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Volume 33 Number 2
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Abstract

[Abstract

Pull‐apart basins are structural features linked to the interactions between strike‐slip and extensional tectonics. Their morphology and structural evolution are determined by factors such as extension rate, the basin length/width ratio, and changes in extension direction. In this work, we investigate the effect of a change in the plate motion direction on a pull‐apart basin's structure, using analogue modelling experiments with a two‐layer ductile‐brittle configuration to simulate continental crust rheology. We initially impose orthogonal extension on an interconnected rift and strike‐slip system to drive pull‐apart development. Subsequently, we rotate the relative motion vector, imposing transtensional deformation and continuing with this new relative motion vector to the end of the experiment. To compare with natural examples, we analyse the model using seismic interpretation software, generating 3D fault structure and sedimentary thickness interpretations. Results show that the change in the direction of plate motion produces map‐view sigmoidal oblique slip faults that become normal‐slip when deformation adjusts to the new plate motion vector. Furthermore, sediment distribution is strongly influenced by the relative plate rotation, changing the locus of deposition inside the basin at each model stage. Finally, we compare our observations to seismic reflection images, sedimentary package thicknesses and fault interpretations from the Northern Gulf of California and find good agreement between model and nature. Similar fault arrays occur in the Bohai Basin in northern China, which suggests a rotational component in its evolution. More broadly, such similar structures could indicate a role for oblique extension and fault rotation in any pull‐apart basin.

,

The evolution of a pull‐apart basin can be considerably influenced by a change of plate motion that introduces transtension in the basin. Identifying structures of this type of pull‐apart basin evolution are asymmetric triangular basins and wide principal displacement zones with oblique‐normal faults. We identify a number of these basins across the world and model their evolution through physical analogue models.

]
Basin Research © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers and International Association of Sedimentologists © 2020 The Authors. Basin Research published by International Association of Sedimentologists and European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers and John Wiley & Sons Ltd
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2021-03-15
2024-04-25

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The structural evolution of pull‐apart basins in response to changes in plate motion
Basin Research 33, 1603 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.12528
/content/journals/10.1111/bre.12528
/content/journals/10.1111/bre.12528
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  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): extension; plate motion changes; pull‐apart basins; strike‐slip; transtension

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