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IPTC 2009: International Petroleum Technology Conference
- Conference date: 07 Dec 2009 - 09 Dec 2009
- Location: Doha, Qatar
- Published: 07 December 2009
1 - 50 of 370 results
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Gas Condensate Allocation in Un-Mixed Complex Reservoirs Using Combined Fingerprinting and PVT Technologies
Authors F. Gelin, F. Montel, J. Bickert and A. NoyauReservoir monitoring for gas/condensates fields is often considered as challenging when the production reduces the reservoir
pressure below the dew point. The induced compositional changes are usually thought to hamper the use of fingerprinting for
allocation and reservoir monitoring. Similarly fluid composition from segregated grading gas condensates reservoirs could be
significantly modified through production, thus generating fingerprinting changes.
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An Integral Approach Boosts the Value of Heavy Oil Core Analysis
Authors P.E. Carreras, J.E. Burger, T. Inouye, D.L. Barge and A. IqbalThe Large Scale Steamflood Pilot (LSP) is a project aimed to determine the feasibility of economically steamflooding the
Wafra First Eocene carbonate reservoir. The field is located in the Partitioned Neutral Zone, between Kuwait and Saudi
Arabia. The reservoir is a dolomite, with 14-20 API oil.
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Successful Multi-Stage Hydraulic Fracturing of Openhole Horizontal Wells in Hassi Messaoud Oilfield
Authors B. Achi, L. Bouazza, R. Zeghouani, A. Ferhat, B. Olaoye and H. HelouAt present, hundreds of horizontal wells have been drilled in Hassi Messaoud counting for about one fourth of the field’s
output. Among these, several wells are underperforming and could not yield the expected production. Vertical and areal
permeability anisotropies, absence of natural fractures, severe heterogeneity, reservoir damage and wellbore instability are
the main factors to blame for poor productivity. To address the problem of poor vertical communication and get past the near
wellbore damage, hydraulic fracturing has been thought of as the best solution to improve productivity.
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Applicability of SOS-FR (Steam-Over-Solvent Injection in Fractured Reservoirs) Method for Heavy-Oil Recovery from Deep Fractured Carbonates
Authors T. Babadagli and M. Al MuatasimTapping heavy-oil from fractured carbonates is a real challenge due to unfavourable rock and reservoir characteristics.
Thermal or solvent injection techniques are two possible options to mobilize -matrix- oil of naturally fractured
reservoirs by reducing its viscosity.
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The Use of Self-Healing Cement to Ensure Long-Term Zonal Isolation for HPHT Wells Subject to Hydraulic Fracturing Operations in Pakistan
Authors M. Ali, S. Taoutaou, A.U. Shafqat, A. Salehapour and S. NoorOMV (PAKISTAN) Exploration G m.b.H (along with its JV partners ENI, MND, OGDCL, PPL, and GHPL) has been
actively in drilling and stimulating HPHT wells in Pakistan since 1991.
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Gas Hydrate Problems in Desert of Sultanate of Oman: Experiences and Integrated Inhibition Program
Authors A. Nengkoda, A. Harthy, W.A. Taha, H. Reerink, M. Hajri, H. Alfred, L. Muchjin and S. PurwonoCurrently, there are more than 10 oil producing station, in both North and South area operation of Petroleum
Development Oman, which facing a unique gas hydrate problems. Most of these wells are producing by the support of
gas lift. Therefore, it is very important that the gas lift network is kept optimally operating to maintain the intended
production.
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Characterizing the Flow Units in Carbonates With Production Logging and Borehole Images: Developing a Workflow in Western Offshore India
Authors R. Avtar, K.J. Singh, P.P. Singh, C. Shrivastva, A. Pandey, K. Sikdar and A. KumarThe first ever compartmentalized flow profiling job in a horizontal developmental well in India was a success as a result of
seamless completion design, pre-job, on-job and post-job planning and job coordination. The completion strategy of the well
was the core contributor for the success of the well.
