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XIV International Scientific Conference “Monitoring of Geological Processes and Ecological Condition of the Environment”
- Conference date: November 10-13, 2020
- Location: Kyiv, Ukraine
- Published: 10 November 2020
81 - 92 of 92 results
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Environmental end mathematical model of united communities’ (UTC) sustainable development
Authors L. Horoshkova, Іe. Khlobystov, L. Kapranova and D. TarasenkoSummaryIt has been illustrated that among the most important environmental and economic instruments of environmental protection in Ukraine are the environmental tax and the environmental pollution fee. It has been proved that emissions have recently decreased according to the analysis results of the environmental pollution fee dynamics. It has been confirmed that the growth of the environmental tax revenue in local budgets in 2015 was due to the beginning of decentralization and changes in the Tax Code. It has been defined that the slowdown in the environmental tax revenue growth rate in local budgets is caused by inefficient system of united territorial communities’ (UTG) budgets and local budgets’ pumping up. It has been proved that the rate of national budget funding is ebbed accompanied by the growing funding from local budgets. This gave grounds to claim that the established UTCs have a more balanced approach to environmental policy and the need to fund environmental activities. The analysis of the dynamics and sources of environmental capital and current investment funding have revealed that capital investment in environmental activities is unstable, without radical changes in national environmental situation. It has been proved that the growth rate of current investment is insignificant and equals the inflation rate, which reduces its economic efficiency.
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Economic and mathematical modeling of ecological expenditure for sustainable development of united territorial communities
Authors L. Horoshkova, Іe. Khlobystov, L. Filipishyna, M. Shvydenko and S. BessonovaSummaryThe paper has been proved that the current system of local finances’ management does not support their sustainable development and does not introduce viable mechanisms for the effective expenditure ecological distribution inside united territorial communities (UTCs) between the settlements within them.
The following arguments have been shown: UTCs include settlements characterized by different population size and income per capita.
Due to migration processes the population size is unstable. To overcome current disparities in expenditures’ distribution of a UTC budget, it has been proposed to use economic and mathematical model, which allows to take into account both the dynamics of UTC per capita income and changes in its population.
It has been proposed to calculate the population size at certain time intervals, taking into account the expected (planned) changes of each settlement’s population within UTCs and to distribute programmed ecological expenditure within territories’ sustainable development capacity.
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Determination of the underground component of the water balance of lake Lebedyne (Sumy region) in the context of prospects for the restoration of its water constitution and the project
Authors D. Chomko, O. Koshliakov, O. Dyniak and I. KoshliakovaSummaryAn analysis of the situation in the country’s water bodies over the past decades due to climate change shows a further exacerbation of the problem of water supply of the population and industries. Objective identification of trends and forecasting of changes in groundwater status are usually performed on the basis of monitoring studies. But currently there is no effective system for monitoring the status of groundwater in Ukraine.
In recent years, Lake Lebedyne has become significantly shallower, which is of concern to the local community. The authors of the article studied the connection between surface and groundwater in the area adjacent to Lake Lebedyne.
According to our own field research in June 2020 and the available stock information on low floodplains, groundwater is in places very close to the day surface and forms wetlands. The level of groundwater in accordance with the obtained marks in the engineering and geological wells around the lake decreases in all directions. This indicates that Lake Lebedyne is currently a source of groundwater in the surrounding area.
The available information allowed to perform the actual calculation of water losses from Lake Lebedyne for groundwater supply (groundwater flow costs) on the current strips corresponding to the available engineering and geological sections.
Given the size of the perimeter of the lake, the amount of water losses from Lake Lebedyne to groundwater supply was determined as a component of the overall water balance.
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Estuaries as a component of the Black Sea monitoring system
Authors V.O. Iemelianov, O.M. Ivanik and Т.B. КulаhaSummaryThe Black Sea estuaries are unique natural formations that are important objects for the inhabitants of the region. They have a significant impact on their life, health and well-being. However, today the ecological conditions of these estuaries are critical, which requires systematic monitoring studies based on geoecosystem methodology. The presented research identify some features of the state of geological and ecological subsystems of estuaries geoecological systems and their surrounding, outline the main factors of violation of the state of the elements of estuarine geoecosystems. In order to preserve the natural value of the estuaries, the main principles and approaches to comprehensive geo-ecosystem studies of these natural objects have been proposed. The application of the proposed approaches assumes that the geoecosystem of estuaries is multistable; it features the dynamic transition zone between the sea and the continent (geoecoton) and requires specialized methods to analyze its past and present state and predict the future changes. The structure of this system is space-time related. The spatial aspect reflects the order of elements in the system, time aspect corresponds to the changing in the system during the period of time and its dynamic. The ecosystem of estuaries is affected by significant natural and anthropogenic stresses and characterized by the pollutions of heavy metals.
