- Home
- Conferences
- Conference Proceedings
- Conferences
GRSG AGM 2012 - Monitoring and Managing the Earth's Resources
- Conference date: 11 Dec 2012 - 13 Dec 2012
- Location: London, UK
- Published: 12 November 2012
51 results
-
-
The Pleiades I SPOT6-7 constellation
By J. SoubiraneBuilt by Astrium, Europe's leading space technology company, the SPOT 6 Earth observation satellite has been successfully launched on September 9th 2012, by a PSLV launcher from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in India. SPOT 6 is fully funded by Astrium Services. SPOT 6 is a high resolution optical Earth observation satellite. Like its twin SPOT 7, which is slated for launch early 2014, SPOT 6 keeps the 60-km swath that made the success ofthe SPOT series and delivers imagery products with a resolution down to 1.5 metres at nadir. SPOT 6 and SPOT 7 will ensure service continuity from the SPOT 4 and SPOT 5 satellites, which have been operating since 1998 and 2002 respectively.
-
-
-
Using of SAR data and InSAR techniques for long term monitoring of oil and gas fields and power engineering infrastructure in Western Siberia
Authors A. Filatov, A. Evtyushkin and V. BryksinGiven work presents results of interferometric processing of series of multi-temporal radar data ofthe ALOS\PALSAR and ENVISAT\ASAR sensors. The importance ofthe given work is defined by necessity of decrease breakdown susceptibilities of oil and gas pipelines. Geodynamic monitoring must include creation ofthe fixed reference points system both in limits of hydrocarbon field contour and outside of it (Le. in the area of possible man-caused deformation and outside of this area).
-
-
-
Advanced Satellite Interferometry for Reservoir Management: Onshore Applications and Offshore Perspectives
Authors M. Basilico, A. Rucci, S. Del Conte, F. Novali and A. TamburiniReservoir monitoring improves our understanding of reservoir behavior and helps achieve more effective reservoir management and prediction offuture performance with obvious economic benefits. It relies on an integrated approach involving both surveillance and modeling.
-
-
-
Spectral and chemical characterization of onshore hydrocarbon seepsinduced alterations in evaporite and marly limestone formations: a laboratory experiment
Authors S. Salati, F.J.A. Van Ruitenbeek, J.B. De Smeth and F.D. Van der MeerThe presence of hydrocarbon seep is an indirect evidence of the presence of mature source rocks within a geological system. Chemical changes in the environment of surface rocks provided by hydrocarbon seeps form mineralogical alterations. This work focuses on the use of laboratory experiments to recognize chemical and spectral characteristics of hydrocarbon seeps-induced alterations in evaporite and marly limestone formations. To determine the influence of lithology and types of seeps on alterations, rock samples were collected from altered and unaltered Gachsaran (evaporite) and the Mishan (marly limestone) formations in the Dezful embayment, SW Iran (Fig. 1), and subsequently analyzed. Reflectance spectra of samples were measured by ASD spectrometer and chemical characteristics compositions of the samples were acquired by portable XRF analyzer. The concentrations of gypsum and calcite were quantified by the wet chemical analysis. In addition, altered and unaltered samples were analyzed for carbon, oxygen, and sulfur isotope compositions. Comparisons of chemical data and reflectance spectroscopy of altered evaporites and altered marly limestones show that the minerals within alterations facies have distinctive spectral signatures which can be used to map spatial heterogeneities in mineralogy of cap rock (Gachsaran) and its overlaid formation (Mishan) in the Zagros oil fields. The spatial distribution of alteration minerals and the relationships between these types of alteration are important for interpreting hydrocarbon migration pathways.
-
-
-
EO Environmental Sensitivity Index for Oil Industries
By M.J. YagüeGovernments and international organisations have long adopted consensus and given guidance on sensitivity mapping for oil spill response. Effective oil spill crisis response requires contingency plans, of which, environmental sensitivity index (ESI) maps are part. Sensitivity maps provide a comprehensive view ofthe territory, whether inland or shoreline, and the sensitive resources at risk in the event of an oil spill. Objectives of ESI maps may be strategic, tactical or operational, aligned with the scope of the contingency plans.
-
-
-
Risk reduction by use of remote sensing tools - the example of seismic hazard assessment
Authors J. Manning and M. FreeSuccessful delivery of engineering projects requires identification of potential hazards and subsequent development of risk management strategies for the project. Engineering projects are undertaken in a wide range of natural terrains with widely varying geohazards and ground related hazards.
-
-
-
The Live land Project: using EO and space technology to asses and monitor landslide and subsidence risk
Authors S. Almond, C. Farquhar, G. Timms, H. Reeves, K. Lee, A. Thomas, W. Roberts and H. ByeLive Land is an ESA integrated application promotion (lAP) feasibility study with an overall objective to allow users to better manage the hazards and exposures oftheir transport infrastructure and associated assets against landslide and subsidence events. Live Land will assess the viability of developing a suite of services driven by the needs and requirements of end user organisations, drawing on a unique 'catalogue' concept, incorporating a suite of enabling technologies (Spaceborne and in-situ) that could improve the forecasting, monitoring and alerting of landslides and subsidence.
