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Engineering and Mining Geophysics 2020
- Conference date: September 14-18, 2020
- Location: Perm, Russia
- Published: 14 September 2020
101 - 120 of 136 results
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Kinematic Fracture Analysis as the Main Tool for Predicting the Mechanism of Deformation of a Rock Mass
Authors S.A. Korchak, I.V. Abaturova and I.A. SavintsevSummaryThe article provides an example of an effective application of the kinematic analysis method in predicting the deformation mechanisms of a rock slope adjacent to a railway track. To ensure the safety of the object's operation and identify dangerous areas of possible collapse of rock blocks, the geomechanical state of the slope was assessed using kinematic analysis. Kinematics makes it possible to study the movement of bodies without considering the forces under which bodies move. Based on the results of data processing of measurements of the elements of the crack occurrence, 3 General systems of cracks were identified for all key sections of the slope. Based on these data, a kinematic analysis was performed for each of the 6 sections, which consisted in assessing the probability of the occurrence of mechanisms of slope destruction. To determine the impact of man-made factors on the stability of the slope, geophysical studies were conducted, on the basis of which it was concluded that there was no negative impact of seismic fluctuations in the ground from passing trains and explosions at the quarry. In conclusion, the results of zoning the array based on kinematic analysis for the selected key sections of the slope are presented.
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Updating Methods for Studying the Degree and Nature of Rock Fractures in Solid Mineral Deposits
Authors S.A. Korchak, I.A. Savintsev and L.A. StorozhenkoSummaryThe article considers the method of structural description of the oriented core at the early stages of studying deposits of solid minerals. This method allows us to obtain key parameters such as the elements of fracture occurrence, layering and weakening surfaces necessary for assessing the stability of slopes and sides of quarries. On the example of one of the deposits, the experience of successful application of the method of studying the degree and nature of fracturing on the oriented core is considered. It was found that its application at the exploration stage allows us to take into account the influence of the degree and nature of fracturing on the angles of laying the sides of the quarry and consider the possibility of laying the sides of the same quarry at different angles in order to ensure their stability and economic efficiency. It is also concluded that oriented drilling and subsequent processing of the data obtained in this case makes it possible to assess the likelihood of dangerous engineering-geological processes affecting the conditions of mining the field, to make a forecast assessment and make engineering-geological zoning.
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Joint Interpretation of Seismic and Electrical Data Based on the Results of Work on Lake Onega
Authors A.A. Bobachev and A.K. MirinitsSummaryShows the results of a joint interpretation of seismic data and bottom electrical tomography on Lake Onega
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Research of Acoustic Characteristics and Physical and Mechanical Properties of Quaternary Soils
Authors V. Izotova, D. Petrov, K. Pankratova and G. PospehovSummaryThe increasing technogenic physical impact (including a dynamic impact) is an important factor of the engineering-geological environment changing. The known quantitative indicators of the soil deformability make it possible to find the optimal solutions and predict the soils behavior under the influence of various engineering loads. The goal of the article is establishing correlations between the deformation properties of quaternary soils obtained under static loading and ultrasonic methods and obtaining preliminary values of the dynamic elastic modules and Poisson's ratio with the help of acoustic parameters. The article describes the main advantages of using a body of geophysical and engineering-geological research. The dynamic elastic modules and Poisson's ratios are presented using the values of the velocities of longitudinal and transverse waves. The correlations of deformation properties and acoustic characteristics have been obtained.
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Improving the Accuracy of Studies of the Technical Condition of Wells Using the Gamma-Gamma Method in the Conditions of the Verkhnekamsk Potassium Salt Deposit
Authors S.V. Belov, A.V. Shumilov, I.A. Chernykh and M.A. OskinaSummaryThe questions of studies of the technical condition of wells by the gamma-gamma method are considered. A method for calibrating sensors of downhole gamma-gamma cementometry instruments is proposed, which allows to increase the accuracy of measurements. The necessity of taking into account the density of the fluid inside the casing is shown.
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Impact of Open-Pit Mining on the Geological Environment
Authors L.A. Storozhenko, I.G. Petrova, Y.V. Klokova and I.O. LymarSummaryThe open-pit method for developing mineral deposits is one of the leading methods for obtaining ore and non-metallic raw materials. Its use in mining contributes to the activation of various processes that transform the geological environment, often causing irreversible changes in the properties and characteristics of all its components. The object of the study of the transformation of the geological environment was a Deposit of ore and placer gold, located in the Bodaybinsky district in the East of the Irkutsk region. The study of ground and hydrogeological conditions during drilling and mining operations in conjunction with analytical studies and instrumental observations allowed us to obtain quantitative characteristics of the parameters of the ground layers formed in the landscapes of placer deposits during repeated mining. On the basis of generalization of research results identified the main factors shaping the modern state of the geological environment on the territory of the gold deposits, the character and the degree of transformation of geological environment as a result of years of alluvial gold mining before the industrial mining pit method.
