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Engineering and Mining Geophysics 2020
- Conference date: September 14-18, 2020
- Location: Perm, Russia
- Published: 14 September 2020
21 - 40 of 136 results
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Surface-to-Mine Electromagnetic Sounding in the Context of Salt Deposits
Authors V.P. Kolesnikov and T.A. LaskinaSummarySurface-to-mine electromagnetic sounding is a promising method to investigate the waterproof strata of salt deposits. It provides an opportunity to achieve the improvement of resolution for the waterproof strata, increased sensitivity to conductive zones present, control of the penetration of the generated electromagnetic field from the surface to the target depth interval. It is characterized by relatively easy and efficient implementation of the technology in the field. Different modifications of the surface-to-mine electromagnetic sounding have been tested on the Upper Kama potash deposit area. Their advantages and limitations are shown in the paper.
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Survey of Soil Conditions on Damage Sections of the Sewer Collectors in St. Petersburg Using Electrical Sounding with Capacitive Electrodes
By A.F. VolyninSummaryThe report presents the results of geophysical investigations in the southeastern part of St. Petersburg in the areas of pavement failures near the sewer collector. The mechanism of formation of subsidence of the soil is established. They are caused by the inflow of silty water-saturated sand into the collector in the areas of its depressurization and are associated with the construction of mines. Repeated monitoring measurements at the subsidence zones are recommended to prevent possible motor vehicle accidents.
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Results of Geophysical Studies of an Unfortified Bronze Age Settlement in the Southern Urals
Authors V.V. Noskevich, N.V. Fedorova and L.A. MuravyеvSummaryThe paper presents the results of geophysical studies of the unfortified Bronze Age settlement Konoplyanka-2 (Southern Urals). The settlement is revealed by 10 depressions in the modern relief. Topographic and magnetic surveys were performed in the vicinity of the settlement in the field seasons of 2017-2019. According to the results of magnetic surveys, it was possible to identify the boundaries of buildings and reconstruct the settlement plan. There were much more dwellings than fixed on the surface of housing depressions. Inside the buildings found utility pits and wells. The constructed magnetic map became the basis for the selection of archaeological sites. At one of the dwellings with the alleged four wells, a GPR survey was performed for a targeted excavation study of geomagnetic anomalies associated with hydraulic structures. According to the GPR data, the depth of the wells was determined, their shape was restored and the position of the wells in the plan and in the 3D format was built.
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Features of Calculation of Supplies on the Gypsum Fields in Condition of Highly Cavernous Porosity (For Example Sokolino-Sarkaevsk Field)
Authors K.O. Khudenkikh and V.N. KataevSummaryThere are 234 gypsum deposits registered in the Russian Federation that are subject to karst processes to varying degrees. When calculating the gypsum reserves, the coefficient of the gypsum thickness cavernous porosity is determined. In the article the analysis of methods for quantitative evaluation of cavernous porosity conducted through ratio. Calculations based on the data of the Sokolino-Sarkaevsk deposit of gypsum and anhydrite reserves revealed that none of the proposed methods can fully characterize the cavernous porosity of the gypsum thickness. It is shown that when using the statistical method for calculating the coefficient of cavernous porosity, its values may be abnormally low or overstated. It is proposed to use a single coefficient of z cavernous porosity calculated for the entire part (field) as a whole or its arithmetic mean.
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Pre-Ural Border Structure: Features of the Deep Structure and Oil and Gas
Authors V.S. Druzhinin, N.I. Nachapkin, V.Y. Osipov and L.A. MuravyevSummaryThe results of studies based on seismic-density sections along the profiles of the DSS of the Pre-Ural border structure (zone) between the East European platform and the Ural fold system are presented. This structure, which corresponds to the Pre-Ural marginal trough of Perm age in most of the Ural region, has anomalous properties of the deep structure of the upper part of the lithosphere and is an independent unit. It is shown that the Pre-Ural structure and the Aral-Murgab megazone isolated in the western part of Central Asia have some common properties of the deep structure. Therefore, they can be combined into one sub-meridional Pre-Ural-Aral-Murgab megazone, which separates ancient platforms and geological structures with different types of development.
