and passive monitoring. We have distinguished processes of excitation of weak seismic waves by inner perturbation sources.
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Forecast of Crack and Cavernous Reservoirs in Carbonate, Clay and Magmatic Rocks Based on Scattered Seismic Waves
Authors A.N. Kremlev, G.N. Erokhin, L.E. Starikov and M.A. ZverevResults of geological media exploration using scattered waves extracted from multichannel seismic data are presented. The researches are based on original prestack migration method – Wave CDP method, which possesses possibility to construct two independent time sections: conventional image of reflectors and new image of space distribution of acoustic inhomogeneities - diffractors. The last are join with fracture zones – strong sources of scattered waves. Method was testes in areas with carbonate, volcanic and clay rocks.
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Rock Physics Template for Acoustic Modeling and Relations Between Acoustic and Petrophysical Properties
Authors A.V. Korolev and J.V. ProtkovaВ данной работе представлены результаты по моделированию скоростей продольной и поперечной волн на примере месторождений Западной Сибири и Тимано-Печорской провинции. Оценка достоверности полученных результатов выполнена с помощью сравнения с некоторыми методами восстановления продольной и поперечных волн. Было также проведено разделение упругих свойств среды на классы, используя модельные скорости.
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Physical Modeling of Seismic Waves in Porous/fractured Media
Authors N.A. Karaev, Y.P. Lukashin, O.M. Prokator, V.N. Semionov and E.A. KozlovИсследование кинематических и динамических особенностей Р- и S- волн в «больших» физических моделях, включающих пласт с варьируемыми характеристиками пустотного пространства, показало, что (а) наличие изометричных пор и сети гидравлически связанных с ними трещин снижает скорости, амплитуды и частоту проходящих Р- волн сильнее, чем наличие трещин в среде без пор, при сравнимой плотности трещин; (б) на степени расщепления S- волн различия трещинной и поро-трещинной структур порового пространства сказываются слабо; (в) в газонасыщенной поротрещинной среде снижение скорости, амплитуды и частоты проходящей Р- волны сильнее, чем в жидко-насыщенной. Все эти наблюдения качественно согласуются с накопленным опытом полевой сейсморазведки и существующими теоретическими моделями. Однако количественно эффект, зафиксированный на физической модели, оказался сильнее, чем предсказывает теория. Этот результат требует дополнительного изучения.
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Fluid Substitution for Rocks Saturated with Heavy Oil
Authors D. Makarynska, B. Gurevich, C. Arns and K. OsypovHeavy oils are defined as having high densities and extremely high viscosities. Due to their viscoelastic behaviour the traditional rock physics based on Gassmann theory becomes inapplicable. To account for viscoelastic properties of heavy oils we have proposed an approximate fluid substitution scheme based on self-consistent method mixing method known as Coherent Potential Approximation (CPA). This approach is consistent with the concepts of percolation and critical porosity, and allows one to model both sandstones and unconsolidated sand. To test the approach against the known solutions, first, we apply CPA to a rock with fluid pore fill and compare the obtained estimates with Gassmann results. Second, we compare CPA predictions for solid-solid mixtures with numerical simulations. Good match between the results confirms the usefulness of the proposed fluid substitution scheme. We extend the CPA scheme to predict the effective frequency- and temperature-dependent properties of heavy oil rock. We also use viscoelastic extension of Hashin-Shtrikman (H-S) bounds to obtain alternative estimates. The proposed fluid substitution scheme provides realistic estimates of the properties of a rock saturated with heavy oil which lie between H-S bounds.
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Reservoir Average Permeability from Seismic and Log Data
Authors G.M. Goloshubin, D.B. Silin, V.M. Vingalov and G.V. TakkandThe objective is to demonstrate the possibility of reservoir permeability mapping using a frequency-dependent seismic attribute and analysis of log data. The coefficients of normal reflection and transmission of a planar p-wave from a permeable boundary can be expressed asymptotically as power series with respect to a small dimensionless parameter depending on the reservoir fluid mobility. The zero-order terms of the asymptotic expressions do not depend on reservoir rock permeability and are similar to the one predicted by the classical elastic model. The next, first order, term involves a factor proportional to fluid mobility, both for reflection and transmission coefficients. In case of a very thing porous permeable layer (h<<λ) transmitted-reflected slow waves can create a low frequency resonance providing an opportunity for seismic inversion. The functional structure of the first order asymptotic term suggests a frequency-dependent seismic attribute, which is proportional to reservoir fluid mobility. We have derived such attribute from real seismic data and analyzed it vs. log data. We have obtained that the possibility for seismic imaging of the reservoir transport properties, in particular mapping the lateral permeability variations, is realistic.