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Multiple Attenuation for the GlyVeST Seismic Data From the Faroes: An Integrated Workflow Using Modeling and SRME
Authors K.D. Nguyen and J. BrownMultiple is a long-standing problem in petroleum seismology. Despite significant achievements in developing advanced
techniques to attenuate multiples, there is currently no single multiple-attenuation technique that can be applied to attenuate all
the various types of multiples.
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Subsurface Design for Safe, Efficient and Reliable Carbon Dioxide Storage Projects
Authors J.R. Wilkinson and R.C. SzafranskiOver the past several decades the oil and gas industry has developed full-system approaches for safe and cost-effective
injection of methane, carbon dioxide and acid gas. Projects have been executed successfully in formations spanning a full
range of depths, reservoir quality, pressures and temperatures.
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Qualification and Deployment of a Unique Polymer Conformance Control System
Authors D. Brink, B. Ritchie, I. Abbasy, M. Pitts, M.R. Jaafar and D. BeamanShort circuiting between producers and injectors continues to challenge operators. A unique water-swelling polymer (WSP) system
was developed and extensively tested in the laboratory. This polymer has the ability to absorb 30 to 400 times its weight in water and
therefore can plug off high-permeability features or fractures. Because of the size of this material, it cannot penetrate most matrix
systems. Another potential application could be the control of lost circulation whilst drilling.
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A Modern Analogue for Middle East Carbonate Reservoirs: The Lagoon of Al Dakhirah in Qatar
Authors C. Bruno, I. Billeaud, C. Pabian-Goyheneche, D. Laurier, O. Dubrule, B. Klein and C. FraisseThe modern carbonate-evaporite depositional environments along the Arabian shores of the Gulf are considered as
useful shallow-marine and coastal analogues for Middle East reservoirs such as the Khuff, the Arab, the Mishrif or the
Shuaiba Fm (Alsharhan and Kendall, 2003; Warren, 2006).
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Experimental Investigation of Interfacial Interactions of Condensate/Brine/SC-CO2 Systems at High Pressure and High Temperature Conditions
Authors A. Al-Abri and R. AminThe subject of enhanced natural gas and condensate recovery by supercritical CO2 (SCCO2) injection tends to be bypassed by
researchers despite the existence of several laboratory and field studies of CO2 displacements in conventional oil reservoirs.
While the phase behavior of SCCO2/condensate system is a critical factor in determining the effectiveness of the recovery
process nevertheless, the interfacial tension (IFT) is an important parameter in verifying the efficiency of the displacement
process.
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Combining Wireline and LWD Borehole Seismic Data for Drilling HPHT Well: A Novel Approach
Authors T.K. Lim, A. Ahmed, G. Taslim and M.A. GibrataA unique integrated borehole seismic technique was used to access and mitigate drilling risk on a Petronas Carigali highpressure,
high-temperature (HPHT) exploration well offshore Sabah.
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Changing the Game in the Stimulation of Thick Carbonate Gas Reservoirs
Authors S. Thabet, M. Brady, C. Parsons, S. Byrne, S. Voropaev, T. Lesko, P. Tardy, C. Cohen and A. MchawehIn this paper we present details of the approach utilized to optimize the completion and stimulation campaign in the continued
development of a large gas carbonate field in the Middle East. A new acid diverter was deployed along with a revised
placement model, field calibrated to more accurately predict treatment pressure responses, to optimize treatment design and to
maximize diversion in this layered reservoir. Results presented include typical stimulation treatment plots alongside model
post treatment pressure history matches, pre and post stimulation production logs, clean up data and well test interpretations.
We also present details on how this new approach facilitated the execution of simultaneous drilling and well intervention
operations.
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Advancements in Near-Wellbore Stimulation with Fluidic Oscillator: Case Histories of North Africa
More LessIn North Africa oil fields, numerous old wells have been completed with 4.5- or 5-in. slotted liners. These wells have been
producing oil for several years and have a history of stimulation activity performed to clean up near-wellbore damage caused
by scale and asphaltene deposits and workover-fluid invasion.