-
-
-
The application of remote sensed data for landslide hazard assessment for engineering and planning purposes: a UK perspective
More LessThe use of remote sensing data for land use planning and engineering purposes in the UK has accelerated with increasing availability. High resolution LiDAR models, commonly avalaible as O.2Smm resolution data, is becoming standard practice for detailed landslide hazard assessment studies. This new generation of high precision data, coupled with developments in pointcloud visualisation software with remote mapping functionality, is providing engineering geologists and engineering geomorphologists with a powerful new set of tools for landslide identification and feature interpreatation for applied geological mapping purposes. We present two recent case studies of landslide hazard characterisation and zonation from two UK Jurassic escarpments, in North Yorkshire and the Cotswolds. The ability to map UK landslides through typical UK forest cover and the use of LiDAR for developing landslide hazard susceptibility models at various scales is also discussed with examples from Yorkshire.
-
-
-
Landslide monitoring by integration of spectroscopy and radar sensors
Authors A. Novellino, D. Di Martire, M. Ramondini, S. Tessitore and D. CalcaterraLandslides, along with earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, are among the greatest natural hazards for people and infrastructure safety, which, given the urban development, require increasing attention in order to mitigate the resulting risk. To this aim, in recent years monitoring has become one the main non-structural ways adopted to better understand the territorial susceptibility to hazardous phenomena such as slope instabilities; ground deformations can be usefully monitored by means of remote sensing techniques, particularly those based upon satellite platforms.
-
-
-
Satellite radar interferometry for engineering applications
Authors C. Giannico, S. Alberti, S. Del Conte, F. Bellotti, A. Ferreti and M. BasilicoSatellite radar interferometry allows the measurement of ground displacements to millimeter accuracy. SqueeSAR'M, the latest evolution of "multi interferogram" techniques, is one of today's most advanced technologies for ground deformation analysis and monitoring. It exploits long temporal series of satellite radar data, acquired over the same area of interest at different times, to identify "natural radar targets", that return stable radar reflections over time back to the satellite, where millimetre precise displacement information can be retrieved. The technique does not require the installation of any ground instrumentation. Objects identified by satellite typically correspond to man-made structures (such as buildings, street lights) or natural targets (such as rock outcrops and un-vegetated surfaces).
-
-
-
The COSI-Corr tools: Emerging techniques to monitor and quantify ground deformation using high resolution optical imagery and multitemporal LiDAR
Authors S. Leprince, F. Ayoub, B. Conejo and J.-P. AvouacCOSI-Corr is a suite of algorithms to accurately monitor the Earth's surface using satellite or aerial imagery. We wi" present the fundamental principles of COSI-Corr, which are the key ingredients to achieve sub-pixel registration and sub-pixel measurement accuracy between multi-temporal images. In particular, we demonstrate how ground deformations, involving different types of geomorphological processes, can be recovered using either multi-angle high-resolution optical imagery, or multi-temporal LiDAR acquisitions. We wi" show how the COSI-Corr framework is applied to various types of images to extract 2D, 3D, or even 4D deformation fields.
-
-
-
The Hexagon Advantage: The Dynamic GIS - Introducing the ERDAS IMAGINE Spatial Modeler
By O. ZimmermanAs Hexagon now unites Intergraph, ERDAS and Leica Geosystems, industry-leading providers of geospatial software and hardware, it has aligned the means to offer the geospatial industry the Dynamic GIS, an integrated geospatial system capable of translating change, on the fly, into actionable information. Consumers will finally have the ability to use a single, streamlined system to complete the entire geospatial information lifecycle: capturing geospatial data using sensor technology; processing vector, raster, terrain data into actionable information; managing, fusing, and sharing geospatial data across departments and regions; and finally, rapidly and securely delivering integrated information products, ensuring individuals can make timely decisions. The Dynamic GIS presents a powerful and convenient alternative to the current reality of fragmented systems with incompatibilities and obstacles hampering the swift flow of geospatial data from terrestrial, airborne and orbital sensors to the eyes of decision-makers. Just one component of the Dynamic GIS is Next-Generation Spatial modelling.
-
-
-
Advantages of using InSAR technology to monitor civil engineering infrastructures
By M. De FaragoNew technologies are increasingly being accepted and used for monitoring civil engineering infrastructures, specifically to study ground and infrastructures deformation before, during and after construction. These technologies reinforce the measurements obtained with more conventional technologies and/or complement them.
