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GRSG AGM 2012 - Monitoring and Managing the Earth's Resources
- Conference date: 11 Dec 2012 - 13 Dec 2012
- Location: London, UK
- Published: 12 November 2012
21 - 40 of 51 results
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Environmental impact monitoring using spectral characteristics of vegetation and soils in the Karabash Smelter area, Mednogorsk, Central Urals.
More LessThe Copper smelter of Karabash (Mednogorsk, Central Urals) has been in active for more than 80 years. Its emissions had, and continue to have a profound impact on soils and vegetation up to a distance of at least 10 km away from the smelter. This impact is readily visible by a dramatic decrease in vegetation species diversity, soil biotic activity and changes in soil mineralogy. We identified well defined chemical and spectral trends for soil and vegetation, showing a more or less concentric zoning around the smelter. Heavy metal content of soils could be directly correlated with spectral stress indicators in birch leaves. This allows us to map the extent ofthe environmental impact using field spectroscopy very accurately.
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EO-based Product Development for Mining Environments - Progress results from the EO-MINERS project
Authors S. Chevrel, H. Coetzee, E. Ben-Dor, C. Ehrer, C. Fischer, S.R. Grebby, C. Jordan, G. Kerr, I. Livne, V. Kopačková, E. Kylychbaev, D. Rogge and S. AdarUp-to-date geospatial information is a prerequisite for a modern resource management taking potential environmental pressures, social issues associated with mining and existing mining-related changes ofthe environment into account. Based on environmental and societal indicators on different scales (local to regional), developed in close cooperation with stakeholder input on the different test sites, appropriate Earth Observation techniques, and in particular Remote Sensing techniques, have been developed. These indicators form the basis for product developments that respond to the stakeholders needs.
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Application of SAR Images to Develop the Calculation of Sea-Truth of Methane Flux to the Atmosphere mainly due to Gas Hydrate
Authors S. Kesh and A. Kumar SamadderSubmarine gas hydrates represent a large pool of greenhouse gas that may interact with the atmosphere over geologic time to affect climate cycles. In the near term, the magnitude of methane reaching the atmosphere from gas hydrate on continental margins is poorly known because (1) gas hydrate is exposed to metastable oceanic conditions in shallow, dispersed deposits that are poorly imaged by standard geophysical techniques and, (2) the consumption of methane in marine sediments and in the water column is subject to uncertainty.
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Detection of ph values in sediments in abandoned open cast lignite mine sites using hyperspectral remote sensing data
Authors C. Glässer, F. Beyer and C. GötzeMining activities pose some ofthe greatest environmental challenges worldwide. Increasingly, the environmental impacts of mining activities become an economical and social concern. The existing mine sites vary in age, geomorphological forms and processes, geochemistry, and hydrochemical properties. The technology of overburden conveyor bridges has led to extreme, profound changes in the environment. The new landscape systems are very complex, complicated and above all highly dynamic. The distribution of the cover sediments are very heterogeneous ,and varying in all geochemical properties and the hydrological regime. The cover materials showing not in any case the typical distribution of the upper layer in the dumped sediments, as we know it from natural soils or geological sites. As a result of this wide spread varying properties we can observe a very distributedvdevelopment of pioneer vegetation. The species plant type and the spatial distribution of these vegetation shows indirectly the geochemistry, and hydrological regime in this systems. They can be used as indicator for different geochemical properties, such as ph value. In relation to the sparse vegetation cover and also the pixel size of the used airborne imagine spectrometer data of the casi and HyMap sensor we developed a complex method for the pH value mapping. Based on spectral field measurements, field mapping and geochemical analyses, the algorithm include the semi-automatic endmember extraction, and the combination of linear as well as signal unmixing procedures. The methods would used successfully in different test sites in Germany and Czechia with large variety in the pH values (3.0 - 7.0). The signal unmixing of sediments and vegetation improves quality of the results of the sediment classification as well as the vegetation classification. The results can be used also for the reclamation activities in the area.
