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6th EAGE/EEGS Meeting
- Conference date: 03 Sep 2000 - 07 Sep 2000
- Location: Bochum, Germany
- ISBN: 978-94-6282-118-7
- Published: 06 September 2000
42 results
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Prospects of application of induction logging using IKRS-1 instrument for the solution of environmental problems
By A. K. SaraevApplications of electromagnetic (EM) methods for the solution of environmental problems were strongly increased last years. However, the effectiveness of these methods is not always high because of insufficient data about electrical properties of investigated objects, first of all of oil contamination sites. It is necessary to study of the object properties for successful application of EM methods in environmental geophysics. The most representative and reliable data can be obtained using of well logging methods. The induction logging has an advantages compare with electrical logging - the possibility of measurements in dry or plastic cased boreholes and obtaining more reliable data about low resistive rocks (0.5 - 10 Ohmm), which create the anomalies of EM methods.
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Possibilities of integrated geophysical techniques to detect LNAPL plumes in abandoned Soviet military areas: Case history from the cretaceous of Bohemia
Authors S. Mares, J. Dohnal, Z. Jane, J. Knez, L. Zima, V. Illiceto, L. Alexejeva and O. PazdirekThe history of soviet military areas in the Central and Eastem Europe started in 50 ties and 60 ties of this century. The military techniques (heavy lorries, tanks, fighters) needed a lot of fuel and high volume underground storage tanks (UST) has been put into the ground without any insulating layer. The leakage a) of USTs - getting rusty during the long period till 90 ties, b) of tubes and pipes transporting the fuel from tank-wagons to UST's in the area of railway terminals, c) caused by irresponsible handling with fuel by soldiers of the soviet army polluted the soil, the vadose zone, the saturated zone and consequently the ground water. The spills can be characterised as long lasting over many years creating the free product layer thick first decimetres to first meters on the groundwater table. Such a situation has been found at the beginning of 90 ties, when the areas has been abandoned in all countries of the former Warsaw Pact. Below, our experience with geophysical prospecting of these sites is discussed.
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Electrical properties of oil-polluted grounds laboratory measurements
Authors S. I. Volkov, A. A. Gorbunov and V. A. ShevninOil pollution of soils and grounds along with other kinds of hydrocarbon pollution has become one of the greatest environmental hazards. Thus locating the polluted sites and estimating pollution risks are the important problems facing the specialists in a number of related industries. resistivity and chargeability techniques of determining the ground properties are often applied to solve these problems.
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Detection of problem zones in salt-rock with complex geophysical measurements: Results of underground DC-geoelectrics
Authors J. Kulenkampff, L. Aschmann, F. Jacobs, G. Kurz, E. Moise and R. SchulzThe investigation of potential underground deposits for toxic and radioactive waste in salt rock is achallenge for geophysical exploration methods, because the conditions for geophysical measurements are rather poor and the direct geological exploration with bore holes has to be minimized.
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Reliability of radiometric maps and their comparison in border zones - Czech Republic, Germany, Poland, Slovakia
Authors M. Matolín and M. KobrRadiometric maps describe the level of radiation and the distribution of natural and man-made radionuclides in the environment. Terrestrial radiation, a significant component of the natural radiation sources, is generated by natural radionuclides in rocks and corresponds to the Earth' s surface geological setting. Radioactivity of the environment is predominantly determined by detection of gamma rays and expressed in gamma dose rate (nGy/h) or by concentrations of individual radionuclides. Radiometric maps are applicable to basic geological studies, exploration for minerals and raw materiaIs, radon risk mapping, determination of nuclear fallout contamination and assessment of radioactivity of the environment.
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Geoelectric investigation of the Soreq Cave area in Israel
Authors M. Ezersky, M. Goldman, M. Bar-Metthews and A. AyalonThe detection of cavities in the subsurface is important for both engineering geological site investigations (sinkholes) and tourism (large caves). Under favorable conditions this problem can be solved using geoelectric methods (Chan et al., 1996). However, in reality, in many cases geoelectric results are biased by the existence of false anomalies caused by lateral inhomogeneities in the geoelectric cross-section.