-
-
-
Some engineering geological applications for terrestriallidar
More LessThe application ofterrestrial LiDAR, laser scanning, in earth science has greatly increased in the last decade. Starting from the quarry and architectural industries significant developments in laser optics and hardware enabled the technique to rival and then surpass photogrammetry as the best way of producing 3D computer generated models of stationary objects. Engineering geologists started to recognise the benefits of terrestrial LiDAR in the late 1990's, utilising its ability to model landslides, active volcanoes, eroding coastlines and other geohazards. The development of long and ultra-long range laser scanners has enabled the modelling of remote or potentially unsafe locations that were previously difficult, or impossible, to model.
-
-
-
Multi Frequency Satellite SAR Interferometry Applied to Land Subsidence Monitoring in Bandung Basin, Indonesia
Authors M.F. Syafiudin, A. Sowter, P. Aplin and T. Thuy VuProblems associated with land subsidence and ground deformation have been occuring in many places in the world. The Bandung basin in West Java Province, Indonesia is reported to have been subsiding for the last decade at an alarming rate which appears to be primarily due to groundwater over-extraction . The increase in population and industry as a consequence of rapid economic growth in Bandung city has an impact on the rate of groundwater withdrawal. Secondary factors which may potentially contribute to the land subsidence phenomena in the area include seismicity-related fault movements and volcanogenic displacements. The economic loss and environmental impact caused by land subsidence in the area cannot be neglected.
-
-
-
land Motion Observed by DlnSAR in the South Derbyshire and leicestershire Coalfield
Authors A. Sowter, L. Bateson, P. Strange, K. Ambrose and M.F. SyafiudinIn this paper we examine the results of an advanced differential interferometric SAR (DlnSAR) survey of a former coal mining area in the UK. The specific technique used, called the Intermittently Coherent Point (ICP) method, is based on the small baseline subset (SBAS) method which takes a stack of SAR observations and estimates linear and non-linear motion through the analysis of a subset ofthe available differential interferograms. The method is able to significantly resolve such measurements in rural areas, currently a limitation ofthe standard SBAS technique. The area of interest is the National Forest area around the towns of Swadlincote and Coalville in the East Midlands of the UK. 32 ENVISAT ASAR observations over the period from 2003-2009 were used in the analysis and the results show clear areas of uplift corresponding to the coal measures of mines that were abandoned in the early 1990s. It has been suggested that the uplift is due to groundwater recovery after mine closure. Furthermore, there is a very strong relationship between the areas of uplift and the faults in the area.
-
-
-
Monitoring landslides in the Three Gorges region, China, using multiple SAR techniques
Authors A. Singleton, Z. Li, T. Hoey and S. WheelerLandslides have long been the most frequent and widespread geohazard in the Three Gorges region. Over the last decade, construction ofthe Three Gorges dam project has created a 600 km long reservoir with a bi-annual fluctuating water-level which has also been shown to reactivate ancient landslides. InSAR techniques have demonstrated the ability to monitor ground deformation with centimetre precision over large areas and offer the most comprehensive method for monitoring landslides in the Three Gorges region. Within the study area, major limitations include atmospheric water vapour, steep slopes and in particular, temporal decorrelation between SAR image acquisitions caused by dense vegetation. When interierograms are incoherent, it restricts the ability to extract a reliable time-series of measurements. To combat this problem, pixel-offset techniques using SAR amplitude images have been employed to enhance the coverage of measurements within the landslide areas and a small-baseline time-series approach (similar to the SBAS-lnSAR time-series approach) has been used to monitor the evolution of landslide movements.
-
-
-
Geohazards in Greater London identified from geological and Persistent Scatterers data
Authors F. Cigna, H. Jordan and L. BatesonIn the framework ofthe EU FP7 PanGeo project, the 27 European National Geological Surveys are generating validated geohazard layers depicting areas of observed and potential ground instability for 52 of the largest towns across Europe. These will be made freely accessible and usable via a portal to the general public, local authority planners and regulators, geological surveys, geoscience institutes and policy-makers involved in the assessment, mapping and management of geological risks. The first product generated by the British Geological Survey (BGS) covers the administrative area of Greater London (~1,580 km2 ), and consists of a polygon-wise Ground Stability Layer showing location, extent and typology ofthe observed and potential geohazards, and associated Geohazard Description document, a supporting report which describes in detail the geological setting and places of interest affected by each geohazard, the level of confidence in the interpretation and digitization of the polygons, and any evidence supporting the interpretation. The identification of geohazards in London is performed through combined interpretation of geological, land use and other geospatiallayers and datasets available at BGS, together with satellite ERS1/2 and ENVISAT Persistent Scatterers (PS) ground motion data for 1992-2010, generated by Fugro NPA Ltd. The PanGeo product identifies ~450 km2 of observed and -1,240 km2 of potential geohazards over Greater London. Potential for natural ground movements (shrink-swell clays, and compressible ground) is observed for the majority of the area. Geohazards observed through the PS data include both natural processes (compaction of the River Thames sediments) and anthropogenic instability due to water abstraction and recent engineering works (e.g., Jubilee Line Extension). Integration with the GMES Land Theme's Urban Atlas shows the landcover/landuse polygons influenced by such hazards, and supports the end-users in the management of geohazards and induced risks within the concerned area. 62
-
-
-
Towards nationwide monitoring of geohazards with InSAR technologies: feasibility mapping over the landmass of Great Britain
Authors F. Cigna, L. Bateson, C. Jordan and C. DashwoodThe British Geological Survey (BGS) is the national geoscience centre, and is the UK's premier provider of geoscientific data, information and knowledge for wealth creation, sustainable use of natural resources, reducing risk and living with the impacts of environmental change. Alongside the full range of geohazard information, the BGS maintains the National Landslide Database and the Earth & Planetary Observation and Monitoring Team is constantly assessing and developing new technologies for geohazard mapping. Building upon successful achievements of recent applications of InSAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry) and PSI (Persistent Scatterer Interferometry) in other EU countries such as Italy, Switzerland and The Netherlands, this study aims to map the topographic and land use feasibility of these technologies to monitor ground motions over the entire landmass of Great Britain.
