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Saint Petersburg 2020
- Conference date: November 16-19, 2020
- Location: Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Published: 16 November 2020
1 - 100 of 134 results
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Results of Complex Core Studies of Usinsk Oil Field
By N. PopovSummaryThe article is devoted to the development of methodological techniques for the application of machine learning technologies, including deep learning, to the problems of in-depth analysis of geological and physical parameters based on the results of laboratory studies of core sections. To achieve this goal, we solve the problem of developing a specialized tabular format for describing the core sections of carbonate deposits, the formation of a database based on the developed format for further analysis and application of deep and surface training technologies. The Usinsk Deposit located in the Komi Republic was chosen as the object of research. The developed format allows all text descriptions of the geological characteristics of the section to be presented in a tabular form with a discrete encoding. On the example of permocarbon Deposit of Usinsk field, a unique database of 500 sections from 6 wells was formed according to the developed formatUsing the formed database, the ratio of mineralogical density and permeability with the categorization of points according to the danhem. As result of the experiments, a model was obtained, which allows to distinguish geological parameters from the photo of the plume.
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Focusing Properties of Kirchhoff Migration
By M. DenisovSummaryThe seismic source generates waves that travel into the subsurface, where they interact with inhomogeneities. The types of such interaction are scattering (or diffraction) and reflection. The problem of imaging of small objects producing diffracted waves is often considered in the geophysical literature. Before migration, wavefield separation is to be performed. Otherwise, in case the conventional migration operator is applied to the mixture of the wavefields, the result will be contaminated with artefacts. A special focusing operator should be applied for diffracted waves imaging. Such operator, being applied to the mixture of the wavefields, will distort the image of reflectors.
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Algorithm of 2D Mathematical Modelling Acoustic Reservoir Monitoring of Medium with Combined Hierarchical Inclusions and Convective Mixing in Fluid-Saturated Inclusions
Authors O. Hachay, A. Khachay and O. KhachaySummaryBackground: A new method of modeling acoustic monitoring of a layered-block elastic medium with several inclusions of various physical-mechanical and phase hierarchical structures has been developed. Methods: An iterative process of solving a direct problem for the case of three hierarchical inclusions of l, m, s ranks based on the use of 2D-integro differential equations has been developed. Results: The degree of hierarchy of inclusions is determined by the values of their ranks, which may be different. Hierarchical inclusions are located in different layers one above the other: the upper anomalously stressed, the second-fluid-saturated and the third anomalously dense. The degree of filling with inclusions of each rank is different for all three hierarchical inclusions. At the same time, the question of dynamic processes in fluid-saturated hierarchical inclusions related to convective mixing of a single-component fluid is investigated. Conclusions: The simulation results can be used when conducting monitoring studies of fluid return control of oil fields. The results can help explain the excessive water flooding of oil reservoirs.
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Application of Organic Geochemistry Methods in FEC Practice
Authors A. Ermolovsky, A. Kuklinsky, E. Zubareva, M. Nevestenco, E. Gurba and J. TarasovaSummarySolving the problems of reservoir geochemistry requires a large complex of geochemical works. Core and sludge (bituminous and molecular analyses) are studied to assess the prospects of oil and gas deposits and use in basin modeling. These studies are combined with geochemical studies of surface oils and gas condensates, including physical and chemical analysis, molecular analysis of the individual composition of gasoline fractions, n-paraffin, isoprenoid, aromatic hydrocarbons and polycyclic biomarkers.
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Application Of Plasma In Oil & Gas Industries
Authors R. Lashkari and A. KhalilnejadSummaryEfforts have been made to increase efficiency and reduce costs in all industries, especially in the oil and gas industries. Today, the use of modern technologies to reduce costs and improve the efficiency of work in all parts has been welcomed. One of the discoveries of recent decades is the discovery of the fourth phase of the matter called Plasma and its use in various industries. In this paper, we will discuss the plasma-derived technologies in the oil and gas industry and researches in this field. Considering the wide application of plasma in different parts of the oil and gas industries, this paper focuses on the research and operational work carried out in the areas of creating protective coatings on metals, cutting and milling of the casing and tubing, wettability changes, wellbore stimulation, perforation & EOR. Significant progress has been made in many of these parts and is expected to affect a large part of the oil and gas industries in the near future.
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Automatic Geoelectric Boundaries Detection on the Resistivity Images Based on 3D Numerical Simulation and Convolutional Neural Network
Authors K. Danilovskiy, G. Loginov and O. NechaevSummaryIn this study, we propose a new approach to borehole resistivity images interpretation, based on combination of 3D finite element simulation and convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithms. The CNN is trained on the results of 3D numerical simulation to detect geoelectric boundaries. High-performance parallel computing and data augmentation are used in order to minimize the time needed to obtain a set of images sufficient for CNN training. Despite the time-consuming processes of synthetic data obtaining and CNN training, the algorithm application does not require serious computing resources and takes seconds. The advantage of the developed algorithm is the ability to process images of an arbitrary length, due to the absence of fully connected layers in the CNN architecture.
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MEMS Latest Generation Digital Sensors - a Decisive Step in the Transition to Full Digital Data Recording
Authors N. Tellier and A. AbashkinSummaryThe quick development of broadband and high-density seismic acquisition methods is due to their recognition as effective means for acquiring datasets that prove rich enough not only to dramatically improve the seismic imaging, but also the overall reservoir characterization. Receiver arrays are progressively suppressed to preserve high-frequency signal, limit equipment inventory and facilitate its handling on the field. Single receiver / single source technologies are increasingly used. Full digital recording offers valuable high-fidelity seismic signal and provides an attractive platform for the industry transition towards higher trace densities and point receiver acquisitions. The prerequisites for the creation of end-to-end digital seismic recording channels have long been ripe. Analogs of similar transformations from other industries (telephony, sound recording, television, radio communication, etc.) tell us that the transition to the digit of the entire end-to-end recording path is possible and economically justified at the current stage of technological development of electronics. The present abstract provides an overview of MEMS sensor technology since the early 2000s, its advantages over geophone technology, analysis of the practice of using MEMS in seismic. The reasons for some conservative attitude towards MEMS over the past 15 years and prospects for further development will be discussed as well.
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Solubility Features of Dolomite Reservoirs in Hydrochloric Acid at Low Reservoir Temperatures
Authors S. Kuzmina and S. UrjadovSummaryLow-temperature carbonate deposits are typical for the territories of western Siberia. In conditions of low permeability, acid treatment of wells is a widely used method of stimulating the reservoir, but low reservoir temperatures have a significant impact on the effectiveness of the treatment.
