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Engineering and Mining Geophysics 2020
- Conference date: September 14-18, 2020
- Location: Perm, Russia
- Published: 14 September 2020
81 - 100 of 136 results
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The Results of the Plate with Footprints of Dinosaur and the Adjacent to its Territory Investigation by the Methods of Geophysics and Geochemistry
Authors V.M. Yakushev, M.P. Sherstyukov and V.V. YuferevaSummaryThe geophysics and geochemistry methods were used to explore the plate with the footprints of a dinosaur, as well as the adjacent to its territory. The purpose of the research is to determine the geometric dimensions of the plate, including its underground part, the degree of cohesion with underlying rocks and to assess the possibility of transporting this object to the adjacent territory of National Park Kislovodsky . This is necessary to ensure proper storage conditions of the plate, as well as free access to it by tourists and researchers. It was shown that the plate is a breakaway fragment of the rocky outcrop, under which it is located, and is non transportable due to its geometric dimensions and weight. The only way to ensure the accessibility of the object is to peel off and move to adjacent territory the top layer of the plate with the footprints of a dinosaur. In addition, the footprint layer of the rock has been revealed in the rocky outcrop and its spreading has been defined. It has been established that in some places this layer extends to the daylight surface. This means that it is advisable to conduct a more detailed survey of the Kislovodsk city territory, since there is a possibility of revealing other traces of the ancient reptiles vital activity.
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The Study of Effective Foundation Design Methods Taking into Account Seismoacoustic Methods
Authors V.A. Bereznev and V.V. NikiforovSummaryThe article is devoted to the possibilities of predicting the deformation characteristics of the soil by indirect methods, namely, based on the analysis of changes in the velocities of elastic waves in the upper part of the section
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The Induced Polarization Effect in Airborne EM Prospecting of Ore Deposits in the Ural Region
Authors M.G. Persova, Y.G. Soloveichik, D.V. Vagin, A.P. Sivenkova, E.I. Simon and M.G. TokarevaSummaryThe paper presents the comparative analysis of observed airborne EM data influenced by induced polarization (IP) effect and the data obtained by 3D modeling. The 3D modeling is performed using the approach proposed by the authors and based on the results of physical experiments. For the comparative analysis, the data obtained in airborne EM prospecting of ore deposits in the Ural region are used. At the first stage of study, 3D conductivity distribution has been obtained using the 3D inversion of data in early time channels. At the second stage, IP parameters have been defined through forward 3D modeling. The comparative analysis of observed and calculated airborne EM data shows that space-time distribution of the signal calculated with the use of the approach proposed for 3D modeling a geological medium is in good agreement with the observed data (including different components of the field and time channels). It is also shown that the maximum of IP effect in the AEM signals is observed on the boundaries of conductivity 3D inhomogeneities, and the approach proposed allows us to correctly take into account the IP processes in AEM data processing.
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The Study of Taliks of Central Yakutia by Electrotomography
By K.I. BazhinSummaryThe paper presents materials of the studies of the suprapermafrost taliks of Central Yakutia using the method of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). The high efficiency of the ERT method for investigation of the talik geometry in sandy deposits is shown. Data on the spatial distribution and seasonal dynamics of the water-bearing talik at the Shestakovka station of the Melnikov Permafrost Institute SB RAS are presented.
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Estimation of Information Content of Mine Multi-Wave Seismic Survey for Prediction of Variability of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Rock Mass
Authors A.I. Babkin, I.A. Sanfirov and A.M. MacheretSummaryThe Traditional solution of structural problems when detailing and predicting a geological section does not fully allow taking into account the state of the rock mass in geomechanical calculations. In the conditions of intensive technogenic impact on the subsoil, it is extremely important to take into account the variability of the physical and mechanical characteristics of the rock mass. Predictive estimates of such characteristics as the dynamic modulus of elasticity and the Poisson's ratio can be obtained in the framework of mine multi-wave seismoacoustic studies. For the correct use of seismic data in the implementation of multi-wave interpretation, the information content of wave fields recorded in mine workings was evaluated. This made it possible to form a technology for seismoacoustic prediction of the variability of physical and mechanical properties of productive layers. The forecast is based on statistical processing of the received seismic and acoustic data together with the results of laboratory tests of rocks for strength properties.