-
-
-
Low-cost geoinformatic approaches to assess coastal hazards
More LessCurrently about 60% ofthe world's population live within 100km to the coast. There is a significant tendency for migration towards the coast, accompanied by a strong global urbanisation trend. The highest rates of population growth until 2050 are expected in "developing" countries. Many of those do not have the data or the financial, technological and expert-knowledge sources for complicated, time consuming and expensive disaster risk assessments.
-
-
-
Environmental impact monitoring using spectral characteristics of vegetation and soils in the Karabash Smelter area, Mednogorsk, Central Urals.
More LessThe Copper smelter of Karabash (Mednogorsk, Central Urals) has been in active for more than 80 years. Its emissions had, and continue to have a profound impact on soils and vegetation up to a distance of at least 10 km away from the smelter. This impact is readily visible by a dramatic decrease in vegetation species diversity, soil biotic activity and changes in soil mineralogy. We identified well defined chemical and spectral trends for soil and vegetation, showing a more or less concentric zoning around the smelter. Heavy metal content of soils could be directly correlated with spectral stress indicators in birch leaves. This allows us to map the extent ofthe environmental impact using field spectroscopy very accurately.
-
-
-
EO-based Product Development for Mining Environments - Progress results from the EO-MINERS project
Authors S. Chevrel, H. Coetzee, E. Ben-Dor, C. Ehrer, C. Fischer, S.R. Grebby, C. Jordan, G. Kerr, I. Livne, V. Kopačková, E. Kylychbaev, D. Rogge and S. AdarUp-to-date geospatial information is a prerequisite for a modern resource management taking potential environmental pressures, social issues associated with mining and existing mining-related changes ofthe environment into account. Based on environmental and societal indicators on different scales (local to regional), developed in close cooperation with stakeholder input on the different test sites, appropriate Earth Observation techniques, and in particular Remote Sensing techniques, have been developed. These indicators form the basis for product developments that respond to the stakeholders needs.
-
-
-
Application of SAR Images to Develop the Calculation of Sea-Truth of Methane Flux to the Atmosphere mainly due to Gas Hydrate
Authors S. Kesh and A. Kumar SamadderSubmarine gas hydrates represent a large pool of greenhouse gas that may interact with the atmosphere over geologic time to affect climate cycles. In the near term, the magnitude of methane reaching the atmosphere from gas hydrate on continental margins is poorly known because (1) gas hydrate is exposed to metastable oceanic conditions in shallow, dispersed deposits that are poorly imaged by standard geophysical techniques and, (2) the consumption of methane in marine sediments and in the water column is subject to uncertainty.
-
-
-
Detection of ph values in sediments in abandoned open cast lignite mine sites using hyperspectral remote sensing data
Authors C. Glässer, F. Beyer and C. GötzeMining activities pose some ofthe greatest environmental challenges worldwide. Increasingly, the environmental impacts of mining activities become an economical and social concern. The existing mine sites vary in age, geomorphological forms and processes, geochemistry, and hydrochemical properties. The technology of overburden conveyor bridges has led to extreme, profound changes in the environment. The new landscape systems are very complex, complicated and above all highly dynamic. The distribution of the cover sediments are very heterogeneous ,and varying in all geochemical properties and the hydrological regime. The cover materials showing not in any case the typical distribution of the upper layer in the dumped sediments, as we know it from natural soils or geological sites. As a result of this wide spread varying properties we can observe a very distributedvdevelopment of pioneer vegetation. The species plant type and the spatial distribution of these vegetation shows indirectly the geochemistry, and hydrological regime in this systems. They can be used as indicator for different geochemical properties, such as ph value. In relation to the sparse vegetation cover and also the pixel size of the used airborne imagine spectrometer data of the casi and HyMap sensor we developed a complex method for the pH value mapping. Based on spectral field measurements, field mapping and geochemical analyses, the algorithm include the semi-automatic endmember extraction, and the combination of linear as well as signal unmixing procedures. The methods would used successfully in different test sites in Germany and Czechia with large variety in the pH values (3.0 - 7.0). The signal unmixing of sediments and vegetation improves quality of the results of the sediment classification as well as the vegetation classification. The results can be used also for the reclamation activities in the area.