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Isolation of Dolerite Intrusions by Borehole Magnetometry to Refine the Lithological Section of the Timan-Pechora Super-Deep Well
Authors G. Igolkina and O. HachaySummaryThe intrusions represented by gabbros - dolerites and dolerites of various structures in terms of magnetic susceptibility and magnetic field clearly stand out among the effusive-terrigenous and carbonate-terrigenous sediments of the Paleozoic Timan-Pechora super-deep well SG-5 (Timan-Pechora oil and gas province). In the conditions of a sedimentary section, the use of borehole magnetometry at depths of more than 3.5 - 5 km allows us to determine the actual position of dolerites in the section, their depth and thickness. Methods: for magnetometric studies at the Institute of Geophysics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, inclinometer and magnetometers were developed that allow continuous measurements of the magnetic susceptibility of rocks (?), the vertical component (Za) and the entire vector of the horizontal component (H) of the geomagnetic field; magnetic azimuth (Am) and zenith angle (f) of the well. The technique for processing and interpreting the magnetic properties of dolerite intrusions was also developed at the Institute of Geophysics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Results: the possibilities of borehole magnetometry method for studying the magnetic properties of dolerite intrusions and clarifying the lithological and stratigraphic characteristics of the Timan-Pechora super-deep well (SG-5) for assessing the oil and gas potential of the Silurian - Lower Devonian deposits at a depth below the gas condensate reservoir. Conclusions: the magnetic properties of dolerite intrusions in the natural occurrence are determined according to borehole magnetometry, namely, magnetic susceptibility, magnetic field and magnetization. A more accurate location of the roof and the bottom of dolerite intrusions was established, which made it possible to localize and determine their thickness in the section of the Timan-Pechora super-deep well at depths of more than 3.5 km. Keywords: super-deep borehole magnetometry, magnetic susceptibility, geomagnetic field, magnetization, dolerites, intrusions.
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Fracturing Investigation on the Example of Granite Massifs the Republic of Karelia using Geophysical Methods
Authors E. Isakova and T. MingalevaSummaryThe study of rock fractures is essential to determine not only the surface distribution of cracks but also the degree of internal cracking. In this regard, the study of fractures in the deposits of facing stone is one of the main, complex and demanding detailed research tasks.
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Studies of Epsonamerica Dumps Using Geophysical Methods
Authors E. Isakova and E. OrlovaSummaryWatering levees of epsonamerica characterizing the moisture content of the stored rock dump and the density of stacking determines the strength characteristics of phosphogypsum and allocated its varieties, and, as a consequence, the stability of the dump structures. Accordingly, to ensure its safe operation, measures are needed to reduce the water cut of the enclosing dams and prevent the release of filtration water to the lower slopes.
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The Solution of Direct and Inverse Problems of Seismotomography to Study Paleovalleys on the Territory of St. Petersburg
Authors E. Orlova and E. BelekhovaSummaryThis article is devoted to the assessment of physical and mechanical properties of soils subjected to deep-frozen, seismic-acoustic tomography in construction metro's. Complex engineering-geological conditions of the territory of St. Petersburg suggest the use of the underground construction method of artificial freezing soils'. The system of paleovalleys, folded moist unstable sand-clay deposits are a complicating factor in the construction of the subway.
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Full Azimuth Differential Seismic Facies Analysis (FACIVAZ) for Prediction of Oil Saturated Fractured Reservoirs
Authors A. Inozemtsev and Z. KorenSummaryThe traditional approach to seismic facies analysis using conventional stack cubes often gives an uncertain result and limits the possibility of reliable prediction of productive sections. This is because the seismic recording form in the stack data is the averaged result of the stacking of various traces from different azimuthal directions obtained from different angles of incidence-reflection. The report presents a new approach and the technology of full azimuthal differential seismic facies analysis (Facies analysis versus azimuth - FACIVAZ) with the use of full-azimuth seismic data to improve the accuracy of the qualitative prediction of oil-saturated zones into fractured reservoirs. The work (First Break, Vol 37, January, 2019) showed that in the fractured or fractured-porous reservoirs, distortions in the frequency composition of the reflected signals occur due to the azimuth-dependent effects of dispersion and absorption of seismic signals in oil-saturated fractured media. These frequency distortions ultimately affect on the trace shape depending on the azimuth of each ray’s pair. In the case of full-azimuth seismic exploration, using deep processing of pre-stack data in the local angle domain the change in the record trace form depending on the azimuth direction becomes especially noticeable and significant. This effects are registered in seismic record traces and are used in FACIVAZ technology for more accurate and reliable qualitative prediction of oil-saturated fractured zones into reservoirs. In the report are given the basis and the technological process of the proposed approach as well as real examples of using in seismic facies analysis in comparison with the traditional approach at two oil fields in CIS. In the azimuth-dependent interpretation of seismic facies, the degree of increasing the accuracy of the forecast was estimated using borehole information on well productivity. It is shown that the FACIVAZ technology increases lateral seismic facies field resolution and increases the accuracy of prediction of oil-saturated permeable reservoir zones in comparison with traditional technologies. FACIVAZ also increases the reliability of separating oil-saturated fractures from dry fractures and can be used both in combination with an integrated interpretation and in the task of operational support for drilling wells.
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The Forecast of the Diamond Content of the Region Based on KMA Materials
By D. SekerinaSummaryIn the area of the Kursk magnetic anomaly during geological and geophysical surveys, deep (5–10 km) foci of highly conductive objects were identified. The increased electrical conductivity of terrigenous formations, as well as the detailed high-precision aeromagnetic survey data, made it possible to identify geological and geophysical markers corresponding to the horizons of carbon- and sulfide-containing shales. That is why the forecast of the diamond content of the work area is a very relevant topic. The materials of this work are based on the following aspects: - primary geophysical processing of the magnetic field matrix data according to the M-37 map sheet; - drawing up a forecast map for the most promising areas of work; - consideration of alternative deposits associated with kimberlite pipes to create the most accurate idea of the possibility of detecting the same pipes in the KMA region.
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Simulation Investigation of Hydraulic Fracturing Process in the Oil Reservoirs
Authors M. Rezaei Koochi, A. Khormali and G. BahlakehSummaryHydraulic fracturing is one of the most common methods of formation treatment for increasing the production rate, which can effectively enhance the productivity index. Simulation of hydraulic fracturing before the actual operation can help have the more effective treatment. In this work, the fracture width, which can be crated during hydraulic fracturing process, was simulated depending on the time. In addition, the required injection pressure for an optimum operation was determined at various injection rates. Furthermore, the effect of rock permeability and proppant mass on the productivity index and oil production rate was investigated. The simulation results showed that the optimum injection rate for hydraulic fracturing process is 4 L/s. At this rate, the maximum injection pressure was about 14.3 MPa. Moreover, the highest amount of productivity index was observed at lower values of rock permeability.