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ITRES hyperspectral & thermal mapping systems and their applications to mapping surface geology and monitoring resource extraction infrastructure
By J. HowseITRES hyperspectral & thermal mapping systems and their applications to mapping surface geology and monitoring resource extraction infrastructure. A brief description of instruments and mission work. Imagery examples will include TASI (Thermal airborne spectrographic imager (32 bands, 600 spatial pixels)) / SASI (shortwave airborne spectrographic imager (100 bands, 600 spatial pixels)) coverage of Cuprite (USA), CASI (VNIR (288 bands, 1500 spatial pixels)) / SASI over Chanarcillo, Chile and TABI1800 (broadband MIR (1800 spatial pixels)) over active subsurface coal fires (North America).
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Kalimantan geological features interpreted in remote sensing data
Authors F. Agustin, J. Sidarto and S. MawardiIndonesia geological maps 1:250,000 scale of Sumatera, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Maluku & Papua, and 1:100,000 scale of Java had been carried out since early 1970s. Energy and mineral resources explorations and development area planning, however, need 1:50,000 scale geological maps. And it will be time consuming to conduct the geological mapping considered the large coverage area of Indonesia. In relation with the geological mapping, the Centre for Survey Geology, Geological Agency of Indonesia is carrying out 1:50,000 scale geological mapping based on remote sensing data.
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Geothermal Exploration using Airborne Thermal Survey over the Silali Geothermal Prospect, Kenya
Authors A. Friese, J. Mutua, T. Lopeyok, I. Kanda, M. Mutonga, F. Kühn and N. OchmannThe Geothermal Development Company (GDC) of Kenya and the German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) cooperated on the project "High Resolution Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing for Geothermal Site Characterization at Silali, Northern Kenya Rift" in 2011 and 2012. This project is part of the GEOTHERM Programme "Promoting the utilization of geothermal energy in developing countries", financed by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ).
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Landslide susceptibility assessment for the Toktogul region of Kyrgyzstan, Central Asia
By M. WhitworthIn Kyrgyzstan landslides represent one of the major natural hazards due to their frequent occurrences. They are especially concentrated in the Southern Tien Shan mountains along the eastern rim of the Fergana Basin within the foothills of its surrounding mountain ranges. Since this region is densely inhabited, landslides lead to damage of settlements and infrastructure and loss of human lives on a regular basis. This paper presents the results of a landslide susceptibility mapping project undertaken at Portsmouth University using a combination of high resolution imagery and OEM data for landslide mapping, field mapping and verification, GIS integration of the landslide inventory database for the area and spatial analysis to derive landslide susceptibility zones. Results of GIS analysis are presented along with examples of types of landslide hazards present in the Tien Shan region.
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Initial comparison of mineral mapping simultaneously collected hyperspectral short-wave infrared (SWIR) and long-wave infrared (LWIR) data over Cuprite, Nevada.
Authors D. Riley and J. JanaskieRock forming and alteration minerals associated the Cuprite mining district, southwestern Nevada, USA have electronic and vibrational features that can be mapped in the short-wave and long-wave infrared portion ofthe electromagnetic spectrum. Since the 1970's numerous visible to short-wave infrared and a few long-wave infrared multispectral and hyperspectral sensors have imaged Cuprite, Nevada for sensor evaluation and demonstration and phenomenological studies. In 2008 Cuprite, Nevada was imaged simultaneously with two hyperspectral sensors, one visible to short-wave infrared (VNIR-SWIR) and one mid-wave to long-wave infrared (MWIR-lWIR), on a single roll stage looking through a single camera port on the aircraft. Twenty flight lines were collected over Cuprite at an average altitude of 4735 m. The sensors used were the Prospectir sensor, a 357 channel hyperspectral sensor that makes radiance measurements in the visible to short-wave infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum (0.4-2.5 11m), and the Spatially Enhanced Broadband Array Spectrograph System (SEBASS) that makes radiance measurements in the mid-wave to long-wave infrared portion ofthe electromagnetic spectrum (3.0-5.5 11m and 7.6-13.5 11m).