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GIS for Environmental Monitoring and Assessment in Mining Regions of Ukraine
Authors Ye. Anpilova, O. Trofymchuk, Ye. Yakovliev, D. Kreta and V. TrysnyukSummaryMining regions of Ukraine differ in high indicators of industrial and domestic waste volumes formation as a result of densely located reprocessing (metallurgical, coke, energetic, etc.), industrial and residential objects. Results of the monitoring studies showed that at the current stage military factors increase their destabilizing impact on industrial and domestic waste polygons, potentially hazardous objects (disruption of electricity supply, mine water drainage and ventilation of mines, destruction of defensive hydro-technical constructions, etc.) alongside with the technogenic and natural factors. Authors consider an accelerated improvement of ecological monitoring of the Donbas region and adjacent territories to be possible if, first of all, a complex of the Earth remote sensing technologies (ERS-interferometry, spectrometry, etc.) and operational compilation of eco data through GIS are used. Examples of spreading of the near-earth atmosphere pollution in industrial cities located within the mining regions are shown.
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Environmental monitoring based on aerospace and terrestrial researches
Authors V. Trysnyuk, V. Okhariev, Ye. Anpilova, T. Trysnyuk and Ye. NagornySummaryRemote sensing / GIS technologies and contact monitoring are the important parts of man-caused impact to natural and anthropogenic reservoirs rehabilitation capability database creating. The most reliable and precise results are obtained with primary data of multi-zonal space images of high-spatial resolution use.
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Complex geological and geophysical approach to the landslide hazard assessment: Case study from Rzhyshchiv site (Kyiv region)
More LessSummaryThe consideration is given to the main features of the formation and activation of landslide processes within the site of the Rzhyshchiv village (Geriatric Center), Kagarlytskyi district, Kyiv region. The main factors influencing the mechanism and conditions for the activation of landslide processes in this site are demonstrated. These landslide investigations using geological, geoinformation and geophysical methods to monitor the occurrence of hazardous geological processes have been carried out. The impact of landslide hazards on the infrastructure has been analyzed. The data obtained by Electrical Resistivity Tomography has been applied in order to investigate the lithostratigraphic sequences, the geometry of landslide body and potential mass movement. This method allows to allocate the fracture zones and places with a high water saturation. It has been confirmed the potential new displacement within this site.
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Geographical analysis of territory in order to study of atmospheric «termals» (scientific and applied aspects)
Authors O.O. Komliev, S.Yu. Bortnik, O.O. Lyubitseva, V.V. Perekheida, S.V. Zhylkin and M. KomlievaSummary“Thermals” were discovered when radar technology was used in atmospheric research. In 1940, radio echoes (called angel echoes - AE) were recorded from visually invisible objects in clear weather. They are complete because they differ in the stability (coherence) of the signal and the absence of its fluctuations. It is believed that thermals cause convective thermal inhomogeneities in the atmosphere. Thermals are referred to the main structural elements of the lower layer of the troposphere, where they perform the function of material carriers of heat and moisture coming from the earth’s surface. The main areas of study of thermals today are their physical nature and external factors of formation. Among them, geographical factors are important and little studied. For the first time on a broad geographical basis AE thermals were studied in 80–90 years of the 20th century at the Faculty of Geography of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv within the research landfill on the South-Eastern coast of Crimea. Among the issues studied: the spatial-vertical structure of the driving layer of the atmosphere, thermal inhomogeneities of the underlying water surface, adjacent to the water physical earth’s surface with its relief and rocks that make it up, soil and vegetation, anthropogenic and man-made objects on it. The zoning of the adjacent land was carried out: substantiated natural features, described morphology, morphometry, landscape and plant features, rocks of geological formations on the earth’s surface, studied modern exogenous and endogenous processes, anthropogenic and man-made buildings. They create an integrated result of the removal of air flows from land to water. The conducted researches fill the problem of atmospheric thermals with concrete data.