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Using the Dynamics of Bottom Simulating Reflector (BSR) for Prediction of Gas Hydrate Content in Marine Sediments
Authors R.L. Pevzner, A.L. Volkonskaya, S.V. Bouriak, A.A. Bocharova and V.N. BlinovaAn approach to prediction of properties of gas hydrate bearing sediments basing on the dynamics of seismic waves reflected from the bottom of the hydrate-containing layer (BSR reflection) without well information is proposed. The approach was tested on synthetic data and demonstrated accurate prediction of gas hydrate content in pore space above the BSR as well as free gas content in pore space below the BSR, with the solution being robust to random noise in the reflection amplitude values. The proposed approach was also tested on the real data from the Black Sea. The results obtained (average gas hydrate content of ~43% and average free gas content of ~1.3% of pore space) match to the previously published results from the adjacent areas.
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Amplitude Variations of P-wave Reflection from Thinly Layered Porous Medium
Authors H. Ren, G.M. Goloshubin and F.J. HiltermanIn this study, both poroelastic and pure elastic forward modeling have been performed on reservoir models representing Class 1 and 3 amplitude-versus-offset (AVO) responses. Thin sand layers were periodically saturated with gas and water (White’s model). The reflection amplitude for both poroelastic and elastic models were calculated from the top interface of the thick reservoir and the amplitudes were studied as a function of frequency and incident angle. We found that in the seismic frequency range, the amplitudes for the poroelastic Class 3 AVO model increase when the frequency decreases. This trend is opposite to the elastic modeling result. For the Class 1 AVO model, however, the amplitude versus frequency trend is practically the same for both the poroelastic and elastic models. The numerical modeling results are explained by using White’s theoretical patchy-saturation model. The analysis of the modeling results might explain why soft reservoir rocks that are hydrocarbon saturated have low-frequency seismic anomalies.
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Prospect Ranking with Extended Elastic Impedance Inversion
Authors E. Angerer, W. Kosi and R. SpitzerIn the Vienna Basin bright spots and AVO effects have successfully been used to identify shallow gas bearing sandstone reservoirs. However, in some cases dry holes were drilled into porous clean water sands that also produce AVO anomalies and bright spots. Well log were analysed to evaluate the causes for the observed amplitude anomalies. Reservoir rocks have low Vp/Vs ratios of typically less than 1.8. In the water sands Vp/Vs does not decrease as much. In both cases the formation density is decreased compared to the surrounding rocks. An extended elastic impedance (EEI) inversion was conducted over a pilot area containing reservoir rocks and clean water sands. The aim was to resolve these differences in rock physics parameters in a semi quantitative manner. A robust, amplitude preserving data processing sequence was applied to the available 3D land seismic data set. A key step turned out to be the offset dependent seismic to well calibration. Pseudo Vp/Vs and density cubes were computed that matched the observations at three wells. These volumes were then used to evaluate the potential of several mapped prospects in the area.
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Nonlinear Multitrace Seismic Inversion Using Neural Network and Genetic Algorithm - "Genetic Inversion
Authors I.I. Priezzhev, L.E. Shmaryan and G. BejaranoNew technology for seismic inversion using multilayer neural network (NN) is proposed. Special set of seismic attributes based on offsets serves as an input to the neural network. Logs measured at the well serve as training data. Genetic algorithm and back-propagation are used in NN to calculate weights. This allows implicit derivation of the non-linear operator. The method naturally extends to other logs which have meaningful physical relationship to the seismic data, such as porosity or density.
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The Road to Efficient Wide-Azimuth High-Density 3D Land Vibroseis Acquisition
Authors J.J.P. Postel, J.M. Meunier, T.B. Bianchi and A.D. DepeyrasCurrently most 3D vibroseis crews use two fleets of vibrators in flip-flop mode. The productivity depends on the sweep length and the time it takes to move from one VP to the next. The slip sweep technique is an attractive way of optimizing productivity to a level that can keep the cost of increasing source density within reasonable limits. But nothing is free and the price to be paid is that the data can be severely contaminated by harmonic noise due to the use of long sweeps combined with a very short slip-time. To overcome this problem, a method of harmonic noise reduction known as HPVA (High-Productivity Vibroseis Acquisition) has been developed. This method consists in estimating the harmonic noise in the vibroseis signature so that it can be subtracted. Several crews are now routinely using this technique with three to four fleets of vibrators. Recent 3D tests with 12 fleets of single vibrators also show very promising results which will be presented. Combined with a densification of the source grid, single-vibrator acquisition can bring either an improvement in data quality or an increase in productivity and opens the road to affordable dense, wide-azimuth seismic acquisition in desert environments.