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Investigations of the Beshpagir Sand Deposits as Prospects for Expanding the Territory of Future Practical Studies of Students in Geological Exploration
Authors A.G. Kerimov, E.V. Sokolenko, A.G. Saltanova, E.G. Kerimova, M.P. Sherstyukov and V.M. YakushevSummaryTerrigenous sediments geological information of the Beshpagir sand deposits of Grachevsky district has been collected. The primary base of samples of building rock products has been formed. Lithological and paleogeographic data on clastic rock deposits were studied. Collected data gives possibility to begin compilation a detailed schematic structural map of the Beshpagir Formation horizons. These materials can be used for expanding the practical training of students in geological exploration and at the same time for development of the mineral resource base of the Stavropol Region.
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Some Methodological Aspects of the Application of Electromagnetic Sounding Technology and Induced Polarization at the Verkhnekamsk Deposit of Potash and Magnesium Salts
Authors A.Y. Belova, M.S. Shkirya, Y.A. Davydenko and A.S. BashkeevSummaryDetection of brine-filled undersaturated zones in the subsurface is relevant for mitigation of operational and environmental risks in salt mines. Early delineation of salt dissolvement may avoid unwanted flooding of mines and penetration of meteoric waters along various pathways. Water-filled zones are characterized by a lower electrical resistivity (Ohmm) and therefore electromagnetic sounding methods are very promising. The resistivity structure of the subsoil is hereby evaluated and identification of potentially hazardous zones with low resistivity around the salt stock is made possible. Electromagnetic sounding and induced polarization (EMS-IP) technology was successfully tested at the Verkhne-Kamsky salt mine to provide an effective EM workflow. The method consists of electric stimulation at the surface with a grounded dipole setup and registration of the earth response (electric potential difference) with a receiver electrode array. After a quality control and validation step, the measured data is inverted for resistivity, initially with a simple 1D approach. As next step the outcome, constrained by calibration data, serves as starting model in a more sophisticated 3D inversion procedure. The article has formed some methodological aspects of planning and conducting work, as well as analyzing and processing pulsed electrical prospecting data.
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Assessment of the Degree of Rock Weathering and Engineering-Geological Zoning
Authors T.S. Bobina and I.V. AbaturovaSummaryRocks that protrude to the surface of the earth or are exposed by mining workings, pits and recesses rarely retain their original appearance and natural physical condition. In this near-surface zone, under new temperature, humidity, and physico-chemical conditions, they undergo various changes – weathering, resulting in the formation and development of an eluvial zone – a zone of weathered rocks. The experience of operating quarries that develop mineral deposits in dispersed rocks has shown that certain features that must be taken into account when solving issues related to the formation of stable ledges and sides characterize them. These features, first, include the complex structure of the slope massifs, which requires taking into account the variety of strength characteristics of rocks. The presence of weathered rocks with a wide variety of strength characteristics combined with the complexity of the array structure creates a significant difference in the degree of stability of individual sections of the same side. The above proves the relevance of assessing the degree of weathering of rocks, as one of the important factors influencing the choice of angles of laying the sides of the quarry, which will guarantee the safety of work.
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The Results of the Survey by Geophysics Methods of the Objects of the Citadel of the Archaeological Site «Tatar Settlement» (Stavropol)
Authors V.M. Yakushev, D.V. Yurin, S.G. Tumanyan and N.S. LinevSummaryThe article discusses the results of geophysical research that was performed on the Citadel of the Tatar Settlement during the field geophysical practice of students of the North Caucasus Federal University. The structure of an ancient Orthodox Church was revealed by the GPR method. The possibility of existence the underground passage on the Citadel territory was established by the method of electrotomography.