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Comparison between geophysical methods fro the detection of old mine galleries or cavities
Authors J. M. Galera, E. Maria Hernández, F. Peral and A. RodríguezThis work has been carried out on an 1+D project subsidised by the ECSC, with the aim of detecting oLd coal mine galleries at small depths. For this, the following three geophysical methods have been used: Electrical tomography, GPR and Single Geophone Refraction Profiling (SGRP). Electrical and seismic methods have been performed at Pedraforca's Coal Mine, and seismic and GPR at El Bierzo Coal Basin. Vet below it will only be shown the work done in Pedraforca, since the other two methods are still being interpreted.
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Upgrading of discharge rates using geophysical and structural analysis: Sangemil Spa (central Portugal)
Sangemil spa area is located 16 km south of Viseu, Central Portugal, near the Däo river. The productive wells, F1 and F2 are located in the alluvial plain of the river and have been threatened by the river floods (Fig. 1). In order to locate new production wells, out of the alluvial plain and close to the spa unit the surrounding geological structure was surveyed. The proposed structural model claimed for a geophysical survey with two profiles P1 and P2 (Fig. 1) using dipole-dipole array. Taking into account the results obtained, three new wells HDN1, HDN2 and HDN3 (Fig. 1), have been drilled (85 to 112m deep). The field measurements of conductivity, temperature, pH and yield are discussed in conjunction with the geophysical results.
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Geophysical delineation of saltwater intrusion in the Campos basin (Mallorca, Spain)
More LessThe aim of this paper is to present a case history showing the utility of geophysical methods (gravity, frequency and time domain EM) to delineate the extension of saltwater intrusion in a sector of the southeaster part of the Mallorca Island. The study area includes a coastal region between Sa Ràpita and Colènia de Sant Jordi, on the municipality of Campos, Mallorca. Insularity, farming irrigation and tourist demand during summer, among others factors, get worse the problem of water supply in Mallorca island, where water resources are mainly groundwater (75%). This fact has produced a progressive salinization of groundwater because of the inland advance of the saline wedge.
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Investigations of hydraulic state functions with the help of geoelectrical and radar measurements
Authors F. Boerner, S. Berthold and T. FechnerThe objective of investigation was the determination of representative hydraulic state functions (capillary pressure vs. water saturation curves) on large sand and sandstone samples using a combination of traditional hydraulic and new geophysical techniques. Of practical interest are residual water saturation, residual air saturation and the hysteresis of imbibition and drainage processes (see fig 1). These parameters may be used for validation of multiphase flow processes as well as the estimation of effective porosities and other geohydraulic quantities. It was shown that petrophysical and geophysical methods contribute to the reduction of risk and uncertainties in forecast of groundwater related processes in former mining areas.
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Geophysical and geotechnical investigation of an areal langslide in the Tuscan Northern Apennines (Italy), with an extensive consolidation design
Authors G. Gabbani, G. Lavorini and L. PaciniA detailed investigation of an areal landslide with geophysical and geotechnical methods is presented. The gravitative movement started in the Spring of 1998 and slowly but surely has continued for these two years.
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Geophysical investigations for road construction in an Alpine Valley
Authors M. Schmidberger and J. SchönGeophysical methods are increasingly used for the solution of geotechnical problems. For a road construction in an alpine valley geotechnical problems are determined by strong deformations and landslides.
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Highway inspection using radar
Authors B. Elek, B. Neducza, M. Pattantyus and P. Tildy70 km long section of a highway was investigated using georadar for detecting possible cavities under the concrete pavement. The highway was built more than 20 years ago and the available documentation about the construction is not perfect enough. The prospecting was carried out before the planned reconstruction of the road with the purpose of estimating the amount of refilling material necessary for the reinforcement of the pavement.
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Comprehensive geophysical railway embankment survey at moscow railway route
Authors I. N. Modin, D. K. Bolshakov, M. L. Vladov and A. V. StarovoytovPrincipal tracks of the Moscow Railway were built in 1860-1870. Before WWI first serious reconstruction took place, when the second track was built. During WWI and WWII west-bound routes suffered severely and the traces of the urgent repairings are still obvious in the embankment. The embankments are built mainly in complicated geological conditions in marshy areas. Under constant vibration and dynamic loading irreversible deformations take place resulting in gradual ground displacements.