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Advantages of High-density Wide-azimuth Slant Surveys for Steep-dip Subsurface Imaging
Authors A.V. Cherepovski, S.V. Gorbachev and M.V. ShimorinNarrow-azimuth orthogonal 3D/3C surveys impose a strong acquisition footprint on the PP and PS seismic datasets. This footprint is frequently manifested as false amplitude and phase variations in time sections and slices. The distribution of bin attributes can be improved using wide-azimuth receiver templates, especially in combination with slant or zig-zag shot lines. We illustrate the correctness of these recommendations by comparing effective fold and other bin attributes for two wide-azimuth surveys with the same aspect ratio of the receiver template (0.7). One of the surveys is an orthogonal one with the “standard” grid of receiver points (50 by 300 m) and the other survey is a slant one (45°) with a reduced interval between the receiver points (40 by 240 m). We have ray-traced both surveys to compare the synthetic PP and PS cubes and to show advantages of higher density wide-azimuth surveys for illumination of steep-dip targets.
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Seismic Acquisition Experiment in Southeast Turkey
More LessGrowing deficit of hydrocarbons in the world and favourable economical conditions push O&G companies into exploration of new frontiers or reexamining of the known, but under-explored areas. The new exploration program was developed and executed in the Southeastern part of Turkey in order to delineate subtle geological features and, therefore, reduce the risk of well placement. Previous acquisition of seismic data in the area date back to the early 1980s. Having modern acquisition recording system, sources and on-site analysis capabilities made it possible to test recording and source parameters in a timely manner. Well economics in the area precludes from shooting elaborate 3D surveys, so the program design was purposely concentrating on the 2D program. Test program included testing of the geophone arrays, sweep parameters and source energy considerations. Based on the analysis, an optimum acquisition program was developed, which allowed for fast data acquisition in a highly cultivated area, reduced acquisition footprint and, therefore, environmental impact.
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Vibroseis Whitening - Past, Present and Future
Authors A.V. Cherepovski, A.N. Badeikin and M.V. ShimorinThe vibroseis whitening (or application of AGC to vibroseis records before their convolution with the sweep signal) was successfully tested in Russia and abroad at the end of 1980ties by a number of processing companies including GEMOI Neftegeofizika (Naro-Fominsk), KOME Ukrgeofizika (Kiev), and GlavNIVTS of the Ministry of Natural Resources of USSR (Moscow). The efficiency of vibroseis whitening was proved for traveltime processing as well as amplitude-preserving processing using both the field and synthetic data. It was shown that relative amplitudes are preserved with very high accuracy in both directions of the time section in contrast to AGC applied after the vibroseis correlation. Nevertheless, the vibroseis whitening procedure was not routinely used, and even the opportunity to apply it is not available now, since vibroseis correlation is performed directly in the field, and the correlated records only are transferred to the processing centres. In this paper we have attempted to attract attention to the efficiency of this simple procedure and described the previously obtained results as well as new modelling studies using the modern processing and interpretation systems.
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The Role of 3D Seismic Data Reprocessing in Order to Increase the Reliability of Geological Interpretation
Authors Y.P. Ampilov, A. Barkov, Y. Stein and I. YakovlevThe problem of reprocessing of seismic data arise whenever the quality of current processing is insufficient for reliable structure interpretation, attribute and AVO analysis and further geological modeling. The paper presents the case story of reprocessing made to overcome a series of drawbacks of original processing results. It is shown how impedance data derived as a result of inversion of seismic 3D volume helps to control the quality of processing and reveal the details of geological structure of the reservoir.
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Target-oriented Seismic Data Processing in the Vienna Basin - A Key to Improve Imaging Using Vintage Data
Authors R. Spitzer and G. GierseThe present study from the Vienna Basin (Austria) shows the result of different processing techniques in time including (i) pre-stack time migration, (ii) post-stack time migration and (iii) Common Reflection Surface (CRS) processing. Pre-stack time migration was the preferred approach to obtain a high-resolution image of the relatively shallow Neogene section (i.e., 0 ~2.5 km). Post-stack time migration using only the low-frequency components of the seismic signal yields improved images from the deeper Cretaceous and Triassic (pre-Neogene) section at ~2.5 – ~5.0 km depth. Finally, the best image of the complex geological structures in the deep pre-Neogene target area is obtained with CRS processing. Target-oriented data re-processing should be considered as an effective tool to increase the information content of an existing data set. Focusing on the principal attributes of a dataset using robust techniques (e.g., low-frequency processing, post-stack migration approach, etc.) or targeted techniques (e.g., CRS processing) have the potential to reveal information that is not obvious in conventionally processed data.