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Retrospective monitoring of changes in the areas of mine-affected lands under the Klochkivskyi Quarry based on analysis of various space images
Authors M. Kovalchuk, Y. Kroshko and I. BaysarovychSummaryThe authors carried out field studies of the current state and production of the Klochkivskyi quarry (Mukachevo district, Zakarpattia area). It was studied the constant change in landscape of an area due to the excavation and movement of rocks in coarse of mining. To study trends and rates of change in the terrain, it is important to establish the dynamics of their development. Retrospectively monitored changes in the area of land disturbed by mining operations based on the analysis of time-lapse space images was carried out.
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Geophysical indicators of flooding processes
Authors S. Vyzhva, V. Onyshchuk, I. Onyshchuk, M. Reva and O. ShabaturaSummaryStatistical modeling of geophysical parameters of the upper part of the profile prone to flooding territory (“Expocenter of Ukraine”) included discriminant analysis, classification functions and multiple regression analysis. The presence of thin aeration zone, occurence of low-permeability rocks, shallow aquicludes, overlapping or liquidation of the springs, the asphalt pavements and the embankment roads are the main causes of flooding processes. Indicative geophysical parameters for the detection of areas prone to flooding are specific electrical resistance of the upper layers of rocks in the intervals 0 – 1.5 and 1.5 – 3.0 m; elastic waves are not informative for this task. Classification equations based on resistivity parameters and elastic wave velocities effectively (about 90% of the correct classifications) distinguish areas with upward and downward trend of groundwater table. Mainly, this classification is based on the inverse correlation of the specific electrical resistance of layers in the range of depths 0–1.5 m with poor water saturation, and the direct correlation in the range of depths of 1.5–3.0 m with good water saturation.
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Geomorphosystemic prognostic model of technogenic pollutants migration in earth’s crust
Authors O. Komliev, S. Bortnik, N. Pohorilchuk, Yu. Filonenko, O. Kovtoniuk and T. LavrukSummaryDirect man-made human activity in the lithosphere can now be traced to depths of more than 13 km. Solid and liquid wastes from various industries with groundwater can penetrate even deeper. Identification of migration routes and places of accumulation of man-made pollution in the earth’s crust is an urgent task today. Their direct observation by technical means is limited by a grid and is possible only to certain depths. Therefore, it is necessary to create prognostic models of migration of man-made pollutants, using modern knowledge about the formation and spatio-temporal organization of the earth’s crust. The geomorphosystem (the historical-dynamic morphosystem of the Earth) played an important role in this, creating its own “space-time” - the geomorpholithosphere. The geomorphosystem model of the geomorpholithosphere allows tracking the movement of man-made pollutants in the earth’s crust. It uses the “natural” structural framework (buried valleys, etc.) of the geomorpholithosphere. In the geomorpholithosphere, in real time, the material reliefs of the previous cycles of development of the historical and dynamic morphosystem of the Earth are preserved. The Earth’s gravitational field integrates geologically diverse elements, creates, forms systemic connections between them, determines their functions and trends of material displacements, energy transformations, information transfer, entropy exchanges in the geomorpholithosphere. The historical and dynamic morphosystem of the Earth and the geomorpholithosphere create a theoretical concept of a prognostic geomorphosystem model of migration of man-made pollutants in the Earth’s crust. The prognostic geomorphosystem model of the geomorpholithosphere is created on the basis of the morphochronodynamic concept of geomorphology. In the geomorpholithosphere of the plain-platform territories, the structural elements of the historical-dynamic basin geomorphosystems are considered. They have been used in applied research (forecasting and exploration of various sedimentary minerals, forecasting the behavior of pollutants in the lithosphere).
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Pesticides content in mineral waters of the Transcarpathean Region
Authors V.M. Shestopalov, N.P. Osokina and I.P. OnishchenkoSummaryThe Transcarpathian region is the richest province of Ukraine, its main reacreation resources being mineral waters, climate and landscape. About 50 fields with medical waters of different types are known, among those the most widespread and valuable are carbonic waters. In 1989 and 1997 the Institute of Geological Sciences, NAS of Ukraine, carried out examinations of mineral waters fields for the content of strong organochloric pesticides: DDT and its metabolites, HCCH and its isomers, aldrin, heptachlor; organophosphoric pesticides: methaphos, carbophos, phosphamide, phozallon; fluorine- containing pesticides: trephlane a. o. In 1989 16 fields were examined, and 3 fields in 1997. Analytical experiments were performed using gas chromatographs. It was established that simultaneously in the same sample there could be present up to 8 substances and their metabolites, derivatives of chemical compounds of different groups in the concentrations lower than MPC for potable water, however the total effect of their influence on human body is not studied yet.
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