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Volume 34, Issue 3
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Abstract

[

Seismic reflection data allows us to image three unconformities (IVU, TVU, and IHU) and intervening stratigraphic packages that record the Early Cretaceous breakup of NW Australia from Greater India.

, Abstract

Continental breakup involves a transition from rapid, fault‐controlled syn‐rift subsidence to relatively slow, post‐breakup subsidence induced by lithospheric cooling. Yet the stratigraphic record of many rifted margins contain syn‐breakup unconformities, indicating that episodes of uplift and erosion interrupt this transition. This uplift has been linked to mantle upwelling, depth‐dependent extension and/or isostatic rebound. Deciphering the breakup processes recorded by these unconformities and their related rock record is challenging because uplift‐associated erosion commonly removes the strata that help constrain the onset and duration of uplift. We examine three major breakup‐related unconformities and the intervening rock record in the Lower Cretaceous succession of the Gascoyne and Cuvier margins, offshore NW Australia, using seismic reflection and borehole data. These data show the breakup unconformities are disconformable (non‐erosive) in places and angular (erosive) in others. Our recalibration of palynomorph ages from rocks underlying and overlying the unconformities shows: (i) the lowermost unconformity developed between 134.98–133.74 Ma (Intra‐Valanginian), probably during the localisation of magma intrusion within continental crust and consequent formation of continent–ocean transition zones (COTZ); (ii) the middle unconformity formed between ca. 134 and 133 Ma (Top Valanginian), possibly coincident with breakup of continental crust and generation of new magmatic (but not oceanic) crust within the COTZs; and (iii) the uppermost unconformity likely developed between ca. 132.5 and 131 Ma (i.e. Intra‐Hauterivian), coincident with full continental lithospheric breakup and the onset of seafloor spreading. During unconformity development, uplift was focussed along the continental rift flanks, likely reflecting flexural bending of the crust and landward flow of lower crust and/or lithospheric mantle from beneath areas of localised extension towards the continent (i.e. depth‐dependent extension). Our work supports the growing consensus that the ‘breakup unconformity’ is not always a single stratigraphic surface marking the onset of seafloor spreading; multiple unconformities may form and reflect a complex history of uplift and subsidence during continent–ocean transition.

]
Basin Research © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers and International Association of Sedimentologists © 2022 The Authors. Basin Research published by International Association of Sedimentologists and European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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2022-05-22
2024-04-26

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Stratigraphic record of continental breakup, offshore NW Australia
Basin Research 34, 1220 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.12656
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  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): basin; breakup; palynology; rift; seismic reflection; unconformity; uplift

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