-
-
-
ITRES hyperspectral & thermal mapping systems and their applications to mapping surface geology and monitoring resource extraction infrastructure
By J. HowseITRES hyperspectral & thermal mapping systems and their applications to mapping surface geology and monitoring resource extraction infrastructure. A brief description of instruments and mission work. Imagery examples will include TASI (Thermal airborne spectrographic imager (32 bands, 600 spatial pixels)) / SASI (shortwave airborne spectrographic imager (100 bands, 600 spatial pixels)) coverage of Cuprite (USA), CASI (VNIR (288 bands, 1500 spatial pixels)) / SASI over Chanarcillo, Chile and TABI1800 (broadband MIR (1800 spatial pixels)) over active subsurface coal fires (North America).
-
-
-
Kalimantan geological features interpreted in remote sensing data
Authors F. Agustin, J. Sidarto and S. MawardiIndonesia geological maps 1:250,000 scale of Sumatera, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Maluku & Papua, and 1:100,000 scale of Java had been carried out since early 1970s. Energy and mineral resources explorations and development area planning, however, need 1:50,000 scale geological maps. And it will be time consuming to conduct the geological mapping considered the large coverage area of Indonesia. In relation with the geological mapping, the Centre for Survey Geology, Geological Agency of Indonesia is carrying out 1:50,000 scale geological mapping based on remote sensing data.
-
-
-
Geothermal Exploration using Airborne Thermal Survey over the Silali Geothermal Prospect, Kenya
Authors A. Friese, J. Mutua, T. Lopeyok, I. Kanda, M. Mutonga, F. Kühn and N. OchmannThe Geothermal Development Company (GDC) of Kenya and the German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) cooperated on the project "High Resolution Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing for Geothermal Site Characterization at Silali, Northern Kenya Rift" in 2011 and 2012. This project is part of the GEOTHERM Programme "Promoting the utilization of geothermal energy in developing countries", financed by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ).
-
-
-
Landslide susceptibility assessment for the Toktogul region of Kyrgyzstan, Central Asia
By M. WhitworthIn Kyrgyzstan landslides represent one of the major natural hazards due to their frequent occurrences. They are especially concentrated in the Southern Tien Shan mountains along the eastern rim of the Fergana Basin within the foothills of its surrounding mountain ranges. Since this region is densely inhabited, landslides lead to damage of settlements and infrastructure and loss of human lives on a regular basis. This paper presents the results of a landslide susceptibility mapping project undertaken at Portsmouth University using a combination of high resolution imagery and OEM data for landslide mapping, field mapping and verification, GIS integration of the landslide inventory database for the area and spatial analysis to derive landslide susceptibility zones. Results of GIS analysis are presented along with examples of types of landslide hazards present in the Tien Shan region.
-
-
-
Initial comparison of mineral mapping simultaneously collected hyperspectral short-wave infrared (SWIR) and long-wave infrared (LWIR) data over Cuprite, Nevada.
Authors D. Riley and J. JanaskieRock forming and alteration minerals associated the Cuprite mining district, southwestern Nevada, USA have electronic and vibrational features that can be mapped in the short-wave and long-wave infrared portion ofthe electromagnetic spectrum. Since the 1970's numerous visible to short-wave infrared and a few long-wave infrared multispectral and hyperspectral sensors have imaged Cuprite, Nevada for sensor evaluation and demonstration and phenomenological studies. In 2008 Cuprite, Nevada was imaged simultaneously with two hyperspectral sensors, one visible to short-wave infrared (VNIR-SWIR) and one mid-wave to long-wave infrared (MWIR-lWIR), on a single roll stage looking through a single camera port on the aircraft. Twenty flight lines were collected over Cuprite at an average altitude of 4735 m. The sensors used were the Prospectir sensor, a 357 channel hyperspectral sensor that makes radiance measurements in the visible to short-wave infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum (0.4-2.5 11m), and the Spatially Enhanced Broadband Array Spectrograph System (SEBASS) that makes radiance measurements in the mid-wave to long-wave infrared portion ofthe electromagnetic spectrum (3.0-5.5 11m and 7.6-13.5 11m).
-
-
-
Ground Truthing & Spectral Geology Mineral Exploration - Challenges & Opportunities
Authors L.M. Wickert, W.A. Morris and J. PercivalHyperspectral data is becoming increasingly accessible to the mineral exploration industry, and this is only expected to increase with the launch of new hyperspectral (HS) satellites in the future. The use of multispectral (MS) data, such as ASTER, has increased significantly in mineral exploration the last decade, and this t rend is expected to continue. The upcoming launch of WorldView-3, with bandwidths that both replicate those of ASTER-SWIR+, and include those from WorldView-2, a high resolution satellite will propagate this trend.