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Ground Truthing & Spectral Geology Mineral Exploration - Challenges & Opportunities
Authors L.M. Wickert, W.A. Morris and J. PercivalHyperspectral data is becoming increasingly accessible to the mineral exploration industry, and this is only expected to increase with the launch of new hyperspectral (HS) satellites in the future. The use of multispectral (MS) data, such as ASTER, has increased significantly in mineral exploration the last decade, and this t rend is expected to continue. The upcoming launch of WorldView-3, with bandwidths that both replicate those of ASTER-SWIR+, and include those from WorldView-2, a high resolution satellite will propagate this trend.
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Mapping the Metamorphic Grade of Volcanic Rocks of an Archean Granite-Greenstone Belt with Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors F.J.A. Van Ruitenbeek, M.S. Abweny, B.de Smeth and F.D. Van der MeerNear-infrared spectroscopy has been used for the identification and characterization of hydrothermal alteration zones associated with mineralization in a variety of lithologies and geologic settings. The aim ofthis study is to determine whether we can also use near-infrared spectroscopy for the estimating metamorphic grade in volcanic rock in Archean greenstone belts. The study was carried out on rock samples collected from selected Archean greenstone belts in in the East Pilbara Granite-Greenstone Terrane in Australia. Reflectance spectra in the range of 350nm to 2500nm of the 215 rock samples were measured in the ITC spectroscopy laboratory using ASD Fieldspec Pro spectrometer. The spectral minerals were interpreted and compared with thin sections and complementary geochemical and geological dataset obtained from published studies. The volcanic rocks contained the following spectrally detectable minerals: Chlorite (Fe-chlorite, intermediate and Mg-chlorite), amphiboles (hornblende and actinolite), white mica (illite, muscovite and phengite) and prehnite. Three metamorphic subfacies within the greenschist facies were interpreted based on the Mg-OH (2310-2360nm) absorption feature: 1) a zone containing Fe-chlorite; 2) a zone containing intermediate chlorite + epidote; and 3) a zone containing intermediate chlorite + actinolite and hornblende, in addition to the amphibolite facies. Prehnite-pumpellyite metamorphic facies could be identified from the 1470nm feature of prehnite. Near-infrared spectroscopy together with major elements lithogeochemistry appeared to be useful to characterize (low-grade) metamorphosed volcanic rocks in the East Pilbara Granite-Greenstone Terrane. The results are useful for the interpretation of near-infrared spectral data sets of for geological mapping and mineral exploration.
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Future directions (trends) of remote sensing data
By D. BackesDuring the last decade we have seen a steep evolution in the capabilities and availability of Remote Sensing Sensors, platforms and the computer technology (Hardware and Software) necessary to handle ever increasing mountains of data. The ever accelerating rate of progress and changes is driven by the advances in enabling technologies like Computer Science, Robotics, Sensor technologies, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), on one hand, and the requirements of demanding applications and the democratisation of technology and data, on the other hand. For example demands by Military and Security applications have let to the development of sophisticated Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) in various shapes and sizes are capable of deploying the most advanced Remote Sensing Sensors. The appearance of publicly available mapping systems like Google maps and Bing maps has sparked an awareness and interest in Geospatial data that has never been seen before.