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Basin Modeling of Petroleum System as a Decision-Making Tool in Exploration
By A. PolischukSummaryOne of the key tasks of exploration geologists in a petroleum company is to assess the resource base of its license blocks as the basis for planning an exploration strategy. The adequacy of such assessments determines the soundness of economic decisions and, ultimately, the successful development of the company. The main method here is a risk-based probabilistic assessment of resources which allows to predict both a possible number of discoveries when reviewing a targets portfolio, and the expected increase in resources. In this case, one of the key issues of such a methodology is to assess the likelihood of hydrocarbons in traps. Currently, this issue is being increasingly solved by a scientific method, combining the achievements of the organic theory of the naftides origin and a modern computer technology, i.e. basin modeling. The purpose of this work is to assess the Asset’s oil and gas potential based on 3D basin modeling, including the assessment of the probability of success of exploration drilling using a case study of a sedimentary basin in South America. This basin is an “atypical” petroleum system which experienced intense magmatism in the Mesozoic time.
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Mathematical Modeling of Thermohydrodynamic Processes in a Formation with Hydraulic Fracturing in a Fluid Injection Mode
Authors M. Zakirov, R. Valiullin, R. Sharafutdinov and I. NizaevaSummaryThe present work is devoted to the study of thermohydrodynamic processes in a well and formation to study the possibility of determination of operating intervals by temperature measurements in injection wells with hydraulic fractures in quasi-stationary injection mode.
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Full-Volume Seismic Interpretation – Strategic Innovation in Seismic Geology
Authors E. Lavrenova, V. Kerimov, V. Kosyanov, A. Gorbunov and R. MustaevSummaryContinuous development of acquisition and processing techniques of seismic data provides nowadays, subsurface images of very high quality and resolution even in complex geological environments. It enables to perform the very fine geological models. But seismic interpretation is still an intensive and time-consuming process based on manual picking or auto-tracking of single horizons. As a result, seismic data is not employed in its entirety. That is why so many efforts in recent years are focused to advance new seismic interpretation techniques, which aim not only to automate interpretation, to make it faster and more accurate, but to correlate seismic positions along geologic time lines to provide a continuous fully interpreted seismic volumes. Convenience of such approaches is not so much by the continuity of interpreted seismic volumes. However, continuity itself enables to estimate relative geologic age between of any two points of seismic volume and to obtain any number of equivalent time lines or surfaces. The point at issue is that we can get more geological information from seismic data and make our models more sophisticated to reduce uncertainties and exploration risks. In this work, we use new technology (SAI) to demonstrate advantages of full-volume seismic interpretation for exploration.
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Implementation of Disruptive Innovations in Exploration - Problems and Possible Ways of their Overcoming
Authors V. Kerimov, E. Lavrenova, V. Kosyanov, A. Gorbunov and R. MustaevSummaryConventional exploration is close to its technological capability limit. That is why disruptive innovation is the only way to obtain the desired level of efficiency. Oil companies understand the necessity of innovations. Nevertheless, transformation does not progress rapidly. This work aims to clarify the obstructive reasons and outline possible ways of their overcoming
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Typical Depositional Sequence of Middle Jurua Subformation in the Solimoes Basin, Brazil
Authors A. Khramtsova, A. Vilesov and M. LebedevSummaryBased on facies analysis of cores from five wells and sequence-stratigraphic modeling, 12 III-order sequences were separated in the Middle Jurua subformation, which have been combined into three II-order sequences (JR70, JR60, and JR50) and were traced laterally. The complete section of III-order sequence in Middle Jurua sediments includes (upward) alluvial and eolian sandstones (LST), normal marine limestones and secondary dolomites (TST), and lagoon, intertidal, and sebkha evaporites (HST). Facies maps of second-order sequences were built which will serve as the basis for planning new wells and predicting reservoir intervals. It has been established that the sandstones of eolian complexes in the eastern and central parts of the work area are characterized by the best reservoir properties.
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Features of the Temperature Field in a Well with a Multilayer System during Oil Degassing
Authors I. Kanafin, R. Sharafutdinov and R. ValiullinSummaryIn the process of oil production, the pressure in the well and reservoir can be reduced below the pressure of oil saturation with gas, in this case, oil degassing can occur both in the reservoir and the well, and only in the well. The study of mathematical models of the temperature field taking into account the Joule – Thomson effect and the adiabatic effect in the filtration of oil, water and carbonated oil in the reservoir is devoted to the work (Chekalyuk E. B., 1965; Hasan A. R. et al., 1988; Valiullin R. A. et al., 1994; Sharafutdinov R. F. et al., 2017). It is shown that the decisive contribution to the formation of a temperature anomaly at the outlet of the formation is provided by the heat of the phase transition during oil degassing. The paper discusses the features of the formation of the temperature field in the wellbore for a multi-layer system, taking into account the degassing of oil on the basis of mathematical modeling of thermohydrodynamic processes.
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Methodology of Construction of Detailed Digital Model of Structural Surface of the Crystal Foundation of Romashkin Oil Deposit
Authors A. Borisov, E. Andreeva, L. Anisimova, E. Nurieva and A. TitovSummaryGeological stock material on Romashkin oil field, classical method of convergence of structural surface construction, modern digital technologies allow to obtain new geological information and to highlight previously unknown tectonic elements.
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Mechanistic Investigation of in-situ W/O Emulsion Formation During Heavy Oil Waterflooding
Authors M. Salehpour, Z. Sakhaei, R. Salehi Nezhad, M. Riazi and M.R. MalayeriSummaryIn-situ water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion formation is considered as a non-negligible and unwanted issue during heavy oil waterflooding. Low ultimate oil recovery, oil viscosity increase, formation damage, abnormal pressure spikes during the production period and further separation difficulties are known as the major drawbacks of in-situ W/O emulsion formation. In order to overcome the foregoing complications, a precise survey about the mechanisms of in-situ W/O emulsion formation is required. In this work, a series of pore- or micro-scale waterfloodings at room condition along with high pressure and temperature coreflood experiment have been performed to investigate the associated mechanisms of in-situ W/O emulsion emergence in porous media and subsequent formation damage. The outcomes indicate that in-situ W/O emulations formation during high salinity waterflooding in heavy oil reservoirs causes unstable displacement process which yields early breakthrough of injected water at core-scale and low sweep efficiency. More investigations at pore-scale show that the snap-off, water shortcut and emulsion division are leading mechanisms causing viscous emulsion formation. Heterogeneity of porous media plays a key role in intensifying the consecutive W/O emulsion. These emulsions are stable during flooding period which could be ascribed to the natural surface-active components, such as asphaltenes that act as natural emulsifiers.