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Processing Seismic Data Based on the Instant Signal Parameters
Authors I.N. Busygin, S.P. Popov and I.A. GontarenkoIn this paper we are stating conception of seismic data processing using based on vari-ous of instant amplitudes, phases and frequencies. Such way providing by information equiva-lence of signal and it’s instant characteristic. Visual observability and locality of instant pa-rameters allow to build the flexible and time-dependent nonlinear procedures which are oper-ated on the basis of “visual” features of wave field. Simplicity in realization and management of processing differ this approach from wavelet and Fourier analyses of seismic data. In the context of this conception the set of processing procedures was formed. Linear transformation of instant frequency uses for increasing wave direction adaptation of multi-channel procedures and resolution of seismic data. Transformations of amplitude and fre-quency instant parameters uses in amplitude and frequency noise cancellation. Amplitude transformation with saving phase characteristic allow to create signal compression filter and to combine parametritic and wave information on a section. Instant vector which build on temporal and spatial instant frequency uses for correlation waves and adaptation algorithm to wave fields feature. Instant phase adaptive correction filter increases coherence seismogram but don’t distort it dynamics.
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Automatic Suppression of Acquisition Footprints in Seismic 3d Data
Authors A.V. Masjukov, V.V. Masukov, V.I. Shlyonkin and G.V. TararinNew technique for automatic suppression of footprints connected with acquisition geometry of 3D surveys is developed. The algorithms are based on footprint rejection in wave-number domain of seismic cube horizontal slices. Importance of acquisition footprint attenuation in geophysical interpretation and prediction of reservoir properties is illustrated and discussed.
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Multifocusing - Effective Processing Method for Development and Exploration
Authors A. Berkovitch, I. Belfer and V. MeshbeyAuthors developed and implemented a new method of seismic data processing, Multifocusing (MF). MF is based on the theory of homeomorphic imaging and consists of stacking seismic data with arbitrary source-receiver distribution in the vicinity of the central point. The new formula of the moveout correction is determined. This correction is based on a local spherical approximation of the reflection wave front and the dynamic ray tracing. MF does not require any knowledge of the subsurface model and produces an accurate zero offset section, even in cases of a complex geological structure, low signal to noise ratio and low fold data. An estimated set of parameters, namely the emergence angle and radii of curvatures for two fundamental wavefronts that define the local moveout correction, contains important information regarding the subsurface model and can be used for deep analysis of geological media. MF application is illustrated by a case study of real data processing.
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Approach to Cherent Nise Attenuation in Case of Insufficient
Authors V.I. Logovskoy and A.E. HaritonovОписан подход к подавлению низкоростных волн помех при недостаточной частоте пространственной дискретизации. Данные разделяются на частотные диапазоны, в каждом из которых используется свой алгоритм фильтрации.
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Wavefield Extrapolation for Prestack Time Migration with Rms Velocity
By D.D. NegutA wave-equation based summation (WESUM) algorithm has been developed (Pan, 2006) for prestack depth migration with flexibility and option to output common image gathers in the offset domain. In this abstract we demonstrate the application of WESUM for prestack time migration (PSTM) with rms velocity as opposed to running usual wave equation migration (WEM) using interval velocity. Just as in Kirchhoff PSTM, at each individual image point, WESUM performs constant velocity migration so that it can be used to conduct velocity analysis. In addition, the WESUM uses real source and receiver locations and thus can handle 2D crooked line.
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Complex Velocity Model Reconstruction on the Base of Seismic Tomography and Kinematic Migration
Authors YU.V. Roslov, A.A. Vinnik, A.V. Kopylova and N.N. EfimovaВ настоящей работе предлагается формализованная схема кинематической обработки, представляющая собой, в некотором смысле, аналог процедуры миграции до суммирования, используемой в МОВ-ОГТ. Основная идея метода состоит в комбинировании томографических и миграционных процедур с целью построения слоисто-неоднородной модели среды со сложнопостроенной геометрией отражающих/преломляющих границ.
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The Earth's Crust Deep Structure Along the Transect 2-Dw "Magadan - Southern Kurils" in the Okhotsk Sea
Authors T.S. Sakoulina, I.M. Tikhonova, N.A. Krupnova and N.I. PavlenkovaКомплексные геофизические исследования на акватории Охотского моря вдоль опорного профиля 2-ДВ–М с целью создания современной модели глубинного геологического строения Охотоморского шельфа включают сейсмические исследования: ГСЗ, МОВ ОГТ, сейсмоакустическое профилирование, а также гравимагнитные наблюдения. В настоящей работе основное внимание уделено методике обработки сейсмических данных и построения скоростных моделей, а также приведены новые сведения о глубинном строении центральной части Охотоморского региона.