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Downhole Emitter for Creating a Field of Elastic Vibrations in a Geological Environment
Authors A.A. Abdrashitov and E.A. MarfinSummaryOne of the geophysical methods is acoustic cross-hole sounding, which requires emitters of elastic vibrations. This paper presents the results of a study of the hydrodynamic jet Helmholtz oscillator. This device allows you to generate pressure fluctuations of large amplitude, as well as create cavitation jets. The dependences of the amplitude and frequency of the generated oscillations on the fluid flow and external conditions are established. The conditions and the region of generation of stable oscillations are determined. Experimental studies have shown that such an emitter can be effectively used in acoustic cross-hole sounding to create artificial fields of elastic vibrations in geological environments. Such devices will also be useful for acoustic stimulation of the formation during oil production at high pressures, as well as for the creation of cavitation jets at low backpressures in solving various practical problems.
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Geological and Archeological Model of the Protection Zone of the Necropolis of the State Museum Preserve «Tauric Chersonese» According to the Data of Complex Geophysical Studies
Authors V.V. Glazunov, G.D. Gorelik, A.S. Ageev and N.N. EfimovaSummaryThe paper presents the results of the field stage of study on the territory of necropolis of VI – ХIV centuries, which is located in the south direction from Chersonesos, in Karantinnaya beam on the right side of Karantinnaya bay. Innovativeness is in the multidisciplinary approach to the research with the use of geoscientific methods, which minimize the impact on subterranean funeral construction for its examination. The methodology is based on georadiolocation and electrotomography surveys on the measurement grid of parallel lines on the chosen area of necropolis. The result of geophysical research is forecast map of funeral constructions based on isometric anomalies on georadiolocation profiles.
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Mining Waste as Objects of Small Business
Authors V.B. Boltyrov, S.A. Degtyarev, L.A. Storozhenko and S.G. SeleznevSummaryThe problems associated with small business in the development of mining waste are considered; It is noted that the main obstacle is the lack of state support and legislative support.
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Studies of the Dynamic Characteristics of Reflected Waves in the Presence of Inhomogeneities Dimensions Smaller than the Seismic Resolution
More LessSummaryWhen the particle is much smaller than the wavelength, scattering is a special case of Rayleigh scattering. If the particle size is close to the wavelength, the scattering pattern becomes complex. The phenomenon is considered from the point of view of the Mie scattering theory. If the sphere is much larger than the wavelength, then the refraction and reflection of the waves, which are described by the Fresnel formulas, occurs. This paper demonstrates the results of the analysis of the dynamic characteristics of seismic waves. The zones of zero absolute values of the derivative of the mean amplitudes with t may indicate the presence of diffracting objects, an example, a hole, with a diameter of ten times smaller than the wavelength of the signal. Areas of decreasing the energy of the dominant frequency in the presence of velocity inhomogeneities are distinguished. Areas of increased energy of the high-frequency components of the spectrum are distinguished in the presence of small multi-oriented fracturing. Loc
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Application of High Precision Gravity Survey in Antimony Ore Bodies Exploration
Authors A.B. Karmanov and A.A. NikulinaSummaryExperimental high precision gravity survey was conducted at Surmianoye deposit in Transbaikal region in 2017. The aim was to understand whether high precision gravity survey is effective in revealing antimony ore bodies at this deposit. During the survey the following tasks were accomplished:
- Measurement methods of high precision gravity survey were refined;
- Anomalies associated with antimony ore bodies within the test area were detected, the mineralized zones were delineated;
- Procedures to primarily process and interpret the gravity observation results were defined;
- Possibility of antimony ore bodies detection was assessed (including width, length, Sb grade ranges).
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Compound Electrodes Arrangement in Electrical Resistivity Tomography
By A. BobachevSummaryIt is shown than compound electrodes arrangement in electrical resistivity tomography helps to improve data quality and the efficiency of field process
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Electrophysical Properties of Sand-Water Mixtures in Various Phase States
Authors V.A. Yavna, S.N. Sulavko, A.G. Kochur, A.A. Vasilchenko and P. DanielSummaryIn the work, the method of resonance measurements at a frequency of 1700 MHz was applied to investigate the dependences of dielectric constant and specific conductivity of quarry sand on moisture, salinity, ionic composition, and temperature.
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Electrophysical Properties of Bentonite and Kaolin Depending on Salinity and Temperature
Authors V.A. Yavna, S.N. Sulavko, A.G. Kochur, A.A. Vasilchenko and P. DanielSummaryIn this work, the dependences of the complex dielectric constant of bentonite clays and koalin on moisture, salinity, and temperature are studied by the method of resonance measurements in the microwave range of electromagnetic waves at frequencies of 1.4 - 1.7 GHz. A correlation is established between the electrical and mechanical properties of the materials studied.