-
-
-
Mapping the Metamorphic Grade of Volcanic Rocks of an Archean Granite-Greenstone Belt with Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors F.J.A. Van Ruitenbeek, M.S. Abweny, B.de Smeth and F.D. Van der MeerNear-infrared spectroscopy has been used for the identification and characterization of hydrothermal alteration zones associated with mineralization in a variety of lithologies and geologic settings. The aim ofthis study is to determine whether we can also use near-infrared spectroscopy for the estimating metamorphic grade in volcanic rock in Archean greenstone belts. The study was carried out on rock samples collected from selected Archean greenstone belts in in the East Pilbara Granite-Greenstone Terrane in Australia. Reflectance spectra in the range of 350nm to 2500nm of the 215 rock samples were measured in the ITC spectroscopy laboratory using ASD Fieldspec Pro spectrometer. The spectral minerals were interpreted and compared with thin sections and complementary geochemical and geological dataset obtained from published studies. The volcanic rocks contained the following spectrally detectable minerals: Chlorite (Fe-chlorite, intermediate and Mg-chlorite), amphiboles (hornblende and actinolite), white mica (illite, muscovite and phengite) and prehnite. Three metamorphic subfacies within the greenschist facies were interpreted based on the Mg-OH (2310-2360nm) absorption feature: 1) a zone containing Fe-chlorite; 2) a zone containing intermediate chlorite + epidote; and 3) a zone containing intermediate chlorite + actinolite and hornblende, in addition to the amphibolite facies. Prehnite-pumpellyite metamorphic facies could be identified from the 1470nm feature of prehnite. Near-infrared spectroscopy together with major elements lithogeochemistry appeared to be useful to characterize (low-grade) metamorphosed volcanic rocks in the East Pilbara Granite-Greenstone Terrane. The results are useful for the interpretation of near-infrared spectral data sets of for geological mapping and mineral exploration.
-
-
-
Future directions (trends) of remote sensing data
By D. BackesDuring the last decade we have seen a steep evolution in the capabilities and availability of Remote Sensing Sensors, platforms and the computer technology (Hardware and Software) necessary to handle ever increasing mountains of data. The ever accelerating rate of progress and changes is driven by the advances in enabling technologies like Computer Science, Robotics, Sensor technologies, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), on one hand, and the requirements of demanding applications and the democratisation of technology and data, on the other hand. For example demands by Military and Security applications have let to the development of sophisticated Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) in various shapes and sizes are capable of deploying the most advanced Remote Sensing Sensors. The appearance of publicly available mapping systems like Google maps and Bing maps has sparked an awareness and interest in Geospatial data that has never been seen before.
-
-
-
Airborne Hyperspectral Applications in Southern Africa
By A. FortescueThis presentation will demonstrate outputs from joint Southern Mapping,/SpecTIR airborne hyperspectral campaigns in Southern Africa. It will include examples of Acid Mine Drainage Detection, identification of Asbestos Contamination, alien vegetation mapping and hydrocarbon spill detection. It will also include some preliminary exploration outputs from the Tete coal fields in Mozambique. It will also show how Lidar/Hyperspectral data fusion can be utilised for rapid mapping of urban features required for operational mine monitoring. 87
-
-
-
Measuring Mars sand flux seasonality from a time series of images
Authors F. Ayoub, S. Leprince, J.-P. Avouac and N. BridgesIn desert environment, the volumetric transport rate of sand, or flux, is a fundamental quantity that relates to the rate of landscape evolution through surface deposition and erosion. Infrastructures in areas subject to sand displacement may take advantage of a global, yet locally accurate, sand mobility assessment in their surroundings. Here we present a series of dune mobility studies carried out from optical satellite images and the COSI-Corr tool suite.
-
-
-
Hyperspectral mapping of the Sirwa region, Anti-Atlas Mountains, Morocco
Authors D.W. Coulter, M. Bekkali, A. Hamzaoui, P.L. Hauff, W.F. Kerby, D.C. Peters and O. WeatherbeeDuring the summer of 2009 the Moroccan government executed a hyperspectral survey under the direction of the Office National des Hydrocarbures et des Mines (ONHYM) over the Sirwa (Siroua) region ofthe Anti-Atlas Mountains. The purposes ofthe survey were to develop an improved understanding of existing mines and prospects, generate new mineral exploration targets, and stimulate outside investment in exploration for the area. This talk will present some selected results of the survey.
-
-
-
Phyllosilicate Mapping of Southern Noctis Labyrinthus, Mars Using CRISM Multispectral & Hyperspectral Data
Authors J. Anderson and R. LucasNoctis Labyrinthus is a region of chaotic terrain situated at the head of Valles Marineris in eastern Tharsis. The area is known to contain hydrated minerals, specifically phyllosilicates, though their full extent remains unmapped. The CRISM instrument on board Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter is perfectly suited to mapping the surface mineralogy in detail.