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Electrical resistivity measurements using buried electrodes during tunnel construction
Authors A. Denis, A. Marache, T. Obellianne and D. BreysseUsually, a geotechnical investigation along a tunnel axis is based on destructive borings, pressuremeter profiles and drilling with undisturbed samplings for laboratory tests. The subsurface geological section in the area of the tunnel is often densely investigated by many drill holes, with a spacing about 40 to 50 meters.
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Outlook on results of engineering geophysical geological geology investigation of the reservoir dam area in Mountain Hasi District, Albania
Authors A. Frasheri and B. CangaGEOTEC Sh.p.k. have been performed geological-engineering and geophysical observations for in-situ investigate the geology and geotechnical conditions of the dam area of the Vlahna reservoir at the Hasi district, in northeastern part of Albania. This is a very important irrigation work, because it will be constructed in one of the driest areas in Albania. The particularity of this investigation consists that has performed in area with complicated geology of the ophiolitic belt of Albanides, and in mountain region.
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Engineering geological and geophysical investigation at Gracarjev Turn Castle, Slovenia
Authors M. Car, N. Nikolaou, E. Payiadji, A. Gosar and M. ZivcicThe conservation and reconstruction ofmonuments ofhistorical value is generally studied by means of determining the engineering geological conditions of the underground, the static analysis, surveying the state of the foundations, the study of historical seismological data, structural dynamic tests, etc. Taking into account the interaction between the ground/foundations and the building itself, may lead to a proper reinforcement and/or recovery techniques for specific monument.
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Geophysical-geotechnical procedures to protect the Monterosso Sanctuary in the seismic area of Terricciola-Pisa
Authors G. Finzi-Contini, R. Giaccari, G. Losito, G. Mingrone, M. Montevecchi and A. SpadolaThe Sanctuary of Monterosse has been re-located on the top of a clay hill close to the Terricciola (Pisa) after the big earthquake, which destroyed its Romanesque aspect. Now that Sanctuary is collapsing mainly because of the general hydro-geological evidences and the periodical behaviour of the water-table resting on the clay bedrock quite inclined downhill. The aim of this paper is to propose a synthetic summary of the activities directed to sauveguard and protect such a singular specimen of religious architecture in Western Tuscany. Under a broader point of view, this trend can be framed up in the sphere of activities wanting to contribute to the rescue of architectural buildings and constructions forrning the exceptional cultural heritage. This heritage is characterising bath the Tuscanian territory and the landscape, seen as precious and wise Environmental Resources to be preserved tor future generations, as far as it is still possible.
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Engineering and geophysical safety aspects of the archaeological yard so rich in antique Roman ships in Pisa-San Rossore
Authors G. Finzi-Contini, R. Giaccari, G. Mingrone, M. Montevecchi and D. MoranoThe objective of this paper is to illustrate the hard problern to change a normal excavation executed for a building into reliable working areas/volumes for the exceptional archaeological finding of 17 (at least up to now.. ) Antique Roman Ships, close to Pisa-San Rossore Railway Station.
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Depth control of stone columns
More LessWith the development of road and railways transports in the Aquitaine region (France) and for a better efficiency, the SNCF, RFF (the french railway company) decided to build a new multimodal transport exchange platform. The kept hold site is situated in the vicinity ofthree highways (Paris, Spain and Méditerrannée) and of an existing marshalling yard.
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Geological problems of the "Bobov Dol" coal mine (Bulgaria)
By D. AngelovaThe "Bobov Dol" coal mines are situated in the Bobov Dol graben (SW Bulgaria). The coal is produced using 5 underground and lopen-pit mine. The graben is a part of the Kyustendil- Saparevo kettle group. The Bobov Dol graben was formed in its contemporary outlook during the Quaternary between the Konyavo mountain, the Gologlav heights and the Pogled mountain. It was separated from the Saparevo kettle by the Razmetanitsa horst. The average altitude is 830 m. The graben is drained by the Bobov Dol, Babinska, Razmetanitsa and other smaller rivers that mouth in the Dzherman river. All the settlements situated in the area (Bobov Dol, Babino, Golyama Fucha, Mlamolovo, etc.) represent an indivisible part of the Bobov Dol coal basin in an economic-geographical aspect.