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Results of Complex Geophysical Works Performed in the Fili District of Moscow For High-Rise Residential Development
Authors V.A. Kulikov, I.P. Korotkov and V.S. SerebryakovSummaryIn 2017, Moscow adopted a renovation program: over 15 years, it is planned to demolish more than 5 thousand houses, and build modern comfortable housing in their place. Complex geological and geophysical surveys were carried out at one of the renovation sites in the Fili district of Moscow in order to clarify the geological structure of the upper part of the section for high-rise buildings. The complex included geophysical studies using electrotomography (ET) and seismic method of common deep point (CDP). The site is interesting because it is located in the valley of the r. Filka (on the section between the Kuntsevskaya and the Fili metro station) and is well studied by geologists, because in the 40–60 years of the last century, educational geological routes were conducted here. Based on the results of complex geophysical work, a geological and geophysical model was built up to a depth of 100 m, maps of the top of Jurassic and Carbon deposits were made, areas with abnormal electrical properties and areas where the continuity of reflecting boundaries is violated were identified. The results obtained will be used to clarify the boundaries and depth of pits, to identify and delineate tectonic disturbances and active discontinuous structures
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Peculiarities of Bottom Lake Sediments Studies Performed within Urban Borders by Geophysical Methods
Authors N.Y. Bobrov, N.Y. Bogomolov, V.V. Polovkov and A.E. RybalkoSummaryThe results of geophysical work carried out in 2019 by the Integrated Marine Research Center of Saint-Petersburg State University (IMRC SPbU) on Suzdal Lakes, Saint-Petersburg, are presented. The work was a part of comprehensive environmental survey of the city reservoirs. The methods of ultrahighresolution seismoacoustics, georadiolocation (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) were used. The main goal of geophysical work was to determine the thickness of bottom sediments to evaluate the shape of lake basins. The work has demonstrated that gas saturation of silt enriched with biological material does not allow us to use seismoacoustics for identification the thickness and structure of bottom sediments in the urban area. GPR with a low-frequency antenna has shown rather high efficiency in studying bottom sediments at depths less than about 2 m. However, high water mineralization, typical of urban reservoirs, leading to a strong attenuation of electromagnetic pulses with depth, limits the use of GPR at greater depths. To study bottom sediments to the entire depth and determine the shape of lake basins under conditions of high electrical conductivity of water and/or gas-saturated sediments, ERT method can be recommended, including continuous resistivity profiling (CRP) technique for large water reservoirs.
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The Experience of Complex Dendrological Survey of the Plantations of Recreational Zone of the National Park «Kislovodsky» by Methods of Resistography and GPR
Authors V.M. Yakushev, T.A. Yarylchenko and V.V. YuferevaSummaryThe possibility of resistography and GPR methods integrating at dendrological studies of the National Park Kislovodsky recreation zone plantation has been assessed. It is shown that the sharing of these methods allows obtaining more complete and reliable information about the state of the objects (trees) under the study. In addition, the accuracy of local use of the Resistograph® is improved and, thereby the multiplicity of testing on the expected areas of damage to the tree trunk is reduced. This improves the operating conditions and reliability of using this device.
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Mine Seismic Surveys for the Control of Safety Pillars in Potash Mines
Authors A.G. Yaroslavtsev and K.B. FatkinSummaryThe paper presents the results of mine seismic surveys of safety pillars at the Upper-Kama potash deposit. The orientation of vibration source at generation of waves into wall of mine working is considered. It is established that the direction of propagation of elastic waves of the P-type, in contrast to S-type waves, is characterized by a certain selectivity and corresponds to the direction of emission. The possibility of high-quality separation of P and S waves in digital data processing is shown. In case of lateral half-space transmission on reflected waves, structural and lithological features of the rock mass are distinguished due to joint analysis of seismic sections and their velocity characteristics.