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Meeting Complex Drilling and Subsurface Challenges Through Advanced Software Tools
Authors E.L. Mulkay and D.A. BakerExxonMobil has a strong commitment to developing and utilizing drilling and subsurface research. Previous presentations
have discussed examples of unique ExxonMobil drilling and subsurface technology. However, while individual technologies
give benefit incrementally, maximum business impact is realized only when each technology is integrated into the larger
drilling and subsurface workflow and moved from the research lab to the operational environment. Furthermore, the resulting
software implementation must be technologically sound and usable in the context of drilling and subsurface workflows to be
of business value.
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Primary Category - Sedimentology and Stratigraphy, and Depositional Environments (e.g. Framework for Geological Modelling)
Authors F. Maurer, R. Rettori, S. Cirilli and H. HillgärtnerThe availability of outcrops to study reservoir-scale geobodies is key for a successful exploration
and exploitation of subsurface hydrocarbon accumulations. The increased development of giant
gas fields in the Permian Khuff Formation in the Persian Gulf calls for more geological work in
such outcrop equivalents.
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Pore to Grid Carbonate Rock-Typing
Authors M. Rebelle, F. Umbhauer and E. PoliOften considered as a complex task, rock-typing in carbonates comes down to achieve reconciliation between
various sources of data, including high resolution logs, representative core data and dynamic data.
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Prediction of Optimum Thermal Insulation Thickness for Oil and Gas Process Piping and Equipments Using Simple Method
Authors A. Bahadori and H.B. VuthaluruSelection and determination of optimum thickness of insulation is of prime interest for many engineering applications. In this
study, a simple method is developed to estimate the thickness of thermal insulation required to arrive at a desired heat flow or
surface temperature for flat surfaces, ducts and pipes.
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A New Method to Predict Performance of Horizontal and Multilateral Wells
Authors M. Tabatabaei and A. GhalamborProduction enhancement and ultimate recovery improvement have given horizontal wells the edge over vertical wells in
many marginal reservoirs. However, it is more expensive to drill and complete a horizontal well than a vertical one.
Therefore, to determine the economical feasibility of drilling a horizontal well, engineers need reliable methods to estimate
its productivity.
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The Khuff Play Related Petroleum System Between The Qatar Arch and the Fars Area
Authors J.-J. Biteau, B. Chevallier, V. Coll, N. Répieux, B. Balusseau and G. Choppin de JanvryThe interpretation study which is presented has been carried out on the Silurian-Khuff Petroleum System, to verify a hydrocarbon dysmigration
and redistribution concept which was developed by some authors in the past for the Fars domain.
Considering that the Silurian source rock layers have probably worked in the Qatar-Iran area as well as in North Africa (Tanezzuft formation)
and other places in the Middle East platform (Qusaiba formation), we have tried a qualitative and quantitative approach of the timing of this
generative system at a more extended mega-regional scale.
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Analysis and Applications of Steam-Water Flow in Wells
Authors A.R. Hasan and X. WangThis work presents a simple yet accurate model for two-phase flow that is easily incorporated in a heat transfer model. The fluid
flow model uses a single expression for liquid holdup, with flow-pattern-dependent values for flow parameter and rise velocity.
To avoid abrupt changes in gradients at flow pattern boundaries, we use an empirically determined exponential function for
smooth transition of parameter values between flow patterns. Frictional and kinetic heads, whose contribution to total pressure
loss are small, are estimated using the homogeneous model.
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Removal of Wellbore Scales From High Temperature Depleted Gas Wells
Authors Z. Mujica, L.N. Morgenthaler, E. Samuel and Z. XiaoMixed mineral scales were observed in production tubulars of many Mobile Bay gas wells. These wells are mostly ultra-high
temperature (about 400°F) sour gas producers with condensed formation water. Reservoir pressure (about 5000psi) is
considered low for the 21,000 ft deep wells due to depletion. Hydrochloric and organic acids have been used historically for
scale removal in these wells with mixed results.