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Stability of Estimates of Model Parameters Obtained from Reflected Wave Traveltime Curves by Means of the Adaptive Method
Authors V.A. Kochnev and P.A. ZvyaginThe paper presents the results of a stability research of estimates of model parameters and static corrections, obtained from reflected wave traveltime curves by means of the adaptive method. The method consists of two main procedures, applied iteratively to the initial estimates. First, current values of parameters are updated according to the difference between actual and estimated traveltime curves. Then the updated values are evened out by using gradient-based local approximation. The adaptive method is used to obtain a stable solution for the inverse traveltime problem of the seismic reflection method. It takes about 6 seconds of machine time to estimate 959 model parameters based on 14767 non-linear equations.
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Methods of Coherent Noise Attenuation by the Example of 3D Survey in Timano-Pechorian Province
More Less3D seismic investigations and producing qualitative data in Timano-Pechorian province complicated by near surface conditions of the area. Essential heterogeneity of upper part of section produce amplitude anomaly and coherent noise. Attempts to reduce negative effect of near surface heterogeneity if field and on the step of processing keep actual. In this work considered a few methods of coherent noise suppression, such as surface wave noise attenuation, f-k-filtering, "zone" filtration and then tested on the data. Technic of "zone" filtering in cone gives good results to ground roll attenuation, but cuts frequency component, with using this filter possible to prepare data for procedures for velocity analysis and static corrections. F-k-filtering helps to suppress linear coherent noise, but effect of aliasing makes difficulties for ground roll attenuation and can't be used
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The First Experience of Seismic Study of Shallow Water Zone on the Pechora Shelf
Authors B.S. Sambuev, S.G. Shramko and B.E. ChuvashevWe present the method for the decision of a problem of a choice of the optimum method of seismic in a shallow (transit) zone of the Pechora Sea being part of the Arctic shelf of Russia. Ours more than 30-year's experience of seismic in the North of Timan-Pechora oil and gas province in conditions of a severe Arctic climate, allows proving the optimum method. The basic achievement is conducting seismic acquisitions on land and in shallow water, in winter and summer time, with the account all of growing attention to ecological aspects of field seismic. The tendered method of application provides reliable coordination of the marine and land data, which favorably distinguishes it from earlier used.
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Structure Features of the East Siberia Paleozoic Complex Based on Results of Seismic and Well Log Data Interpretation
By I.A. NagaevaIn this work a complex approach to study a Paleozoic base structure of the West -Siberian plate is considered. The area of research is dated to Nurol trough in the tectonical plan. And despite of a significant level of exploration maturity by various geophysical methods and drilling, there are many questions and unresolved problems. Even such a question as a correct mapping of pre-jurassic surface remains opened till now as the roof of a Paleozoic section is changed by a paleodenudation so that their acoustic properties come nearer to the horizons of the bottom Jurassic complex. Also a seismic picture is complicated by a great number of various amplitude and extent tectonic deformations and the phenomena of an interference connected with discordant bedding of Jurassic sedimentary formation on the Paleozoic base. To create an authentic geological model of reservoir structure, detailed interpretation of 3D seismic data combined with geophysical logging data was required. This interpretation includes structural, paleotectonical, seismic and facial and dynamic analysis of the data being interpreted. The results of the analysis allowed to relate a certain regularity in forming a Paleozoic complex and reveal the most perspective areas of oil deposits.
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New Technology for Using 3D seismic Interpretations for Object Based Stochastic Facies Modeling
Authors G. Sarkisov and E. MakarovaВ докладе описывается технология, позволяющая использовать результаты выделения геотел и фациальных зон по данным 3D сейсморазведки при трёхмерном объектном моделировании осадочных фаций
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Net Sand Determination / Facies Modeling for Development Geological Study
More LessThe Lirik Field is located in Japura Block, Central Sumatra Basin, about 145 km to the southeast of Pekanbaru, and about 195 km northwest of Jambi. Geologically the Lirik Field is part of the Japura complex structure. This field was discovered in 1972 and by the end of year 2006, the cumulative oil production reached 40 MMBO and the remaining reserve is about 5 MMBO respectively. Some efforts to optimize the existing production have encountered some problems such as: high water cut and sand distribution. The aim of this paper is to share how to solve the sand distribution problems in this area by using 3-D Application Modeling software.