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The Way to Accurately Determine the Contours of Objects
Authors A. Zlobinskiy and V. MogilatovSummaryWhen researching objects whose sizes are comparable to the depths at which they are located, situations often arise in which the actual shape and location of the object does not match the shape and size of the object obtained from the results of geophysical studies. The mismatch of the contours of the object leads to the fact that wells laid according to the results of geophysical work do not fall into the object. In such cases, subsoil users are dissatisfied with the results of the work. The mismatch of the contours of the object is due to the fact that the interpretation of measurements takes place in the framework of one-dimensional models or even in the framework of simple transformations. A full three-dimensional interpretation that could solve this problem is difficult due to the small distribution of three-dimensional programs, the huge equivalence of solutions, and the small amount of data collected. What to do in this case? It is necessary to apply methods developed specifically for identifying three-dimensional structures that use only three-dimensional interpretation and collect much more data with a much denser grid of observations. An example of such a method is the method of sounding by vertical currents (VEC). ZVT allows revealing the real contours of objects using a three-dimensional interpretation and a large amount of data collected.
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Amplitude Analysis of Shallow 3D Seismic Surveys for Areas with Increased Technogenic Impact
Authors A.A. Zhikin, I.A. Sanfirov and A.G. YaroslavtsevSummaryThe advantages of three-dimensional field geometry seismic explorational systems for rock conditions monitoring of shallow and engineering depths are not obvious enough. Therefore, expanding the knowledge base on this issue may be of interest to geophysicists. The article discusses the possibilities of amplitude interpretation of the shallow and engineering 3D seismic surveys on the subsided areas of the Upper Kama salt deposit.
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Technology of Seismic Image of Structure and State of Mining Array in Underground Operations
Authors V. Pisetski, A. Zudilin, U. Patrushev, L. Zudilina and S. LapinSummaryThe parameters of the stress state of a rock mass with a discrete structure are recorded at the field level by means of registration of seismic signals of reflected waves. Assessment of the rock pressure gradient in the zone of influence of the mine on the massif allows timely identification of disintegration zones at the required distance from the bottom.
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Orientation Analysis of Active Lineaments of the Perm Urals to Identify Patterns of the Modern Field of Tectonic Stresses
Authors S.N. Tagiltsev, A.E. Lukyanov, S.V. Surganov and S.N. TagiltsevSummaryThe geodynamic conditions of the Urals and the Urals play an important role in the formation of modern engineering-geological, hydrogeological, and, in general, geoecological conditions. The state of the geological environment depends on many factors, and is controlled, to a large extent, by the level of activity of modern tectonic movements. In assessing the geodynamic activity of a particular territory, an important role is given to the analysis of lineaments of the modern relief. Based on the analysis of the orientation of the lineament of the territory of the Perm Urals, the directions of the vectors of the main maximum tectonic stresses in the geological environment of the studied territory are determined. The prevailing orientation of tectonic stresses is latitudinal, and is 270 °. The kinematic types of faults that are reflected in the lineament of the relief are revealed. Key words: geodynamic conditions of the Urals; tectonic disturbance activity; relief lineaments; orientation of tectonic stresses;
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Monitoring of Natural Processes is the Key to Understanding the Causes of Accidents in Underground Structures
Authors A.Y. Tatarskiy and A.F. VolyninSummaryThe aim of the work is to identify the mechanisms of occurrence of seasonal accidents of underground structures caused by natural processes. As a result of the analysis of comprehensive monitoring and statistics of accidents, the seasonal nature of accidents on water supply networks was confirmed and studied. The proposed mechanisms and the nature of the relationship between the dynamics of engineering-geological and meteorological processes and the annual distribution of the number of accidents are described. Seasonal indices are calculated, which can be used in forecasting water supply network accidents and optimizing their operation.
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Results of Complex Geophysical Studies of Near-Surface Karst Formations
Authors I.A. Sanfirov, S.G. Bychkov, A.I. Nikiforova, G.V. Prostolupov and G.P. ShcherbininaSummaryThe possibility of combining seismic and gravimetric studies to assess the potential karst hazard of the territory is considered. The gravitational field transformants analysis allows to outline the area of possible development of karst processes. Seismic observations are used to differentiate the identified inhomogeneities, determine spatial patterns in the distribution of structural and physical parameters, and perform a quantitative assessment
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Development of Technology for Electrical Monitoring of Geological Environment
Authors S.B. Karpov, V.P. Kolesnikov, T.A. Laskina, V.P. Mokronosov and A.A. ZubrikovSummaryA remote version of the stationary electrical monitoring method is considered, it is implemented using the developed hardware-software complex AMS-ZOND with a SOMGZ-48 commutator and interpretation software, which automatically obtains information on the physical state of the studied geological environment with a specified time interval between measurements at a considerable distance from the studied object.