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Formation Pressure While Drilling Measurements for Reservoir Management Applications—Case Studies from Saudi Arabia
Authors F.N. Kelly, Z. Ab Rahim, P.M. Neumann, S.A. Logan and V. AgrawalThe introduction of formation-pressure-while-drilling tools has brought significant benefits to the industry including improved well landing
and placement, drilling optimization, and reservoir characterization. Acquiring formation pressure data while drilling rather than traditional
wireline methods may be particularly advantageous when rig costs or wellbore stability risks are high. Typical reservoir management
applications include identification of reservoir compartmentalization and permeability barriers, identification of fluid type using gradients,
and identification of the best production/injection zones on the basis of reservoir pressure and mobility estimates.
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Fluid Discrimination Applying AVA Potentiality for Carbonate Reservoir in UAE
Authors S.L. Mahmoud, A.A. Othman, W.L. Soroka, A.B. Al Jeelani and D. HamedWell based modeling and seismic data analysis were used to investigate the potential of Amplitude Variation with Angle
(AVA) for fluid discrimination in a high porosity carbonate reservoir in a producing UAE oil field. Gassmann fluid
substitution was used to model well log data, which included compressional and shear sonic logs and density logs to produce
synthetic well logs representing the reservoir at 100% fluid saturations of brine, oil and gas at reservoir pressure and
temperature conditions. The average VP/VS ratio for brine saturated reservoir (~2.0) was observed to be higher than both the
oil (~1.7) and gas (~1.6) saturated reservoir cases.
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Expanding Use of a Pulsed Neutron Tool for Borehole Flow Profiling and Formation Residual Oil Evaluation in Horizontal Wells Leads to Successful Workover: A Case Study From Tarim Basin, China
More LessAccurate evaluation of remaining oil can be effectively complemented with production logging data in a horizontal well for a
successful workover. The pulsed neutron tool has been used for production profile measurements in complex stratified flow
regimes in horizontal wells for some years using water flow log and three-phase holdup log measurements.
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Anticollision and Risk Management Offshore Qatar: A Successful Collaboration
Authors B. Poedjono, E. Isevcan, G.J. Lombardo, J. Walker and S. McCullochAn effective anticollision risk management approach is essential for drilling safely in the congested subsurface environments
increasingly common in today’s drilling programs. Because there is as yet no industry-wide standard for collision risk
assessment and management, many companies have developed their own standards, which can differ in significant details. In
one recent project, both the operator and the directional drilling contractor had developed specific anticollision procedures.
The challenge was to create a drilling program that satisfied the requirements of both standards. This paper describes the
problems we encountered and the solutions we created to successfully design and execute a drilling plan satisfactory to both
companies.
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Development of Discrete Fracture Network Model Simulator, GeoFlow, for Evaluation of Three Dimensional Channeling Flow
Authors T. Ishibashi, N. Watanabe, N. Hirano, A. Okamoto and N. TsuchiyaThe discrete fracture network (DFN) model simulation, in which the fracture network can have a natural heterogeneity, is one
of the most effective approaches in fluid flow analyses for a fractured reservoir. In the DFN model simulation, the fracture is
modeled by a pair of parallel smooth plates although real fractures have rough surfaces.
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Basement Reservoirs – A Review of their Geological and Production Characteristics
More LessThis presentation describes the geological characteristics, technical issues and development challenges associated with
hydrocarbon exploitation in crystalline basement formations. The term ‘basement’ here refers to crystalline formations
ranging from intrusive and extrusive magmatic bodies (especially granites) to the family of low to medium grade metamorphic
rocks.
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Green Chemicals Opportunity for Water Treatment Process Steam EOR: Case Study
Authors A. Nengkoda, A. Busaidy, A. Alawi, M. Johnson, R. Pahnke, S. Nair, S. Dobretsov and G. MadaThe X Field steam-injection project in Sultanate of Oman is the world’s first full-field steam-injection project based on
thermally assisted gas/oil gravity drainage (TAGOGD) in a fractured carbonate field. The project scope includes drilling
some wells and installing facilities to treat water and generate around 18,000 tonnes per day of steam, the plant targeted to be
started up in around year 2010.