-
-
-
Full-spectrum VNIR and SWIR hyperspectral imager in a single instrument
Authors P. Nygren, T. Hyvärinen, K. Kataja, R. Jaskari, J. Okkonen, I. Kormano, E. Herrala and A. RoosThe best full spectrum solutions currently integrate two separate push-broom hyperspectral cameras, VNIR and SWIR, in a platform where they are mechanically aligned to image the target with two parallel field of views (FOV).lt results in a bulky construction which is prone to misalignment. The biggest issue with two separate FOVs is that pixel registration in the VNIR and SWIR image changes with varying distance to the target. It complicates and retards image processing, particularly in near real-time applications.
-
-
-
Integrated analysis of WV2, Hyperspectral and UAV imagery for environmental monitoring in Rosia Montana, Romania
By M. GoossensThe Gold deposit of Rosia Montana, located in the Romanian "Golden Quadrilateral" has been mined since Roman times. In 2006 the Romanian government, who owned the deposit, closed down the operations because production was no longer economic. In 1999 Gabriel resources obtained the concession and is now planning to open a new mine with a reserve of 10 million ounces of Gold and 47 million ounces of Silver.
-
-
-
Volcanic environments monitoring by drones: mount Etna and mud volcano case studies
Authors S. Amici, M. Turci, F. Giulietti, S. Giammanco, M.F. Buongiorno and A. La SpinaVolcanic activity has often affected human life both at large and at small scale. For example, the 2010 Eyjafjallajokull eruption caused severe economic damage at continental scale due to its strong effect on air traffic. At a local scale, ash fall and lava flow emission can cause harm and disruption. Understanding precursory signals to volcanic eruptions is still an open and tricky matter: tremors and gas emissions, for example, are related to upcoming eruptive activity but the mechanisms are not yet completely understood. Furthermore, information related to gases emission mostly comes from the summit crater area of a volcano, which is usually hard to investigate with required accuracy.
-
-
-
Using the TABI1800 thermal system for the monitoring and remote detection of underground coal fires in a variety of environments
By J. HowseThe use of broadband thermal mapping (TABI1800) of primary resource infrastructure in terms of short-term (emergency) response, geothermal detection & hazard monitoring.
-
-
-
The application of ASTER remote sensing data to chromite bearing mineralized zones of Wadi Fizah ophiolite in Northern Oman
Authors A. Al-Abri, S. Rajendran, S. Al-Khirbash, B. Pracejus, S. Nasir, T.M. Kusky and A. GhulamWadi Fizah ophiolite in Oman has widespread ultramafic rocks, particularly in the basal dunite and harzburgite unit ofthe mantle section. This paper presents a research study to evaluate the discrimination and occurrence of chromites bearing mineralized zones within Oman ophiolites by analyzing the capabilities of Landsat TM and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) satellite data; using a number of selected methods including decorrelated stretching, different band rationing and Principal Component Analysis image processing techniques. The study results show that the processed VNIR and SWIR spectral wavelength regions are promising in detecting the areas of potential chromite bearing mineralized zones within the ophiolite region, and proved to be successful for mapping of serpentinized harzburgite containing chromites.
-
-
-
Application of SRTM-based geomorphometrics to characterize neotectonic deformation
Authors N. Argyriou and R. TeeuwThis study examines whether zones of neotectonic deformation can be highlighted by use of Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). Regions which are often hampered by dense vegetation, steep-sided high relief and rugged, poorly-accessible terrain are of prior interest in examining and understanding their neotectonic status.
-
-
-
Mobile dynamic applications for ground-based geomatics
More LessThe British Geological Survey (BGS) has been using mobile laser scanning techniques for a variety of geoscientific applications since 2000. This technology has become an established part of our research capability, and has been used on a variety of projects such as the monitoring of actively growing volcanic lava domes and rapidly retreating glaciers, coastal erosion and platform evolution, inland and coastal landslide modelling, mapping of geological structures and fault boundaries, rock stability and subsidence feature analysis, and geo-conservation. As a tool of modern geoscience it allows unprecedented resolution and accuracy.
-
-
-
Volcanic unrest in Kenya: a satellite perspective
Authors E. Robertson, J. Biggs, M. Edmonds and C. Vye-BrownThe East African Rift (EAR) system is a 5,000 km long series offault bounded depressions that run from the Red Sea to Mozambique. The use of InSAR throughout the East African Rift has led to the discovery that a number of volcanoes, which haven't erupted in human history, are actively deforming. In Kenya, the EAR hosts 14 Quaternary volcanoes that lie along its central rift axis. An initiallnSAR study, covering the period 1997-2008, discovered that four volcanoes underwent geodetic activity during this time.