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Econeotectonics of the East Maritsa Coal Basin (Bulgaria)
By D. AngelovaThe East Maritsa Coal Basin is situated in the eastern part of the Zagora lowland and includes three open-pit mines for the output of lignite coal. This basin has a priority status since its coal output amounts to 84 % from the total coal output of the country and to 92.5 % of the total lignite coal output in Bulgaria.
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ELF-electromagnetic exposure in urban areas: Preliminary results at two sites in Genova (Liguria, north western Italy)
Authors E. Armadillo, G. Branchesi, E. Bozzo and S. BertiniIn the last twenty years electrical energy consumption in Italy is almost doubled and it is growing at a higher rate than in the other European countries. Associated with the generation, transmission and use of electrical energy, usually delivered as 50 Hz alternating current, is the production of weak electromagnetic fields (EMF) in the extrernely low frequency range (ELF, from 3 to 3000 Hz).
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Testing the resolution of very shallow geophysics: Data from the EIGG test site, Leicester UK
By J. A. HillThe Environmental and Industrial Geophysics Group of the Geological Society of London (EIGG) constructed a shallow geophysical test site on ground donated by Leicester University in 1995. The test site was left for a year for the construction disturbance to decay. Since 1996 it has been used for the collection of a broad array of geophysical data. This paper presents results and comparisons of aselection from the various geophysical data collected to date to illustrate the resolution of the measurements.
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Geophysical and environmental interdisciplinary surveys surveys along Viterbese archaeological areas interested by a large landfill project
Authors G. Finzi-Contini, R. Giaccari, G. Losito, P. Minerbi, A. Marini, M. Montevecchi and A. SpadolaThe Viterbo Province, located in the Northern area of the Lazio Region is mainly characterised by an exceptional heritage given by centuries of Etruscan culture, well known all over the world. Beside that, many also Roman and Middle Age monuments - like e.g. Via Francigena: a Pilgrimage medieval rout to Rome - distinguish its landscape, which support both quite rich agricultural activities and high level tourism; also antique spas are enjoyed not only by population, owing to their historical and up-to-date reputation. Despite all this singular background, a Provincial landfill has been planned in this area, possibly also used by close Rieti Province. This paper is planning a number of actions to counteract such an ecological and environmental disaster.
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Glacial sediment resistivity anisotropy measurements (Kaluga region, Russia)
Authors A. A. Bobachev, D. K. Bolshakov, I. N. Modin and V. A. ShevninThe Aleksandrovskoye Plato, having the area of about 1 km2, is situated on the border of Kaluga and Smolensk Regions (Central Russia) on the left bank of the Ugra River (left tributary of the Oka River) near the mouth of the Vorya River. The glacial sediments properties on the Plato are peculiar in some in some features. The grains of sediment rocks are oriented differently in different rock varieties and in different locations in the geological cross-section (Lavrushin, 1992). This results in physical properties difference depending on the spatial direction, particularly, in resistivity anisotropy.
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A joint inversion method to solve problems of layer boundaries, differently defined by seismics and geoelectrics
More LessOne of the most important possibilities to reduce or abolish the uncertainty of measured VES data, occurring in a single inversion, is known as the joint inversion method. Joint inversions can he realised in different ways. i): with simultaneous inversions if geophysical methods, based on the same physical principles, (e.g. geoelectrical) are used; ii): using parameters of geological models derived from data based on different physical principles (e.g. geoelectrics, seismics) [Vozoffand Jupp 1975, Dobróka et. al.1991, Misiek et. al. 1997, Gyulai and Ormos 1999]. The most frequent problem using that joint inversion which is based on different physical principles occurs because different methods define different layer boundaries. It means that sometimes different geophysical parameters change at different layer boundaries in a different way.