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Dynamic Surveillance Templates for Reservoir Management: Diagnostic Tools Oriented to Production Optimization
Authors M. Perna, G. Bartolotto, R. Latronico and R. SghairThe huge number of available data imposes the use of finest tools to be shared by several stakeholders avoiding time
consumption and repetition of same tasks1. This paper presents the use of dynamic templates developed on well known concepts
in the literature, other than those frequently used for reservoir and production monitoring. This study proposes few tools
developed on different fields that have proven useful in the surveillance and monitoring phases as well as the further
optimization activity.
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Samarang Field – Seismic To Simulation Redevelopment Evaluation Brings New Life to an Old Oilfield, Offshore Sabah, Malaysia
Authors J.K. Forrest, A. Hussain, M. Orozco, J.P. Bourge, T. Bui, R. Henson and J. JalaludinSamarang field is a 35 year-old oilfield offshore Malaysia that
was initially developed by Shell beginning in 1975. The field
was relinquished to Petronas Carigali Sdn Bhd (PCSB) in
1995, which continued field operations and were able to
significantly reduce the production decline rates.
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Methodology for Determination of Reservoir Complexity from DFA Tools and EOS Log Predictions
Authors J.Y. Zuo, C.-G. Xian, S. Haddad and A. BerrimReservoir hydrocarbons often present complicated properties and phase behaviors in single columns. It is of great importance
to determine fluid heterogeneities and compartmentalization at the early exploration and appraisal stage. However, gathering
information on fluid heterogeneities and phase behaviors is a difficult process that conventionally requires numerous fluid
samples and associated laboratory analysis. An effective and reliable way is highly demanded.
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Three Dimensional Numerical Analysis of Fluid Flow through Fractured Rock Core Using X-Ray Computed Tomography
Authors N. Watanabe, N. Hirano, N. Tsuchiya, Y. Ohsaki, T. Tamagawa, Y. Tsuchiya and H. OkabeA three dimensional numerical modeling coupled with X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) for fracture flow was applied to
fractured granite core samples. One of the samples had an artificial single fracture, and the others had natural multiple
fractures. A relationship between CT value and fracture aperture (fracture aperture calibration curve) was obtained by X-ray
CT scanning for a fracture aperture calibration standard with varying the aperture from 0.1 to 0.5 mm. As a result, a linear
relationship was obtained between CT value and fracture aperture.
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Core Scale Heterogeneity and Resistivity Modelling for Accurate Fluid Status and Saturation Evaluation in a Non Archie Carbonate Reservoir, Libya
Authors A. Elsadawi, F. Umbhauer, J.P Leduc and E. GuyotteLow Resistivity Pay intervals are often present along carbonate reservoirs sections and bring a lot of problems in fluid
determination and saturation assessment. An integrated methodology has been developed from a well documented Libyan field
case to tackle these problems.
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Ultra-Low Pressure Wellbore Cleanouts Using Micro-Vacuuming Technology and Concentric Coiled Tubing
Authors O. Gunther, G. Higgins, J. Li and M. LambertIn instances of ultra-low bottom hole pressure (BHP) where the results of conventional cleanout methodologies range from
inefficient to ineffective, wellbore vacuuming technology has proven to be a reliable alternative. Technology using concentric
coil-in-coil tubing (CCT) design was developed in 1995 and is being used as an effective method to remove both unwanted
liquids and solids from wells where formation pressure is prohibitively low for conventional cleanout techniques.
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Preventing Proppant and Formation-Sand Production in High Water Cut, Heavy-Oil Wells: A Field Study from Argentina
Authors D. Daparo, L. Solis, E. Perez, C. Saravia, P.D. Nguyen and J.C. BonapaceFlowback of proppant and formation sand often poses serious challenges to operating companies when these solids cause
equipment damage, costly and frequent cleanup treatments, and production decreases. These flowback problems are often
compounded in severity in wells with production of heavy oil and high water cuts. Once the proppant is produced out, there
is no mechanical means to keep the unconsolidated sand in the perforations or behind the casing in place. Similarly,
formation sand from the perforations not aligned with the propped fractures produces out freely during well production once
the proppant filling the perforation tunnels produces out.