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The Study of Paleolithic Monuments in Karst Caves by Electrotomography
Authors P.S. Osipova, V.V. Olenchenko, L.V. Tsibizov and A.I. KrivoshapkinSummaryThe study was focused on determining of shape and thickness of unconsolidated deposits layer inside karst caves using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). Such data has high importance for searching of promising areas for archaeological excavations. The study was conducted in three caves - Selungur (Kyrgyzstan), Chagyrskaya and Strashnaya (Altay, Russia). ERT method was applied in pole-dipole array variant. Distance between the electrodes was 0.2 or 1 m depending on required depth. General structures of sediment layers were determined and important features were detected in considered caves. Inside Chagyrskaya cave sediments an anomaly related to limestone block was detected with ERT and verified with a pit. Sediments in lateral gallery have insignificant depth which does not exceed 0.3 m. In Strashnaya cave where 10 m of sediments were already excavated before, a rest of their depth was estimated as 3 m according to ERT data. Model of sedimentary layer in Selungur cave based on ERT data was successfully verified with drilling: geophysics allowed not only detect sedimentary layer depth but also discriminate detrital rock from bedrock and localize separate large rock fragments.
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Investigation of the Wave Propagation Process under Seismoacoustic Impacts in a Rock Mass Using Mathematical Modeling Methods
Authors A.M. Prigara, V.N. Aptukov, R.I. Tsarev, V.A. Voroshilov and A.A. ZhukovSummaryWith the participation of the authors, a method of mine seismic exploration on transverse waves with reflection separation was previously developed. It has shown high efficiency in studies of the halogen formation of the Verkhnekamsk salt Deposit. During the development of this method, experimental work was performed, which allowed us to establish that reflected longitudinal waves are not recorded on seismic records, although direct longitudinal waves are recorded quite successfully. In this case, the transverse waves are recorded as direct and reflected. This situation is unexpected, and difficult to explain, because, as is known, the vast majority of seismic surveys, both land-based and mine, are performed using just longitudinal waves. For theoretical justification of the conclusions obtained on the basis of practical research, it was decided to study the process of wave propagation in the salt array using mathematical modeling methods. The numerical solution was obtained using the ANSYS package. This package allows to solve various classes of problems in continuum mechanics, including modeling the processes of elastic wave propagation in different media, which makes it possible to theoretically confirm the results obtained in the course of practical research.
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Application of a New Type of Vibration Source in Various Climatic Conditions
Authors V. Serebryakov, I. Korotkov, A. Zhukov and A. SolovyovSummaryNew equipment and technology must overcome the tests in various conditions in order to show their reliability. Tests of a new vibration source in various climatic conditions were performed. The studies were carried out by the method of the common deep point (CDP). During the research, it was revealed that the quality of the results obtained varies in each season of the year on the same profile. One reason is the various near-surface excitation conditions. The near-surface excitation conditions were evaluated.
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The Study of the Properties and Structure of Road Clothing by GPR
Authors R.R. Romanov, A.A. Matushenko, A.A. Ivanov and A.I. PosereninSummaryThe work is devoted to the results of GPR survey performed in the summer of 2019 at one of the sections of the Central Ring Road (Moscow Region). The purpose of these works is to determine the thickness of the bulk layer of the road embankment in areas of replacement of weak soils. The bulk layer is represented by sand of medium size with inclusions of crushed stone, sometimes heavily flooded. The thickness of the bulk layer varies from 2.5 m to 4 m. In the interpretation, special attention was directed to the allocation of peaty areas. GPR was chosen to solve this problem, since this method has proven itself in similar works, because among non-destructive methods it provides the highest resolution at shallow depths.
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