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Methodological Justification of Russian Galvanic and Electromagnetic Logs Joint Two-Dimensional Inversion with Vertical Resistivity Evaluation
Authors A. Petrov, C. Sukhorukova, O. Nechaev and M. EpovSummaryTwo-dimensional numerical inversion is widely used by leading foreign oilfield services companies to process electrical measurements from intervals of deposits with complex structure. However, its application for Russian electric logs processing is connected with difficulties caused by design features of the logging devices. Previously, we developed and presented software for joint two-dimensional inversion of high-frequency induction (VEMKZ/VIKIZ) and Russian lateral (BKZ) logs. This research is focused on methodological justification of the approach implemented in the software. Using high-precision numerical simulating of BKZ and VEMKZ/VIKIZ signals in three-dimensional models of anisotropic media, we determined the conditions of the two-dimensional piecewise-constant geoelectric model applicability and evaluated the effect of axial symmetry violation on the data processing results. The use of the approach is justified when the well deviates from the normal to the bedding surface up to 15 degrees. With the use of statistical modeling on synthetic and practical data, we have studied the accuracy of the model parameters evaluation. The results show good accuracy of practically significant parameters evaluation in typical for West Siberian terrigenous sections conditions. On the results of the practical data processing we show the advantage of the new approach over the traditional BKZ and VEMKZ/VIKIZ interpretation techniques.
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Pre-Jurassic Basement Tectonics and it's Impact on the Termal Regime of the Tromegan – Agan Interfluve’s Sedimentary Cover
Authors I. Panteleyko and E. RochevaSummaryThe results of refinement of the Tromegan- Agan interfluve fault – block structure are presented. The essential role of deep faults penetrating from the basement into the sedimentary cover in the formation of termal anomalies of the upper Jurassic sedimentations is proved. It is shown that termal anomalies can serve as indicators of fluid- conducting deep faults. The obtained data should be taken into account when searching for both traditional and non- traditional hydrocarbon fields
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Application of Synthesized Silver Nanofluid for Reduction of Oil-Water Interfacial Tension
Authors A. Khalilnejad, R. Lashkari, M. Iravani and O. AhmadiSummaryReduction of interfacial tension with the goal of acheiving miscibility was investigated in this research. The applicated nanoparticle in this research was silver nanoparticle, which was synthesized by green method.
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Assessment of Oil and Gas Potential of the Timan-Pechora Province According to the Results of Regional Geological Study
Authors O. Prischepa, Y. Nefedov and I. BorovikovSummaryThe comparison of hydrocarbon potential, estimated by the method of geological analogy and potential of the zones of oil and gas accumulation as part of oil and gas system showed significant differences for many areas and complexes, which makes to be more skeptical about residual potential of the traditionally rich systems and on the contrary to take a new look at the potential of previously minor geological features. Involvement in the geological study of areas with ambiguous capacity assessments in the Timan-Pechora oil and gas province, using the results and approaches that assess the hydrocarbon potential from genetic positions and the history of its preservation will bring together approaches to the prospects used by subsoil users and ensure the development of the raw material base of oil and gas, which in turn will contribute to the maintenance of production in the region in the long term. An adequate assessment of the oil and gas potential of the region is necessary as for the long-term planning and expansion of licensing areas by state structures that manage subsoil use, and for companies that develop their presence to make fair management decisions.
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Relative Permeability Curves Reversing Behavior
Authors A. Galechan and V. KadetSummaryThe Plastic percolation model of relative permeability allows to note that the behavior of relative permeability curves for power-law fluids depends on differential pore radius distribution function. It was marked that with average pore radius decrease the following tendencies were observed: pseudoplastic fluids relative permeability decreased while dilatant fluids relative permeability increased. This effect was called relative permeability curves reversing behavior. It has physical background but needs experimental confirmation. If it is confirmed there will be the possibility of optimal flooding fluid choice and reservoir development regime correction in case of reservoir fluids rheology data presence.
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Using 3D Seismic Data for Well Drilling Support - Methodological Features and Practical Examples
Authors A. Kozyaev, T. Kurash, R. Fazylov, A. Korotysheva and S. OnuchinSummaryThe work is aimed at generalization the existing methodological developments in the field of using 3D seismic data at the field development stage. As an example, practical examples are given for three objects with different geological conditions. Two objects confined to terrigenous sediment and one represented by carbonate rocks of Proterozoic age. Various methods of analysis of 3D seismic data are used, which include such popular areas as seismic facies analysis, spectral decomposition, analysis of the scattered component of the wave field, inversion, etc. As a result of the analysis of significant experience in the implementation of seismic and geological monitoring at objects with different geological structures, the main goals and sequence of such work are formed. Recommendations are given on the specific scope of work at each stage, methodological features of each stage are described.
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Use of Seismic Modelling to Develop Optimal Processing Procedures for Investigation of Pre-Jurassic Formations
SummaryIn this paper, we present a technology of seismic processing optimization based on full wavefield modelling. We focused on the pre-Jurassic formation of the Tomsk region. First, we designed the model, where we include for typical objects, such as the effusive complex, the organogenic structures, the elements of the weathering crust, cavernous\fractured limestone, cavernous bauxites, and the acidic intrusions. Second, we simulated full-azimuth seismic data for extremely dense acquisition system with the fold of up to 1000. Next, we applied the quality control procedures to confirm that simulated data can be used for the processing, inversion and imaging.
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Hydrocarbon Traps Prognosis of Paleozoic Deposits Based on the 3D Seismic Data (by the Example of O Field)
Authors A. Pozdeeva, A. Volkova and V. MerkulovSummaryCarbonate rocks are typically characterized by low porosity and permeability, but secondary porosity formation in these rocks can improve the recovery of oil. To solve these problems it is proposed to determination of fractured zones and lithology by seismic attributes. The combined use of seismic facies characteristics and fracture distribution in the study area made it possible to obtain forecast maps. Based on these forecast maps were given recommendations for further development.
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Modelling of Fractured Media with the Help of the LSM Model by the Grid-Characteristic Method
Authors P. Stognii and N. KhokhlovSummarySeismic prospecting is a very effective method for investigating different geological media on the presence of hydrocarbon layers. Fractures are often a barrier on the way of exploration of the chosen area. Numerical modelling is one of the ways of solving the problem of investigating the area with fractures. Many scientific works are devoted to studying fractures, there are lots of models for fractures of different length, width. But still, there is no single model for describing fractures. One of the most popular and effective fracture models is the LSM model (Linear Slip Model) of Shoenberg, where a fracture is described by two parameters — length and stiffness. The grid-characteristic method is applied to modelling wave processes. It is quite good for solving the problems of wave impulse spread in heterogenious media. The result of this work is the introduction of the LSM model into the grid-characteristic method. The results of modelling the elastic waves spread in a homogeneous medium with the Shoenberg fracture are compared with modelling a fracture represented by a two-shore extremely thin fracture model. The LSM model is more general, then the result of comparison is very close for the degenerate case of the LSM model.