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Combination of radartomography, geomagnetics and geoelectrics in archaeological prospection
More LessThe Geophysical Service of the Archaeological Division of the State Antiquities Department in Baden- Wuerttemberg, Germany employs various methods for the prospection of archaeological sites, such as geomagnetics, geoelectrics, electromagnetic induction and ground penetrating radar. These techniques are used not only for the preparation of excavations but also and mainly for the documentation of sites, which should remain untouched and thus be preserved for the future.
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Airborne EM surveys applied to environmental mapping in the UK
Authors D. Beamish, A. Mattsson and M. KurimoThe first high resolution airborne electromagnetic surveys to address specific environmental issues in the UK were carried out jointly by BGS and GTK in 1999. The dual frequency, fixed wing EM system operated by GTK was used in a series of trials to acquire detailed (low elevation, small flight separation) EM data sets in addition to magnetic gradiometer and radiometric information. Targets for the surveys included colliery spoil tips and domestic and industrial landfills (both active and closed). This paper discusses the ability of the EM data to provide reliable environmental diagnostics from airborne data obtained across populated areas.
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An innovative interpretation of a challenging helicopter electromagnetic survey
Authors L. Pellerin and V. F. LabsonIn 1991 a helicopter electromagnetic (HEM) survey was acquired at the U.S. Department of Energy Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL). Data were collected by Ebasco Inc., an environmental consulting company, using the Aerodat HEM system. The strategy was to increase the resolution by reducing the flight height. In principle, a good idea, but standard interpretational procedures are not applicable at flight height approximately twice the transmitter-receiver coil separation. Hence the dataset was released to the U. S. Geological Survey for interpretation. The survey targets were buried waste sites of trenches and pits containing drums, ordinance and other objects, which are very conductive and highly three-dimensional (3D) in nature. An additional complication was the magnetic signature of the waste, basalt and soil that hosts the waste.
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An analysis of airborne transient electromagnetic data for hydrogological investigations
More LessTraditionally, frequency and time domain airborne electromagnetic (AEM) systems have been used for mineral prospecting, often in parts of the world with little environmental electromagnetic disturbance. However, the increased focus on hydrogeological investigations in many parts of the world has led to a growing interest in the possibility of using airborne systems for such purposes, even in densely populated areas (Sengpiel and Siemon 1998). This raises many interesting questions as to the resolution capabilities of AEM systems and their sensitivity to disturbing influence from ambient electromagnetic noise, and the presence of man-made structures such as power lines, buried cables, and fences.
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Assessing AEM method in mapping contaminated soil - A pilot project in eastern Germany
Authors M. Lahti, M. Kurimo and H. VanhalaAn environmental project evaluates application of airborne multisensor survey for assessment of various contaminated sites. Combination of magnetic, radiometric and dual frequency electromagnetic methods mapped in detail contaminated targets at a test area in eastem Germany. The radiometric data mapped effectively the impacts of uranium mining. Magnetic and EM data described well the landfills and tailing ponds even when they were buried. Additionally the measurements revealed new information of previously unknown possibly contaminated sites, The airborne EM method proved to be useful for assessing groundwater contamination in the vicinity of environmental risk targets. The interpretation of AEM data is validated by geophysical ground measurements and improved using numerical modelling with detailed and precise modeIs.
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Electromagnetic horizontal-loop-measurements in the salt mine of Bischofferode (Germany)
More LessDry rock salt with resistivity higher than 10-4 Ωm is undetectable with electromagnetic methods and can be considered as an insulator. On the other hand, the resistivity of brine (0.03 Ωm) is low and unlike dry rock salt a good conductor. This high resistivity contrast will be used to locate brine soaked areas or filled fissures, They imply a high risk of brine penetration and can cause fatal tunnel collapse.
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Improvement of aquifer characterisation by joint inversion of surface-NMR and geoelectric
Authors M. Hertrich and U. YaramanciA joint inversion scheme of Surface Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (SNMR) and Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) has been developed and tested in order to improve the interpretation on aquifer characteristics. Since SNMR and VES did prove a high accordance in sensitivity to water distribution, these methods can easily combined in groundwater prospecting. Their different physical principles offer a promising objective of mutual supplement on structural and hydrological interpretation.