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The (FC)2 Alliance - An Innovation Portal for Research on the Fundamental Controls on Flow in Carbonates
By S.M. AgarThe (FC)2 Alliance is founded on a thematic research framework to address "Fundamental Controls on Flow in Carbonates".
The Alliance involves students and professionals in geoscience and engineering in a major oil and gas company and
researchers from 10 universities.
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Reservoir Modeling and Production Evaluation in Shale-Gas Reservoirs
Authors C.L. Cipolla, E.P. Lolon and M.J. MayerhoferThis paper examines issues with forecasting and evaluating production from unconventional gas reservoirs, such as the
Barnett Shale. How can reservoirs be commercial with matrix permeability measured not in milli-Darcy or even micro-Darcy
(10-3 mD), but as low as 10-100 nano-Darcy (10-6 mD)?
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Cased Hole Resistivity—A Solution for Dukhan Field Arab C Reservoir Monitoring
Authors M.A.M.W. Hasan and R. PolinskiThe onshore Dukhan oil field of Qatar Petroleum has been under production since the 1940’s. Water is injected to maintain
reservoir pressure, and a reservoir monitoring program has been established to monitor movements of oil-water (OWC) and
gas-oil contacts (GOC) in the different reservoir zones. Historically, Pulsed Neutron Capture (PNC) logging (Sigma) was
carried out for contacts monitoring and time-lapse saturation monitoring. In September 2007 Cased Hole Resistivity (CHR)
was introduced for application in the Arab C reservoir.
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Case Study of Successful Matrix Stimulation of High-Water-Cut Wells in Dubai Offshore Fields
Authors F. Shnaib, A.M. Desouky, N. Mehrotra, M.M. Kuthubdeen, G. Rutzinger, T.C. Judd and R.P. RebelloThe candidate selection criteria, job design, and improved implementation techniques are important parameters for success in
remedial acidization jobs in mature fields.
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Advancement in Drilling Increases Penetration Rates in Deep, Hard and Abrasive East Texas Formation
More LessThis paper details the modifications performed and knowledge gained in 2007 and 2008 while drilling four underbalanced
(UB) vertical gas wells in the Travis Peak formation of the western east Texas deep Bossier play in the Amoroso field, using
jointed pipe. In spite of continuous improvements in drilling bit performance and better drilling practices, operators still face
the “80-20 rule.” Extremely hard and abrasive intervals represent about 20% of the total footage drilled, and they take about
80% of the time to drill out. Performance UB drilling (UBD) technology was used to increase the rate of penetration (ROP)
through the formation at depths of 9,800 ft (2,987 m) and greater. The surface and the intermediate casing intervals were
drilled conventionally. The next section (8 1/2-in. hole size, using hammer and tricone bits) was drilled using UBD
techniques that used straight air or membrane nitrogen (N2).
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Field-Application Results of HMWSP in Western Siberia: Design Optimization, Conclusions, and Recommendations
Authors O. Jaripatke, D. Dalrymple, A. Prokhorov, M. Gaponov and A. FakhreevaHistorically, hydraulic-fracture stimulation of zones with directly underlying waters has not been considered a practical
method for improved oil recovery.
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Process Methodological relationship between RAM and QRA
Authors A. Petrone, L. Scataglini and F. FabioDuring the whole Project Life Cycle of an Oil or Gas plant, Asset and Risk Management are the key drivers for making the
project profitable and in the meanwhile compliant with Health Safety and Environmental issues.
Risk management aims at controlling risks to protect people, environment and company assets.