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Compass for Structural Interpretation (CSI) A Tool for Uncertainty Management in Subsurface Interpretation
By P. KraemerSummaryThe Compass for Structural Interpretation (CSI) is a web-based collaborative tool created to promote more efficient uncertainty management. It was designed to offer the structural interpreter the opportunity to engage on activities that promote bias mitigation and reinforce the application of effective interpretation techniques, such as a-Discussion with colleagues and use of alternative interpretation b-Access to a range of seismic / outcrop examples and experienced colleagues c-Exposition of interpreters to a wealth of sand box experiments and d-Use of a wide range of interpretation and validation techniques. The design of tools to mitigate uncertainties on each knowledge area (structural geology, sedimentology, petrophysics, and reservoir engineering) is a specialized task that only the members of each community of practice can perform. However, the corporative encouragement to create uncertainty mitigation tools and its enforcement along the project sanction processes is a responsibility that remains entirely at corporate level. The slow and late application of the analysis of cognitive biases in uncertainty management is not a minor issue as some expert opinions suggest that the inadequate management of uncertainty is a root cause of low E&P performance at every scale.
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Determining the Wells for Stimulation Treatments using Machine Learning
Authors A. Raztdinov, M. Salimov, M. Kharisov and A. KornevSummaryImplementation of Information Technologies allows increasing the efficiency of the data analysis to support decisions on optimization of oil and gas production. Commonly, the process of determining the wells for stimulation treatments includes a time consuming and tedious step-by-step comprehensive analysis of borehole and production data of each well. Data Mining and Machine Learning are powerful tools for solving this issue. Using Fuzzy Logic with Genetic Optimization allows processing huge amount of data to uncover new patterns and knowledge from existing parameters. Taking into account borehole and production data, a map of the workover potential efficiency is created. Using Data Mining and Machine Learning can reduce the time and risks in the decision making process in the field of optimization of oil and gas production by applying an Intelligent Assistant that allows assessing the workover potential efficiency.
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Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Potential of Eastern Kamchatka by the Results of Modern Geologycal-Geophysical Researches
More LessSummaryA large amount of geological researches has been carried out on the land and offshore of the Kamchatka over the past decade. On the land of Eastern Kamchatka, two parametric wells were drilled – Liginmynskaya (2012) and Ust-Kamchatskaya (2017). In the period from 2012 to 2017, comprehensive geological and geophysical researches were carried out in the Bering sea, covering the Khatyr, Anadyr, Olyutor and Ilpin sedimentary basins, and also on the offshore of the East Kamchatka basin and the Northern part of the Kuril Islands in the Pacific ocean.
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Prediction of promising zones of development of reservoir rocks of the Bazhenov formation based on a comprehensive study of their composition and geological structure
Authors D. Spiridonov and V. KolpakovSummaryThe paper presents the results of lithological analysis of rocks, characterizes the properties and composition of organic matter, identifies potential reservoirs. The results of well testing in the study area and beyond are analyzed. The object of research is the deposits of the Bazhenov suite of licensed areas of LLC LUKOIL-Western Siberia, tectonically confined to the Surgut and Nizhnevartovsk arches of the central part of the West Siberian Plate.
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Russian Lateral Logs in Thin-Layered and Anisotropic Formations: Numerical Simulation and Inversion Results
Authors K. Sukhorukova, A. Petrov, O. Nechaev and I. SurodinaSummaryRussian lateral logging is widely used in Russia to evaluate formations resistivity, but the behaviour of these logs in complex enviroments is still unclear. In sedimentary sections, some formations are interbedding of two rocks with different resistivity, as a result a quasiperiodic layered structure arises. In this case we need to understand how to divide layered sequence into separate layers, and in which cases we can consider it as one anisotropic layer. To answer this question, we performed 2D numerical simulation of the lateral logs, which are sensitive to the vertical resistivity. Models contain a ~5m periodic sequence composed of interlayers. 2D inversion of the simulated logs results in anisotropic parameters close to the values calculated analytically for the periodic structure, even if a large interlay period causes significant logs oscillations. We also simulated lateral logs in a 3D model, which includes a thinly-layered formation crossed by a highly deviated well filled with a low-resistivity mud. Permeable layers contain invaded zones. Logs inversion results to obtaining average geometric mean of the equivalent anisotropic layer horizontal and vertical resistivities. This value corresponds to the dependences known for the gradient probe signal lying in the bedding plane of a homogeneous anisotropic medium.
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Isolation of Brine Aquifers in Carbonate Rocks of Above-Salt Sediments by a Limited Set of Geophysical Studies of Wells
Authors N. Danileva, S. Danilev and N. BolshakovaSummaryThis article is devoted to the method of separation of brine aquifers by complex of geophysical studies of wells in carbonate rocks. The complex geological structure and limited geophysical techniques make it difficult to isolate and trace brine aquifers. There is a need to develop a methodology for the allocation of these horizons for a limited set of geophysical studies of wells with the mandatory allocation of the reference horizon in the section of wells.
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Development of a Pulsed Electromagnetic Sounding Method for Studying the Bazhenov Formation
Authors M. Nikitenko, V. Glinskikh, M. Epov, D. Gornostalev, K. Danilovskiy and I. MikhaylovSummaryThe work is devoted to fundamental research aimed at the theoretical justification of an electromagnetic method for extracting electrophysical and structural information on the Bazhenov Formation as a unique oil-bearing stratum. The current lack of a common approach to its development, as well as the poor efficiency of the existing techniques for interpreting conventional geophysical methods data, necessitates the creation of new breakthrough technologies. We propose a method of pulsed sounding, which has a considerable depth of investigation and can be used in both well logging and crosshole measurements for identifying lateral heterogeneities and spatial localization of oil-promising zones in the interwell region. To study the electrophysical properties of the rocks exposed by subvertical, deviated and subhorizontal wells, highly efficient algorithmic and software tools were developed. They enable simulating pulsed sounding data and estimating the resolution of an observation system. We performed the numerical simulation and sensitivity analysis of the signals in typical models of the Bazhenov Formation, and showed that the new sounding method provides the capability of lateral tracking the top and bottom of the Bazhenov Formation, as well as studying the transition zone in the overlying and underlying deposits.