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Technology and Methodical Principles Volumetric Geo-gravitational Modeling in Conditions Insufficiently Investigated
Authors A.I. Kobrunov, S.V. Shilova and V.E. KuleshovСовременная геофизика на сегодня испытывает информационный кризис. Это связано с огромным количеством программных продуктов, где за красочной визуализацией нередко теряется содержательная сторона получаемого результата, а построение комплексной модели строения изучаемой среды зачастую носит качественный характер. В настоящем докладе продемонстрированы разработанные теория, методы и компьютерные технологии, основанные на совместном решении обратных задач геофизики с целью изучения сложно построенных тектонических зон в условиях недостатка исходной информации
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Influence of the Terrigenous Reservoir Facial Heterogeneity on Processes of Oil and Gas Fields Development
More LessIn the article new technique for evaluating porosity-permeability properties of the clastic reservoir matrix are suggested. This technique bases on four types of porosity-permeability heterogeneity. Relations between allocated types and conditions of the formation forming process are described. Influence of these types on oil and gas fields development processes is showed. Aspects of the formation exploitation characteristics based on using of potential abilities of the allocated types are described.
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Simulation Aspects of the CO2 Flooding, Sensitivity and Case Study
Authors R. Berenblyum, G. Calderon, L. Kollbotn and L.M. SurguchevThis paper combines the knowledge and experience accumulated in IRIS over past years from several case studies involving Tjelbergodden CO2 value chain, Ekofisk and Gullfaks CO2 injection compositional simulations. The paper discuss importance of representing physical effects in modelling miscible and immiscible CO2 injection in sandstone and carbonate reservoirs. The following effects are evaluated: • Transfer of CO2 from fracture into the matrix involving diffusion and gravity segregation; • Viscous effects and formation of low and high concentration hydrocarbon phases; • Compositional effects and oil swelling; The sensitivity and importance of these effects are studied on several simplified mechanistic models and later applied to actual field cases. The detailed overview of viscous fingering effect will be presented. Results from the mechanistic study of the CO2 matrix-fracture transfer will be presented. The paper also discusses aspects of Equation-Of-State (EOS) modelling and PVT studies necessary. Case studies of the CO2 and CO2-WAG IOR methods for the reservoirs on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS) will be presented. Oil recovery potential of these IOR processes will be discussed.
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New Technology of Structure Framework Modeling for the Deposits with Complex Faulting
Authors Anton Sungurov and G. SarkisovВ докладе описывается новая технология структурного моделирования месторождений, позволяющая существенно повысить адекватность и точность структурных моделей объектов со сложным тектоническим строением.
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Seismic and Geologic Characteristics of Lithologic and Stratigraphic Traps in the North of West Siberia
By O.A. KulaginThis paper is devoted to investigation of Early-Jurussic transgression basal horizon and prediction of different kinds off oil and gas traps near boundaries development lover Jurussic stratigrafic horizons. Also new seismogeological data related to Pre-Jurussic sediments in large Paleozoic pressure drawdown are presented.
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Integrating Geological and Reservoir Engineering Well Data to Predict Fracture Productivity - the Kuyumba Case-history
Authors L. Mattioni, V. Ryabchenko, E. Sokolov, R. Mukhametzyanov, V. Zereninov and I. BobbIn this paper, a geological and reservoir engineering approach aimed to analyse and model fractures in subsurface-fractured reservoirs is proposed using the complete geological and reservoir engineering record of well data such as cores, borehole images, wireline logs and well tests. This methodology is applied to an exploratory vertical well drilled in the hinge zone of a large asymmetric anticline fold, in the central part of the Kuyumba oil field in Eastern Siberia, Russia. Here, the reservoir succession is mainly made up of fractured tight dolomites of Precambrian age, with apparently no matrix contribution. As a result of this analysis using well data, a 3D Discrete Fracture Model (DFN) was set up around the studied well. Using this both statistical and deterministic approach, the vertical lithological variation at the well(s) and the interrelationships between fracturing at well scale, petrophysical heterogeneity and reservoir deformation can be quantified, thus allowing to build a well constrained and more realistic DFN. This latter has been used to assess the hydraulic properties of fractures, which will serve in future as input to simulate the flow conditions during different production operations.
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Study of the AVO Effect from a Fractured Carbonate - A Physical Model Study
Authors R.W. Wiley, B.C. Golden and G.M. GoloshubinThe increasing demand for hydrocarbons requires improved techniques for locating traps and reservoirs. With many of the oil and gas reservoirs being in fractures, it is of interest to develop new methods for locating these fractures and for determining their orientation and crack density. Recently several theories have been put forth on the variations of P wave reflections with offset across a set of fractures. To test these concepts, the Allied Geophysical Laboratory (AGL) at the University of Houston (UH) constructed a physical model of a fractured carbonate reservoir and acquired seismic data over this model. These data were then processed and analyzed to determine what amplitude variations occurred with the varying offset.