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GPR Calibration for Determining the Electrophysical Properties of Soil Structural Layers
Authors V.L. Shapovalov, A.V. Morozov, A.A. Vasilchenko, M.V. Okost and V.A YavnaSummaryA technology for calibrating GPR equipment is applied to three antenna units and two georadars. Measurements and calculations performed demonstrate the universality of the technology for the quantitative processing of georadar data and make it possible to assess the difference in the properties of georadar equipment of the same type.
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GPR Method for Studying the Drainage Properties of Sand Layers
Authors V.L. Shapovalov, A.V. Morozov, A.A. Vasilchenko, M.V. Okost and V.A YavnaSummaryDuring construction work, the achievement compaction indicators set by the project depends on the distribution of moisture along the depth of the structural layers. In this paper, we propose a method for controlling the moisture of draining materials structural layers based on the use of the GPR technologies.
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GPR Equipment for Solving Road Problems
More LessSummaryThe road problems to be solved with the help of georadars are considered. The results of the application of various designs of georadars for solving road problems when performing comparative studies are analyzed. Foreign designs of road georadars are considered. Requirements to be met by road georadars
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Multichannel Magnetometry to Search for Technogenic Iron Objects in Covering Environments
Authors L.A. Muravyev, N.V. Fedorova, A.Y. Denisov, V.A. Sapunov, V.V. Savelev and V.G. BezdudnySummaryThe use of modern sensitive magnetometric equipment makes possible to improve the detection efficiency of deeply buried iron objects to a high level that provides detection in very difficult conditions (large depth in the ground or underwater, rough terrain, large magnetic field gradient). We present a multi-channel magnetic gradiometer system based on the absolute nuclear precession sensor POS with RS232 port developed and produced in UrFU QMLab. Its measurement principle is based on the Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization effect. We describe the basic principles of the multi-channel measuring system design, the choice of sensor number and location. We use a special measurement synchronization technology when the process starts by a command transferred by a common (integrated) RS232 port control wire and the measurement results from each channel are received individually, which allows to increase the number of channels. Experiments reveal the characteristics of magnetic field anomalies of model objects. The processing software includes an unit for automated search of the objects parameters.
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Magnetometric Search Technology for Extraterrestrial Matter
Authors L.A. Muravyev, E.D. Narkhov, V.A. Sapunov, A.V. Sergeev and A.L. FedorovSummaryGround-based magnetometry is one of the main methods for detecting buried iron-containing items, such as meteorites. Despite the efficiency of high-sensitivity deep metal detectors, the technology of magnetometric search does not lose relevance. The method of free search can be easily applied by the operator with minimal experience of using the magnetometer. We have accumulated experience in applying this technique in different conditions: in the large magnetic field gradients due to geological features (meteorite shower Kunashak); in a sufficiently homogeneous magnetic field (search for a meteorite shower Tsarev); on the water surfaces of lakes in the search for a meteorite, supposedly fallen into a lake. We present the results of a magnetometric survey of a funnel of presumably meteorite origin. The results of magnetic surveys from the ice surface are also presented in order to detect the location of the main mass of the Chelyabinsk meteorite. Urals Meteoritic Expedition’s almost twenty years of experience with the magnetometers MMPOS indicates the successful possibility of carrying out prospecting work for a meteorite substance both on land and in water areas.
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Modernization of Ground-Based Overhauser POS Magnetometers to Use on Small Unmanned Copter-Type Aerial Vehicles
SummaryThe modification of the proton Overhauser magnetometer POS-1 presented in the report is promising for universal use in ground conditions as an autonomous variation station and for aerial magnetic reconnaissance on copter-type UAVs. The POS-1aero magnetometer is capable of providing a sensitivity of 0.03–0.3 NT with a measurement cycle of 1–1/3 seconds and absolute accuracy up to 1nT at the accumulation of time-bound continuous measurements. Given the low weight of the new Overhauser sensor, there is a development prospect for creating three-axis copter type aero-gradiometers
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DiInSo software package for solving direct and inverse problems of electrotomography in non-typical problem definition
More LessSummaryThe current state of electrotomography has a noticeable skew to practice. In the market of software that solves the inversion problems, several products actively used by scientists from around the world firmly established themselves. The source code in this software is closed, and many algorithmic steps are perform automatically without the ability to influence them from the user. In fairness, it should be note that in most cases, these programs successfully cope with their task, and their regular updating allows solving more and more complex problems. However, it is not rare cases for automation to fail, and the results of the inversion have significant differences for adjacent research profiles or for software from different companies. How to be in this situation? What results to trust and how to interpret them, if we often do not even know the theoretical basis laid down in the software code? In this paper, the DiInSo software package is present, which is being develop with the aim of giving greater understanding to the researcher using solution algorithms, as well as allowing simulating direct and inverse problems of high geometric and physical complexity.
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