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Physical Modeling Results of GPR Sounding of Lena River Sands (the Middle Flow)
Authors I.I. Khristoforov and K.P. DanilovSummaryThe results of physical modeling of the processes of electromagnetic waves propagation in the frequency range from 75 to 375 MHz in homogeneous sands of medium size (granulometric composition 0.1-1.0 mm) with a total humidity of 3.6%, 7.3% and 20.5% in the temperature range from 38 ° C to +27 ° C obtained at the geophysical research polygon of the Tuymaada station of the SB RAS Permafrost Institute are presented. GPR soundings in the frequency range 75–375 MHz established that the temperature range of frozen sands of medium size from 3 ° C to 39 ° C with a total humidity of up to 20%, the dielectric permittivity is constant and practically unchanged. An increase in the dielectric constant does not occur at 0 ° C but already at negative sand temperatures of about 2 ° C ÷ 0.5 ° C, while for sands with a total humidity of 7.3% and 20.5%, this occurs spasmodically. During GPR sounding of sands with a total humidity of 7.3% in the temperature range from 8 оС to +27 оС the width of the spectrum of the probing signal (in terms of energy level) does not change and varies in the range of Δf (0.5) = 175 ÷ 190 MHz, however further lowering the temperature of the frozen sand in the range from 26 ° C up to 35 о° C increases the spectrum width by 80 MHz (or 35%) with a slight shift to the high-frequency region.
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Heterogeneity of the Central Chromite Deposit (Polar Urals) Due to the Stages of Formation of the Rock Mass
Authors E.A. Zvonarev and L.A. StorozhenkoSummaryInterpretation of the results of engineering-geological studies on a real object of mining is a difficult task, requiring the installation levels of heterogeneity of the geological environment and their nature of the relationship with possible engineering-geological processes. Many years of experience in exploitation of excavations at objects mining facilities have shown that not only the physicomechanical properties of petrographic differences determine the stability of the workings, but also the nature of the fracture of the massif, crack filler, the existence of weakening zones (crushing, cataclase, melange). Common in practice are cases of the development of dangerous engineering and geological processes in strong, medium- and slightly fractured massifs, where the initiating factors may be the presence of a complex network of branching, relative-crossing closed cracks, crack filler with low physical and mechanical properties or a filler that loses strength properties when showdown opened up. An example of the development of engineering and geological processes, where heterogeneities of different levels are winning factors, can be considered the Central chromite deposit, in the massif of which, according to strong, medium-cracked igneous rocks of an ultrabasic composition are widely used for landslide screes processes, dumps and rollover of blocks.
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Analysis of the Problem of Classification of Mining Wastes
Authors V.N. Kondakova, K.V. Pankratova, A.A. Pomortseva and G.B. PospekhovSummaryNowadays the increase in accumulation of mining waste, is one of the most urgent problems for the mining sector. One of the important issues for engineering geology is their typification and classification as there is still no one generally accepted classification, which brings some uncertainties in soils study. This paper presents an analysis of the nowadays available classifications of artificial soils and concludes analysis of important factors that should be taken into account when typing artificial soils for making decisions in the field of engineering geology.
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Charactersitic Features of GPR Wave Fields in Study of Subsurface Ice of Cryolithozone
Authors R.A. Dyagileva and K.O. SokolovSummaryThe report presents the results of the study of the features of the radiophysical characteristics of the data of GPR sounding of the frozen rock mass containing the formation ice. It is displayed on the radarogram as two horizontal synphase axes of GPR signals reflected from the upper and lower borders of the ice, which is typical for any undisturbed layer of rocks. In order to develop reliable signs of detecting formation ice in the frozen host environment, computer modeling of GPR soundings of the cryolithozone rock mass with formation ice was performed. As a result of data analysis, computer modeling established the following features of the radiophysical characteristics of the GPR tracks – change phase of the signal from the lower boundary of ice, compared to the signal from the upper boundary; the ratio of amplitudes of signals reflected from the upper and lower boundaries of the ice must be less than 0.95∆t; the Fourier spectrum of the track has a rugged form. The use of the established features in the cameral processing of field materials will increase the accuracy of interpretation of the data of GPR measurements when mapping the formation ice of the cryolithozone.
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Improvement GPR research of dredged polygons using the angular scanning technique
Authors G.A. Kulyandin and L.L. FedorovaSummaryThe features of the application of GPR on the dredged polygons of alluvial gold deposits in Yakutia are considered. In order to increase the efficiency and reliability of GPR on open cast mining, in conditions of limited space and rough terrain, a method of angular gpr search from one point is proposed. Laboratory and field studies are presented, on the basis of which the scanning parameters and the range of probing angles are determined. Using the developed methodology in the overburden area of the r. Allah-Yun (Yakutia), as part of GPR investigations by the profiling method, allowed to identify the roof of bedrock and contour the area of flooding in the thickness of loose deposits of the frozen massif. The studies showed that the proposed method of GPR with changing sensing angles provides an increase in the information content of studies of the structure of massif in difficult mining and technological conditions of dredged polygons.