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Study of Sub-vertical Zone of Fructuring by Seismic Data
Authors I.U. Khromova, N.J. Marmalevskyi, Z.V. Gornyak, Y.V. Roganov and A.S. KostyukevychВ ходе разработки одного из месторождений Тимано-Печорской провинции было выявлено существенное (кратное) различие продуктивности скважин на фоне выдержанного по литологическим и емкостным свойствам карбонатного резервуара. Задача выделения зон трещиноватости по сейсмическим данным решалась в рамках различных подходов: по геометрическим атрибутам, по когерентности, спектральным разложением волнового поля. На последнем этапе была применена миграция дуплексных волн, которая не только подтвердила полученные ранее результаты, но и позволила наиболее четко выделить отдельные линейные аномалии и ранжировать их по проницаемости/экранируемости. Дуплексные волны – это один из типов волн, которые в ходе обработки сейсмических данных, направленной на выделение однократно отраженных волн, воспринимаются как помехи и устраняются. В то же время дуплексные волны содержат информацию о свойствах вертикальных границ и могут быть использованы для построения их изображений. В процессе распространения дуплексные волны имеют два отражения: одно от некоторой базовой границы, другое – от целевой субвертикальной границы. В статье показывается пример использования этих волн для выделения и прослеживания субвертикальных зон трещиноватости в карбонатных коллекторах из месторождений Тимано-Печорской нефтяной провинции.
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Natural Fracture Network Characterisation from P-wave Seismic Data, the Kharyaga Field
Authors E. Krylova, P. Ollagnon and A. MignotThis paper describes the implementation of CGGVeritas Seismic Fracture Characterisation technology for fracture characterisation to the sub-arctic Khariaga block, in the Timan-Pechora Basin (Russia). The methodology applied follows the FracVista workflow. It is an integrated seismic fracture characterisation workflow that assesses the presence of anisotropy using wide-azimuth data and extracts anisotropy attributes (intensity and orientation). These are compared to and integrated with reservoir fracture analyses from well logs. Overall, the FracVista feasibility study applied to the Kharyaga data has detected measurable seismic azimuthal anisotropy and established a good correlation with the well data. A full implementation of this technology brings the following added value: acquisition footprint removal, 3D geostatistical decomposition or special filtering for acquisition footprint removal, complete well log analysis and integration of dynamic well test data, azimuthal elastic or acoustic impedance inversion to have 3D volumes of anisotropy intensity and orientation, and also to have a layer framework which suppress the 90º ambiguity.
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Seismic Data Discontinuity Computation for Fault/Fracture Imaging
Authors S.I. Shlionkin, A.V. Masjukov, V.V. Masjukov and K.S. YurchenkoDips and azimuths, computed in a small moving window, are commonly used in fault/fracture characterization by different coherence measures and/or so-called volumetric curvature attributes. We propose algorithms for dip and coherence computations that use time derivatives of seismic traces and produce high-quality sharp images of seismic discontinuities. In addition, we propose a Fourier domain technique for rose diagram computation, providing accurate estimations of fault orientation distribution from a sharp image, e.g. a high-quality discontinuity slice or a hand-made drawing of lineaments.
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Fracture Characterisation and Modeling in a Permo-Carboniferous Discovery in the Pechora Sea, NW Russia
Authors J.C. Gutmanis, R. Garber and S. GrossThis presentation summarises a workflow that was used in the appraisal of a heavy oil field discovered in the Pechora Sea during the 1990's. Reservoir flow properties were thought to be at least partly dependant on the presence of a connected fracture system. Therefore it was necessary to characterise the fracture system and model it's likely impact on deliverability. The work was carried out under a tight project deadline and using limited sub-surface data. Potential drilling strategies to optimise production were also explored.
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Permeability of Porous/fractured Rock - from Cores, or Logs, or Seismic Attributes?
Authors E.A. Kozlov, O.Y. Kirseleva and A.A. BovykinДля месторождения с нефтяной залежью в плотных поро-трещинных карбонатах выполнено моделирование «замещения проницаемости» продуктивного интервала и построение кубов сейсмических атрибутов: когерентности, PERMATR, мгновенной ширины спектра, соотношения энергии высоко- и низкочастотной части амплитудного спектра пакета отраженных от резервуара Р- волн и других параметров, информативность которых в отношении проницаемости предсказана моделированием и подтверждена соответствующими кроссплотами. Статистические зависимости, отображаемые кроссплотами, оказались сравнительно слабыми – предположительно, из-за того, что коллекторам с дуальной пористостью присуща низкая представительность оценок проницаемости по керну и ГИС. Наиболее информативными оказались атрибут когерентности (в силу генетической связи нарушений, выявляемых этим атрибутом, и трещиноватости, контролирующей проницаемость), и спектральные атрибуты, обоснованные моделированием. Высказано предположение, что надежность оценок проницаемости коллекторов с дуальной пористостью по сейсмическим атрибутам, керну и ГИС может быть одного и того же порядка.