-
-
-
Validation results of Satellite Derived Bathymetry (SOB) projects using WorldView-2 imagery - case studies
By D. CritchleySatellite Derived Bathymetry (SDB) is not a new concept and since the first remote sensing satellites have been orbiting the earth various techniques have been applied to try and accurately map the seabed. In the past few years the consortium of Proteus, EOMAP and DigitalGlobe has worked closely together to create a satellite derived bathymetric product that is reliable and accurate enough for most applications.
-
-
-
Hydrocarbon Exploration and Development in Kurdistan; Insights from Remote Sensing Data
Authors S. Selvaraj and M. HallEarth Observation technology is increasingly being used to assist hydrocarbon exploration in frontier areas. Satellite imagery datasets with a range of spectral and spatial specifications have a role to play in the regional assessment and appraisal of surface geological structure and stratigraphy. This is combined with the ability to generate high resolution and high accuracy Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) to assist in facility and infrastructure planning. The objective of this presentation is to review how this geological information, derived from remote sensing data, can contribute to onshore exploration and development, focusing on Kurdistan and the surrounding region. Regionally, these contributions include a greater understanding of the variation in tectonic characteristics and surface geology across the fold belt, together with the identification of previously unmapped structures using medium resolution satellite imagery. After regional appraisal, detailed block specific studies are undertaken utilising high resolution imagery. Although oil and gas exploration, appraisal and development has increased in Kurdistan over recent years it remains largely unexplored with no production until 2008 and is thought to contain many unmapped and undrilled structures.
-
-
-
Effective Atmospheric Modelling of Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat for Space Geodesy
More LessTurbulent mixing processes around terrain cause local variations in water vapour from its vertically stratified profile. Temporal variations in water vapour distribution cause delays in phase used in the space geodetic InSAR techn ique. To correct for this accurate simulations of the 3D water vapour field at the times of radar acquisition are needed. On Montserrat this effect is compounded because Soufriere Hills Volcano is an active source of water vapour. High resolution terrain and landuse data sets are used to build a static model of Montserrat. The Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) is used to simulate the dynamics of the atmosphere over the island at a resolution of 250m. This simulation is nested through five steps from a Global Forecast System weather model (GFS) providing the initial conditions. This can be used to find the InSAR delay and hence correct for the true deformation of the volcano. It is anticipated that InSAR data provided by Sentinel 1 in 2013 will be used to test the method. The WRF model has been used so far to validate results against large precipitation events over Soufriere Hills such as that connected with the 2001 dome collapse and the 2011 tropical cyclone season.
-
-
-
Measuring dune velocity and sand flux with COSI-Corr
Authors P. Vermeesch and S. LeprinceRoads and pipelines in desert areas can be buried by migrating sand dunes. The cost of removing this sand is directly proportional to the sand flux ofthe moving dunes. Traditionally, sand flux measurements have been carried out by costly geodetic field surveys and/or long term monitoring of stakes set out in the (inter)dunes. We have developed an alternative approach for measuring sand flux from pairs of high resolution optical satellite images with a change detection algorithm called COSI-Corr. Using pairs of optical satellite images, we detected dune migration over time intervals of months to years. We then used the resulting displacement map to automatically distinguish dunes from interdunes. We interpolated a surface between the interdune areas and subtracted it from a digital elevation model, thus obtaining dune heights and volumes. Multiplying height with celerity yielded a pixel-by-pixel estimate ofthe sand flux, which was used to assess the annual volume of sand that needs to be removed from artifacts such as roads in dune areas.
-
-
-
The use of Satellite Remote Sensing for Offshore Environmental Benchmarking
By M. KingSatellite Remote Sensing is being increasingly utilised for environmental benchmark services in the offshore oil exploration industry. In recent years, tightening up of environmental legislation in response to major pollution events such as the BP Macondo Spill in July 2010, has resulted in operators becoming much more aware ofthe potential environmental impact oftheir operations.
-
-
-
Creating value from satellite imagery in the Oil & Gas industry
By I. MacInnesAs an owner and operator of one ofthe largest constellations of very high resolution, commercial, earth observation satellites, DigitalGlobe has become a major supplier of multispectral satellite imagery and related products to the Oil & Gas industry. While the industry is a large consumer of our products, increasingly the sector is sector is demanding services rather than products. This presentation will cover how DigitalGlobe is responding to the demands of the industry both from the perspective of satellite capabilities and value added services.
-
-
-
The use of remote sensing for mapping and assessing Terrain-related Geo-engineering issues
By A. Hart"The need to develop an early understanding of the impact of terrain-related issues to budget and schedule remains one of the greatest considerations for any ground excavation work, and in particular for pipeline construction projects" (Sweeney, et aI., 2004). The key terrain-related issues are the variability of the ground conditions, the availability of suitable construction materials or the presence of geohazards that could impact on the construction and/or operation of the infrastructure being considered. Cost-effective handling of these issues requires not only an ability to map the geology and geomorphology of a project area, but also being able to understand how these attributes influence and control the ground conditions and earth surface processes ofthe site, which for many long linear infrastructure projects can cover large areas, often in remote locations.
-