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Inversion of surface NMR amplitudes and decay times - Examination of smooth and block inversion
Authors O. Mohnke and U. YaramanciSurface nuclear magnetic resonance (SNMR) is a new non-invasive groundwater-exploration method allowing direct determination of the water content using relaxation amplitudes and of the effective pore size, i.e. permeability using decay times [1,2,3].
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Interactive acquisition and interpretation of resistivity and EM field data based on laboratory sample behaviour
Authors G. Losito, A. Mazetti and A. TrovaPrincipal purpose of the described work is to implement an integrated and interactive geophysical DC-EM methodology that can optimise both field times and prospecting method, in environmental researches, like archaeological and poIluted soils.
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The sensitivity functions of TEM methods
Authors A. V. Christiansen and N. B. ChristensenTransient electromagnetic (TEM) soundings have proven useful in a variety of geophysical investigations, e.g. hydrogeological investigations and mineral prospecting. In many cases the investigations are carried out from an aircraft (AEM TEM) to cover large areas resulting in vast amounts of data.
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A new distributed acquisition system for ground TEM
Authors R. J. Henderson and B. O‘NeillARTEMIS is a new ground TEM system which employs the concept of distributed acquisition whereby a number of receivers can be deployed to make simultaneous TEM measurements in the same background noise environment. While also the name of a greek goddess, ARTEMIS stands for Array Receiver TEM Intelligent System. Special circuitry has been devised so that each receiver detects the transmitter pulse remotely for synchronisation. This avoids the need to use connecting cables which are logistically inconvenient and, furthermore are a souree of unwanted common mode noise. The lack of cables also makes it quicker and easier for the receivers to be deployed and in any desired array.
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Development of the TEM arbitrary impulse method
Authors I. O. Isaev, M. I. Epov, E. Y. Antonov and A. E. PlotnikovThe TEM arbitrary impulse method (AlM-TEM) is adopted for the solution of various near-surface environmental problems: • water contents, • special features ofthe geological structure, • voids, • metallic objects, etc. The method presented is useful for building and monitoring of different engineering construction: • roads, • residential area, • darns, etc. And it is the sounding pulse spectrum managing which allow one to do a sum successfully. Another important feature is the registration of very early stage of transient process.
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New technology of bases and foundations construction with soil thermal strengthening by a microwave field
Authors Y. I. Spector, O. L. Denisov, A. E. Shchepetov and S. V. ToporovA new way of soil thermal strengthening with a microwave energy has been developed last years. By this way heat is transfered into soil by means of radiation. This essentially differs the way from the traditional thermal ones, by which thermal energy is transfered by heat carrier through the soil macropores by convection. Microwave radiation penetrates into the soil to a sufficiently large depth that can be varied, the process is accompanied with the intensive absorption of electro-magnetic energy and vibration of elemental particles of minerals relative to nodes of a crystaIlic grid. As a result, a threedimensional heating of soil mass for a short time interval takes place.
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Some possibilities of electrical scanning method in landslides exploration
Authors B. Sretenovic, P. Lokin, N. Sretenovic, M. Djordjevic and S. KisinExploration of landslides and terrain which incline to sliding, aiming to prevent or reclaim these processes, is a very complex geotechnical task. In solving these problems various geophysical methods having been applied more or less successfully.
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Complex geophysical investigations at the "Verige" bridge site location
Authors B. Sretenovic, B. Glavatovic, G. Ivanovic, N. Strenenovic and V. StojanovicA complex geophysical investigations has been performed at the site projected for building the "Verige" bridge across the Boka Kotorska bay of the Adriatic Sea in Montenegro. Geological and geotehnical explorations, together with the drilling data, indicated a very complex and rapidly varying geological and geomechanical settings, consisting of steep dipping carbonate rock masses interchanging with flysch series (with the small scale steep dipping intemal layering), especially at the "Kamenari" side of the bay. Furthermore, relatively intensive faulting has been observed at that side of the bay, while the other side "Opatovo" is characterized by the relatively thick covering layer (20 meters) consisting of a rock fragments inserted in mainly clayey material and laying over the rock masses. Over 30 boreholes were drilled at both sides of the bay and under the Sea.
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