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Simulation Perspective Planning of Oil and Gas Exploration Under the Conditions of Market System of Use of Mineral Resources
Authors A.E. Kontorovich, L.M. Burshtein, O.V. Zolotova, S.V. Ryzhkova, Y.G. Eremin and I.V. FilimonovaДля достижения расширенного уровня воспроизводства минерально-сырьевой базы в целом по стране необходимо провести большой объем геологоразведочных работ. На весь период до 2020 г. одним из главных районов прироста углеводородного сырья останется Западно-Сибирская нефтегазоносная провинция. В настоящее время существуют различные методики расчетов геологоразведочных работ на локальных объектах (лицензионных участках, локальных структурах, залежах и т.д.). В данной работе приведено схематическое описание одной из таких методик. На ее основе сделана программа лицензирования нераспределенного фонда недр в ЗСНП и программа ГРР на участках, предлагаемых на аукционы в 2006-2010 гг.
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Assessment of Undiscovered Petroleum Resources of The Laptev Sea Shelf
Authors T.R. Klett, J.K. Pitman, F.M. Persits and G.F. UlmishekThe petroleum resource assessment of the Laptev Sea Shelf Province exemplifies the USGS assessment process for basins in the Arctic. This assessment of crude oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids (collectively referred to as petroleum) resources is one of several being conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey Circum-Arctic Oil and Gas Resource Appraisal program. Using a geology-based methodology, the USGS estimates the mean undiscovered, conventional petroleum resources in the province to be approximately 9,300 MMBOE of crude oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids.
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Economic Modeling as a Basis for Legislating E&P Fiscal Systems and Bidding Upstream Opportunities
By F. DemirmenOne of the challenges facing governments and the international oil industry that wish to cooperate in exploiting petroleum resources is the availability of a fiscal or contractual system that is attractive to the oil companies, but one that also adequately protects national interests. Both the host government and the investing oil company have their own concerns to consider, and it is essential that a balance exists between the competing interests. For the host government, the best way to achieve such a balance is to tailor contractual terms to outcomes based on economic modeling. Economic models constructed to represent various exploration and production scenarios reveal outcomes that could be expected under envisioned contractual terms. Depending on the results, the contractual terms can then be modified or tailored to give what is considered to be equitable economic returns for the state and the investor, based on international norms. Other concerns, e.g., promoting exploration and development of small reserves, can also be addressed in economic modeling. Likewise, a contractor interested in bidding for upstream opportunities should run economic models of its own to judge the attractiveness of the contract. If the fiscal terms were conceived judiciously, a deal becomes likely.
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Mineral Resources Base of the Hydrocarbons Dagestan Republic, Problems of Development
More LessДагестан относиться к старейшим нефтегазодобывающим районам России с немалой площадью перспективных земель, но за последние десятилетия в Дагестане нет новых открытых месторождений углеводородного сырья, идет выработка старых месторождении открытых в прошлом тысячелетии.
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New Petroleum Store in West Siberia
By V.L. ShusterВ нижнем доюрском формационно-тектоническом комплексе Западной Сибири (докембрий и палеозой) открыто 100 залежей и значительных проявлений нефти и газа. Эти месторождения приурочены к древним авлакогенам и молодым унаследованным рифтовым системам. Домезозойские образования являются гетерогенными по вещественному составу и структуре. В разрезе палеозоя присутствуют практически все типы пород: карбонатные, эффузивные и кристаллические, метаморфические. Основной особенностью пород коллекторов является преимущественно трещинно-каверновый, трещинно-каверново-поровый типы пустотности и неравномерное их развитие по площади и разрезу. На основе геодинамического анализа выделен ряд нефтегазоносных и возможно нефтегазоносных бассейнов рифей-палеозойского и позднепермско-трисового цикла развития. Наиболее перспективны в них выступы доюрских пород, разбитые разломами на блоки, перекрытые мезозойскими (палеозойскими) отложениями, которые играют роль флюидоупоров и нефтегазообразующих толщ для залежей нефти (газа) в доюрских комплексах пород.
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