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Complicated Salt Strata Influence on the Seismo-Geological Model of Subsalt Structures in the Kaliningrad Region
Authors A. Barancev, I. Kerusov, R. Boyarkin, A. Obolenskaya, E. Kalinina, A. Akulenko and O. GubachevSummaryThe report is devoted to the problem of complex geological objects influence on the seismo-geological model of underlying depositions. Complicated salt layer in the Kaliningrad region was studied as an example. Different methods of time-to-depth conversion under foregoing conditions were compared. It was noted that interpretation of prestack depth migration results in depth domain is the most appropriate under complicated seismo-geological conditions. Considering the situation it should be mentioned that in order to obtain the reliable result of deep migration, special attention should be paid to the creation of correct depth velocity model.
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Diffraction Images and their Topological Analysis for Localization and Characterization of Fracture Zones by Seismic Data: from Theory to Practice
Authors M. Protasov and Y. BazaikinSummaryThe paper presents a technique for localization and characterization of fractured zones by seismic data. The developed technique combines the diffraction imaging and topological analysis of diffraction images. The testing results for realistic synthetic model and real seismic data demonstrate possibility for a reliable restoration of the statistical characteristics of the fractured zones.
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Geological Modeling, as a Means to Search for New Objects on the Example of the Sudovitskoe Field
By E. ShevelevSummaryThe use of geological models as a means for identifying new promising areas for the discovery of deposits within already discovered fields
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3D Scattering Imaging in Time Domain based on Asymmetric Summation: Real Data Application
Authors M. Protasov, V. Tcheverda, G. Reshetova, D. Petrov, V. Shilikov and A. LedyaevSummaryWe present 3D scattering waves imaging procedure based on the use of velocity model in time domain. This procedure gives the possibility to construct selective images corresponding to different directions of incident and scattering energy propagation. We tested the approach on realistic synthetic data greeted for 3D geological model, containing typical diffraction objects: faults, caves and fracture corridors. Approbation of the developed approach was provided on several real data from Eastern Siberia.
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Arctic Marine Electromagnetic Sounding
Authors V. Mogilatov, P. Osipova and A. ZlobinskiySummaryMarine geoelectromagnetic soundings with artificial sources is strongly hampered by the influence of a conductive layer of seawater. It is known, in practice, only one broad, successful application of electrical exploration – in the form of CSEM. However, the method has annoying limitations-the need to dive the installation to the bottom of the deep (more than 1000 m) sea and huge distances (up to 15 km). In the sea, covered with ice, and this method is not applicable. The possibility of deep sounding from the sea surface, and, therefore, from the ice surface arises if you use the TM-polarization field. Such a field in its pure form is generated by a vertical electric line (VEL) or a circular electric dipole (CED). VEL has known drawbacks even when used at sea. At the same time, the efficiency of CED is preserved in one-dimensional and three-dimensional situations, in frequency and time mode. Moreover, with the help of three-dimensional mathematical modeling, we show that the installation of CED is most effective on the sea surface. Thus, for electromagnetic sounding from the ice surface in the Arctic, under the condition of long-term ice drift, the use of CED is optimal and, in fact, there is no alternative. The experience of the NP stations showed that during the drift the station goes a long way in the Arctic regions, where information about the geology of the bottom is extremely scarce. Nowadays, it is planned to organize new drifting stations on the basis of ice-resistant self-propelled platform (LSP), which gives the prospect of geophysical research in the Arctic, including electromagnetic sensing, a new reality. In addition to general questions, the paper develops a three-dimensional mathematical apparatus for the established CED field in the born approximation, which is quite adequate in the conditions of the conducting section, in the presence of deep local inhomogeneities, and also considers the results of experiments with the installation of CED on the ice of the Ob reservoir.
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Anisotropy of Scattered Waves as a Tool for Prognosis the Fracture Direction of Carbonate Reservoir
Authors A. Melnik, D. Petrov and A. TuzovskySummaryFor effective development of carbonate reservoirs, it is necessary to reliably determine fracture direction in space. So specialists of LLC «RN-KrasnoyarskNIPIneft» developed a method for prognosis primary orientation of fracture by identifying seismic scattered waves. The paper shows the successful application of the methodology for determining the preferential direction of fracture at points, which is used for laying the project wellbore. Also, an areal analysis of anisotropy of scattered waves was proposed by the example of one of the fields in Eastern Siberia.
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Application of Truncated SVD Method to Regularize the Inverse Dynamic Seismic Problem
By A. VasilenkoSummaryOne of the statements of the inverse dynamic seismic problem is to find a velocity model of an elastic medium from the data recorded during field work. To solve this problem, the full waveform inversion method is used, which consists in minimizing the functional that measures the difference between observed seismic data and modelled ones. Minimization is reduced to an iterative process, which involves solving an algebraic system of equations. The matrix of this system turns out to be ill-conditioned. Thus, for its inversion it is necessary to apply regularization, which is based on truncated SVD.
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Prediction of Petroelastic Properties of Rocks Based on Machine Learning
Authors G. Vakhitova and A. KhayrullinSummaryThe research is related to the need for seismic modeling of Western Siberia oil deposits in order to clarify geological cross-sections and structures of oil deposits. In order to qualitatively match seismic data and a geological section and then interpret them, it is necessary to have acoustic and density log data in all wells. The presence of these data and their quality are of particular importance in solving problems of seismic inversions. But in some wells, these data are missing or of very poor quality. Thus, we need to restore the acoustic and density logs using other well logging data. Paper presents the results obtained by using neural networks. Neural networks are an effective data processing mechanism for predicting results of various kinds. This technology was applied in this research to predict the petrophysical properties of the formation. The prediction of interval time and density was made. The results agree with the initial data for the cross-section. The elastic parameters are calculated for seismic modeling. Their comparison made it possible to separate the rocks according to lithotypes into reservoirs and non-reservoirs and to construct structural maps taking into account the refinement of the distribution of reservoirs over the field area.
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New Age, Kolmogorov Full Functional Neural Network Usage for Nonlinear Predictive Seismic Inversion
By I. PriezzhevSummaryThe proposed new nonlinear technique based on full functional Kolmogorov neural network for the well log prediction using several seismic cubes and low-frequency model allows for getting high-resolution results. Application of Kolmogorov full functional neural network makes it possible to achieve a high level of freedom deep learning operator with only one hidden layer. The learning procedure is based on hybrid technique using Kolmogorov’s superposition theorem and genetic approach with A. N. Tikhonov regularization.