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Separation and Recycling of Used Oil-Based Drilling Fluids
Authors R.S. Farinato, H. Masias, D. Garcia, R. Bingham and G. AntleA novel approach has been taken to separating, recovering and recycling the oil-continuous phase from used oil-based
drilling fluids. The method is based on destabilizing and aggregating the suspended solids and brine droplets through the
application of polymers and surfactants in a controlled mixing device. The aggregated material may then be centrifugally
separated using traditional solids-control equipment. This allows recovery of the oil-continuous phase, which may then be
recycled into another oil-based drilling fluid. Laboratory data and field case studies will be presented that substantiate the
efficacy of this solid-liquid separation method. Microscopic analyses of the aggregated solids support a proposed mechanism
based on preferential wettability.
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Hibernia Q Block - Waterflooding to Increase Field Liquid Recovery with the Presence of a Gas Cap
Authors R. Stright, G. Stylianides, A. Stackel and O. OzenThe Hibernia field, located 315 km offshore Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, began production in November 1997.
The southern part of the field is a waterflood development, with seawater injection used for pressure maintenance. The
northernmost portion of the field is a gasflood development that maintains pressure by re-injecting gas produced from the
waterflood for voidage balance. As the field matures, water production from the waterflood region is increasing significantly
and therefore the associated gas produced from these oil wells has been declining. As the availability of gas from the
waterflood area decreases, gasflood region production also decreases due to the declining amount of produced gas available
for injection for pressure maintenance. Another source of gas was needed to maximize gasflood region production.
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Gas-Assisted Gravity Drainage (GAGD) Process for Improved Oil Recovery
Authors N. Kasiri and A. BashiriWater Alternating Gas injection (WAG) or Simultaneous Water and Gas Injection (SWAG) floods have been proposed as very
good solution to overcome gravity segregation and better EOR performance in compare to conventional continuous gas
injection (CGI). However WAG-Based processes cause some problems associated with increased water saturation including
diminished gas injectivity. As an effective alternative for WAG, Gas Assisted Gravity Drainage (GAGD) for conventional
reservoirs has been developed (US Patent 2006/0289157) that takes advantage of the natural segregation of gas from liquid
hydrocarbon during injection. The GAGD process consists of placing a horizontal producer near the bottom of oil column and
injecting gas through existing vertical wells. As the injected gas rises to form a gas zone, oil and water drain down to the
horizontal producer. Application of GAGD for IOR in naturally fractured reservoir is discussed here based on some facts and
figures.
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Hydrate Formation and Prevention in Gas Condensate Pipeline
Authors J. Ge and M.A. RasheedA gas condensate pipeline transports gas from an onshore Gas/Oil Separation Plant (GOSP) to a Processing Gas Plant. Gas
that flows into the pipeline is transported directly from the GOSP’s separator after compression without any further
dehydration process. As the gas temperature inside the pipeline begins to drop, water and condensate drop out from the gas.
The pipeline is flowing at a rate lower than its desired flow rate. Significant liquids (condensate and water) are accumulated
in the pipeline due to the low flow rate.
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Integration of Biodiversity Conservation into Site Operations: Methodological Approach and Field Projects
Authors P.M. Pedroni, J. M. Deffis and C. Alberti di CatenajaEngaging with biodiversity and integrating its conservation into operational practices has become increasingly
important for the energy sector since the overlap between geographical areas of biodiversity value and oil and gas
reserves has significantly increased, worldwide, in the last decade.
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Acidizing Treatments for Tight Gas Sandstone Reservoirs
Authors H.A. Al-Anazi, W.J. Assiri, B.H. Al-Malki and A.A. Al-KanaanStimulation of tight gas sandstone reservoirs is a challenge due to many variables
contributed into acidizing efficiency such acids type, concentration, volume, stages,
injection rate, reservoir temperature, fluids, and heterogeneity, clay type and content, and
soaking time. The presence of authigenic clays in reservoirs necessitates proper design of
acid treatment to avoid undesirable interaction of these clays with acids and released to
cause pore plugging. Therefore, stimulation fluids need to be properly selected to avoid
potential adverse results in these tight reservoirs.
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