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Overcoming Airborne IP in Frequency Domain
Authors E.V. Karshakov and J. MoilanenSummaryWe analyse responses in frequency domain and time domain. They significantly differ. Moreover, quadrature and inphase components in frequency domain behave differently in case of airborne IP. We propose resistance calculation which has to be poorly influenced by airborne IP. Also we offered a method for resistivity calculation. We made a comparison of such resistivity and apparent resistivity calculated by the quadrature component. These resistivity data are rather similar. We hope that quadrature component is less affected by AIP. Further researches are required to receive estimates of resistance and capacity for more general case. Key words: airborne electromagnetics, frequency domain, time domain, airborne induced polarisation, EQUATOR.
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Using Areal Common Depth-Point (CMP) Seismic Reflection Method for Additional Exploration of the Coal Field
Authors A.M. Turchkov, A.N Oshkin, I.P. Korotkov, E.A. Keldyushova and A.A. VyaznikovcevSummaryThe theses set out methodological aspects of areal 2D (CMP) seismic acquisition which carried out for the additional exploration of developing coal mine. Seismic surveys were aimed at clarifying the geological structure of the area, identification of coal seams and tectonic disturbances. To achieve the goal areal 2D CDP seismic survey was conducted on a grid of parallel and perpendicular profiles. The observed data were processed according to the processing of CMP method and depth sections were obtained. The depth sections were interpreted: coal seams and tectonic disturbances were identified. The results were evaluated with the archive data of 3D seismic acquisition. The recommendations to further explorations were given according to the outcomes.
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Electromagnetic Soundings Application to Predict the Velocity Model of Upper Part of the Section in the South of the Siberian Craton
Authors I.A. Shelokhov, I.V. Buddo, A.A. Pyankov and A.S. SmirnovSummaryThe geological section of Eastern Siberia is an extremely complex object for a seismic exploration. The reason for this is the extremely high variability of the upper part of the section lithology, rough terrain, and permafrost rocks. This paper delivers an alternative approach to predicting the velocity model of the upper part of the section. The approach is based on the original method of restoring the elastic-velocity characteristics from the data of transient electromagnetic method (TEM) in the near zone.
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Case Studies of Shallow Transient Electromagnetic Soundings for Mapping of Potash Salt Deposits
Authors I.A. Shelokhov, N.V. Misiurkeeva, M.V. Sharlov and A.A. JukovSummaryThe Verkhnekamsk salt deposit is characterized by complex mining and geological conditions: water content of the supra-salt complex of rocks, relatively low thickness of the water-proof stratum, intense intra-salt folding, development of open fractures in many areas, strong lateral variability of the mineral composition of productive horizons, weak stability of the roof of the working formations, relatively high gas content salts, etc. In order to assess the applicability of the sTEM method and the FastSnap hardware-software complex for studying the geological structure of the Verkhnekamsk potassium salt deposit, as well as assessing the state of salt and supra-salt rocks with the possibility of geometrizing the weakened zones, electrical exploration studies using the method of sensing the formation of a field in the near zone using hardware and software complex FastSnap.
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Geological Substantiation of the Results of Mine Seismic Survey on Shear Waves with Reflection Separation
Authors R.I. Tsarev, A.V. Gluhih, A.A. ZHukov, YU.N. Moroshkina and A.M. PrigaraSummaryAt the development of Verkhnekamskoye potash salt deposit (VKMS) they drill structural and salt exploration wells in order to determine a manner of occurrence of salt formation, thickness of productive seams and above-salt complex of rocks. As far as borehole data represents point data, features of geological structure of commercial seams and water formation zone (VZT) in inter-well area stay undetected until mining. These features include first of all replacement zones, folded areas, fracturing zones, structure and volume of VZT, a manner of occurrence of salt table. If there are any workings, detailing of geological structure of salt formation is carried out based on close correlation dependencies between parameters of the seam occurrence. Such a detailing is possible at relatively still geological structure, although when there are some anomalies of geological structure it is not sufficient. Therefore it is well founded that among the events which should be realized in the mined areas of the minefields, they provide seismic surveys. Earlier the article authors have developed a method of mine seismic survey on shear waves with reflection separation, the patent No. 2709415, which has shown an efficiency when investigating salt formation in different areas of VKMS. The method differs with high level of detailing the display of the investigated area, allows to separate intrasalt deformations and local geological heterogeneities, which will enable to increase safety of potash mine operation significantly. As the method is new, it is needed to be confirmed, i.е. independently geologically substantiated.
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