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The Effect of Saturation on Acoustic Properties of Carbonate Rocks
Authors E. Ziganshin, I. Nugmanov, D. Zaitsev, F. Husnutdinov, V.E. Kosarev and E.A. YachmenevaSummaryGiven the fact that huge volumes of world oil and gas reserves are contained in carbonate reservoirs, laboratory studies of the elastic properties of fluid-saturated carbonates are an area of research of great importance. In this paper, we consider the problem of the influence of pore fluid on the acoustic properties of carbonate rocks. The aim of the work was to identify changes in acoustic properties upon saturation. The P and S wave velocities were measured on 53 dry and saturated core samples. The velocities of 22 samples were measured during drying, at a saturation of 100, 75, 50, 25% and in a completely dry state. As a result, it was found that the S wave does not change upon saturation. P wave as expected increased at saturation. The effect of hysteresis of the P wave upon drying of the sample was also revealed. When saturated from 100 to 25%, the speed did not change, and when dried from 25 to 0%, the speed sharply decreased. This is due to the presence of “stiff” and “soft” pores in the rock samples. When drying, rounded stiff pores dry out first, so the speed does not change. Micropores and cracks then dry, and the speed decreases. This assumption was confirmed by lithological and microscopic studies on thin sections.
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Assessment of the Relationship Between Fracturing and Fault Tectonics of Paleozoic Deposits
Authors K. Diakov and D. KonoshonkinSummaryNumerous observations on outcrops, as well as theoretical considerations, confirm the effect of first-generation fractures on second-generation fractures. Parameters of fractures of the second generation are associated with a modified stress field due to previously formed fractures. To date, software products have been developed that allow the calculation of changes in the stress field due to previously formed fractures or faults. However, a large number of factors affect the predictive ability: such as the nature of fractures, the accuracy of estimating the parameters of first-generation fractures, the quality of the initial data etc. In this project, it is proposed to assess the possibility of predicting the second generation fracturing from the available data on the first-generation faults. During the study, the relationship between fractures of the first and second generations was confirmed. However, the zone of influence of the preexisting fractures significantly depends on the specific stress ratio in certain periods of time, which not easily could be predicted and is the main sources of the uncertainties. Also, the 3D BEM has some limitations and assumptions. Hence, the actual predictability of the second-generated faults and fractures is low and could be performed in a very limited area.
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Simulation of Mineral Scale Formation in Injection Wells During Low Salinity/Smart Water Injection
Authors S. Hosseini, A. Kalantariasl and F. TaleSummaryRecently low salinity and smart/engineered waterflooding is concern, where a compositional injection water injects through the reservoir and it may has been some reactions with anions and cations which exist in brine and totally cause deposition and precipitation of scale minerals in reservoir, wellbores and all paths which these waters flow (Sorbie et al. 2000). Engineered water injection (EWI) is optimized in composition and suable for injection into the reservoir for improving oil recovery through different mechanisms especially wettability alteration(Adegbite et al. 2017). As the water is being injected into the reservoir, its thermodynamic condition varies are negligible because in the reservoir, temperature and pressure consider fix but the most important note which is different mixing ratio of brine/injection water while vary by the time. In this paper we have tried to model scale precipitation and deposition within injection of EWI from surface to bottom of the well which we considered pressure and temperature gradients in order to defining change in temperature and pressure. By the time it had been performed to model scale precipitation and deposition where the injection water composition vary in specialized PV in a core by coupling geochemical software (PHREEQC) with MATLAB
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Microseismic Monitoring of Active Fracture Zones as an Instrument of Forecasting the Disjunctive Break and Deconsolidation Zones at the Mines
Authors I. Sharapov, A. Saetgaraev, S. Oganovsky, S. Feofilov, V. Ryzhov and I. NigmatovSummaryFor the first time at the oil mines of Yarega, microseismic monitoring of active natural fracture zones has been conducted on the areas of mining operations, planned for the period 2018–2020 for the purpose of assessment of microseismic activity in a planned depth interval of the penetration of mining, highlighting areas with the largest microseismic activity, mapping the preferential directions of fracture and prediction of the position of the fractures and deconsolidation zones associated with disjunctive breaks. The result is maps of the intersection of project mining with the predictive discontinuous (disjunctive) faults according to microseismic monitoring given the project depth marks of mining and the allocation of areas of possible caving with the ranking according to risk (low, medium, high). The coincidence of position of prospective disjunctive breaks and areas of risk of caving according to the microseismic monitoring results with actual complications recorded during mining allows claiming about the possibility of prediction of complications before carrying out mining operations on oil mines on the basis of microseismic monitoring. Microseismic monitoring of active zones of natural fracturing may be used for the design of mining operations and events in the process of mining with for the purpose of preventing emergencies and reducing the risks of caving.
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Vector Acoustic Full Waveform Inversion: Connection to Inverse Wavefield Extrapolation and Implication for Image Resolution
Authors P. Zheglova and A. MalcolmSummaryVector acoustic full waveform inversion (VAFWI) directly inverts vector data consisting of pressure and particle displacement components in the acoustic formulation. This allows us to take advantage of the directional information contained in the vector data at the cost of conventional full waveform inversion (FWI). We connect VAFWI gradient calculation to inverse wavefield extrapolation and show that this results in preservation of the low frequency content of the data during the inversion, and increase in image resolution compared to the conventional FWI.
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Convolutional Neural Network for Facies Classification and Oil Detection
Authors T. Gadaev, V. Dokholyan, K. Tushin, A. Salamatsin and A. GoncharovSummaryNeural network approach was proposed to the task of oil search and facies classification based on well logging data. We suggest an appropriate neural network architecture for this data. Our method demonstrates high validation accuracy on both problems.
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Accounting of Parameters of Mud Cake in Interpretation of Geoelectric Well Logs on the Example of Jurassic Oil Collector
Authors D. Evmenova, I. Yeltsov and N. GolikovSummaryThe mud cake on a well wall is formed in process of penetration of filtrate of drilling mud into layer. Porosity and permeability of cake have a considerable impact on a radial profile of specific electrical resistance. Experimental studies will help to determine these parameters and to establish their dependence on properties of layer and drilling mud. The work is devoted to the description of the installation for experimental study of the process of formation and properties of mud cake and the main results.
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Prediction of Fracture Parameters of the Bazhenov Formation using its Digital Twin
Authors V. Cheverda, V. Lisitsa, M. Protasov, G. Reshetova, M. Salischev, D. Sjemin, M. Pervunin, S. Jigulsky, Y. Pavlovsky and M. TarakanovskySummaryThe object of the research is a three-dimensional digital seismic-geological model of a real geological object and the corresponding field observations, both by the method of vertical seismic profiling and surface acquisition. The purpose of the work is as follows: 1. Construction of a digital structural model and its verification by comparing field observations and individual synthetic data sets; 2. Constructing a synthetic data set for a structural model for an areal excitation and registration system with a given overlap; 3. Construction of a model of a fractured medium based on the use of DFN and application of the concept of ideal seismic images. 4. Calculation of total wave fields for a fractured medium and analysis of the contribution made by the presence of fracturing.