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Airborne Hyperspectral Applications in Southern Africa
By A. FortescueThis presentation will demonstrate outputs from joint Southern Mapping,/SpecTIR airborne hyperspectral campaigns in Southern Africa. It will include examples of Acid Mine Drainage Detection, identification of Asbestos Contamination, alien vegetation mapping and hydrocarbon spill detection. It will also include some preliminary exploration outputs from the Tete coal fields in Mozambique. It will also show how Lidar/Hyperspectral data fusion can be utilised for rapid mapping of urban features required for operational mine monitoring. 87
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Measuring Mars sand flux seasonality from a time series of images
Authors F. Ayoub, S. Leprince, J.-P. Avouac and N. BridgesIn desert environment, the volumetric transport rate of sand, or flux, is a fundamental quantity that relates to the rate of landscape evolution through surface deposition and erosion. Infrastructures in areas subject to sand displacement may take advantage of a global, yet locally accurate, sand mobility assessment in their surroundings. Here we present a series of dune mobility studies carried out from optical satellite images and the COSI-Corr tool suite.
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Hyperspectral mapping of the Sirwa region, Anti-Atlas Mountains, Morocco
Authors D.W. Coulter, M. Bekkali, A. Hamzaoui, P.L. Hauff, W.F. Kerby, D.C. Peters and O. WeatherbeeDuring the summer of 2009 the Moroccan government executed a hyperspectral survey under the direction of the Office National des Hydrocarbures et des Mines (ONHYM) over the Sirwa (Siroua) region ofthe Anti-Atlas Mountains. The purposes ofthe survey were to develop an improved understanding of existing mines and prospects, generate new mineral exploration targets, and stimulate outside investment in exploration for the area. This talk will present some selected results of the survey.
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Phyllosilicate Mapping of Southern Noctis Labyrinthus, Mars Using CRISM Multispectral & Hyperspectral Data
Authors J. Anderson and R. LucasNoctis Labyrinthus is a region of chaotic terrain situated at the head of Valles Marineris in eastern Tharsis. The area is known to contain hydrated minerals, specifically phyllosilicates, though their full extent remains unmapped. The CRISM instrument on board Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter is perfectly suited to mapping the surface mineralogy in detail.
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Full-spectrum VNIR and SWIR hyperspectral imager in a single instrument
Authors P. Nygren, T. Hyvärinen, K. Kataja, R. Jaskari, J. Okkonen, I. Kormano, E. Herrala and A. RoosThe best full spectrum solutions currently integrate two separate push-broom hyperspectral cameras, VNIR and SWIR, in a platform where they are mechanically aligned to image the target with two parallel field of views (FOV).lt results in a bulky construction which is prone to misalignment. The biggest issue with two separate FOVs is that pixel registration in the VNIR and SWIR image changes with varying distance to the target. It complicates and retards image processing, particularly in near real-time applications.
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Integrated analysis of WV2, Hyperspectral and UAV imagery for environmental monitoring in Rosia Montana, Romania
By M. GoossensThe Gold deposit of Rosia Montana, located in the Romanian "Golden Quadrilateral" has been mined since Roman times. In 2006 the Romanian government, who owned the deposit, closed down the operations because production was no longer economic. In 1999 Gabriel resources obtained the concession and is now planning to open a new mine with a reserve of 10 million ounces of Gold and 47 million ounces of Silver.
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Volcanic environments monitoring by drones: mount Etna and mud volcano case studies
Authors S. Amici, M. Turci, F. Giulietti, S. Giammanco, M.F. Buongiorno and A. La SpinaVolcanic activity has often affected human life both at large and at small scale. For example, the 2010 Eyjafjallajokull eruption caused severe economic damage at continental scale due to its strong effect on air traffic. At a local scale, ash fall and lava flow emission can cause harm and disruption. Understanding precursory signals to volcanic eruptions is still an open and tricky matter: tremors and gas emissions, for example, are related to upcoming eruptive activity but the mechanisms are not yet completely understood. Furthermore, information related to gases emission mostly comes from the summit crater area of a volcano, which is usually hard to investigate with required accuracy.
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Using the TABI1800 thermal system for the monitoring and remote detection of underground coal fires in a variety of environments
By J. HowseThe use of broadband thermal mapping (TABI1800) of primary resource infrastructure in terms of short-term (emergency) response, geothermal detection & hazard monitoring.
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