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Reconstruction of the Acoustic Emission Events in a Core Sample by Time Reversal Mirror
Authors G. Reshetova, A. Anchugov and V. PozdnyakovSummaryThe paper presents the results of laboratory experiments and numerical modeling for solving the problem of acoustic emission event recovery. The equations of the dynamic theory of elasticity in the polar coordinate system were used as a mathematical model. For reconstructing acoustic emission events Time Reverse Mirror approach with total energy imaging was used. The simulation results made it possible to evaluate a number of basic characteristics for the configuration of a multichannel data acquisition system, the frequency of the acoustic emission signals, to determine the required number of recording channels and the position of the sensors in the core.
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About the Possibility of Using Smoke Gases (Industry Waste Gases) for Increasing the Oil Recovery Factor
Authors I. Gorjanc and S. MigunovaSummaryAchieving a high ORF is the primary task of all oil and gas companies. This issue is particularly acute in reservoirs with high geological heterogeneity. Justification of effective technologies that increase the production of oil reserves from reservoirs, and are aimed at reducing the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere – are the most important tasks in the present era. Carbon dioxide, most commonly found in industrial emissions, is believed to be the main culprit for global warming. This work is devoted to the substantiation of the efficiency of the gas method of EOR. Carbon dioxide, which is both a concomitant component of oil and is an industrial waste from the gas processing plant, is proposed as the injection agent. The paper substantiates the technology to reduce the cost of gas preparation for injection into the reservoir. The objectives of this work are: review of world experience in the use of gas EOR methods; identification of conditions for the use of secondary resources to increase the ORF; study experience in the use of secondary gases at the field M ; study of the behavior of the parameters of development at the selected field; improvement of gas treatment technology for EOR.
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Study of the Viscosity of Synthetic Bitumen Oil and the Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment on It
Authors E. Marfin, M. Gabdukaev, A. Abdrashitov and R. GataullinSummaryThe paper presents the results of an experimental study of the temperature dependences of the viscosity of synthetic oil and the influence of ultrasonic effects on it. The effect of the oil component composition on the efficiency of ultrasonic treatment was investigated. Synthetic oil was a mixture of mineral oil with bitumen, the concentration of which ranged from 2% to 70%. The experimental data were obtained using a SV-10 vibrating viscometer; ultrasonic processing was carried out at a frequency of 22 kHz with an intensity of 10 W/cm2. It was established that the ultrasonic effect on the created oil samples as a whole leads to a decrease in viscosity. The maximum effect of viscosity reduction is observed at high temperatures and is more than 30%. With a low content of bitumen in oil, the effect of ultrasound is negative - the viscosity of the oil increases. The largest decrease in viscosity over the entire temperature range is observed in oil with a mass content of bitumen equal to 25% and averages 18.6%. The results can be used to improve the method of ultrasonic treatment of oil during its production and transportation.
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Multiparameter Data-Space Reflectivity Full Waveform Inversion in Complex Geology
Authors K. Gadylshin and V. CheverdaSummaryA reliable numerical method to solve inverse dynamic problem for elastic waves equation is proposed. This method is based on nonlinear least-squares formulation which is widely known as Full Waveform Inversion (FWI). The key issue on this way is correct reconstruction of macrovelocity component of the model with input seismic data without time frequencies less than 5–7Hz and reasonable source–recievers offsets. To provide correct macrovelocity reconstruction we introduce modified elastic FWI formulation which is sensitive to smooth space variations of both Vp- and Vs-velocity distributions
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Numerical Study of Chemical Fluid-Solid Interaction on Pore-Scale
Authors T. Khachkova, V. Lisitsa, K. Gadylshina and Y. BazaikinSummaryWe present a numerical algorithm for the reactive transport simulation at the pore scale. The algorithm is based on the direct evaluation of the pore-to-matrix interface evolution due to chemical fluid-solid interaction. Using this algorithm we performed a series of numerical experiments simulating various physical and chemical conditions. After that we estimated the changes in the pore space topology and illustrated that these topological measure can be used to characterize completely different core matrix dissolution regimes, with different porosity-to-permeability-to-tortuosity correlations.
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Statistical Justification of Seismic Facies Analysis of Complex Carbonate Reservoir
Authors A. Volkova, K. Chuchalina and V. MerkulovSummarySeismic facies analysis is one of the methodological approaches to the study of the geological structure of the field, and at present it is a standard part of the interpretation process. Seismic facies analysis plays an important role in the process of seismic and geological monitoring, which is carried out at the stage of field development. A comprehensive interpretation of seismic and well data allows predicting at a qualitative level lithofacial variability in local areas, which contributes to a more rational placement of production wells. The prompt receipt of geological information allows to refine the facies model with each new well, refine the reservoir distribution contours, find new relationships between the structure of the geological environment and seismic image variations, and make more accurate subsequent predictions. The main purpose of applying various algorithms to extract facies is to reduce the ambiguity of the geological interpretation of geophysical fields.
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Paleogeographic Criteria for Prediction of Oil and Gas Potential of Jurassic Sediments of Western Siberia
Authors V. Shimansky, N. Taninskaya, E. Raevskaya, I. Nizyaeva, N. Vasilev, I. Gizdatullina, M. Grislina and K. ZundeSummaryBased on extensive material paleogeographic reconstructions of Jurassic sediments were carried out, sedimentation conditions were determined and oil and gas potential within the West Siberian oil and gas basin was assessed. Paleogeographic maps compiled for the Lower Jurassic (late Toarcian), the Middle Jurassic (Bajocian, Bathonian, Callovian) and the Upper Jurassic (Oxfordian, Kimmeridgian) productive complexes. Sedimentation criteria for the distribution of reservoir rocks are revealed, zones of development of improved reservoirs associated with channel and delta complexes are determined. New studies allowed to significantly clarify and detail the overall picture of paleogeographic development and identify the stages of formation of the Jurassic sedimentation basin for the entire territory of Western Siberia. On the basis of paleogeographic reconstructions, the forecast zones of formation of reservoir rocks are determined and the resource potential of Jurassic deposits within the unallocated subsoil fund is estimated.
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Integration Results of Processing Seismic Data using VPRTM Method with Logging Data to Improve the Efficiency of Solving Geological Problems
Authors E. Anokhina and G. ErokhinSummaryThe VPRTM seismic data processing method is based on full vector wave field decomposition. The change in petrophysical properties, expressed by changes in the logs, is expressed in anomalies of attributes calculated by the VPRTM method. Depending on the assigned geological tasks, it is possible to select the VPRTM attributes suitable for their solution.
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An Experimental Study of the Influence of the Earth's Magnetic Field on the Transient Process in a Geological Environment
Authors V. Mogilatov, V. Potapov, A. Shein, V. Gurev and P. OsipovaSummaryThe results of field experiments to detect the Hall effect during earth sounding by the method of establishing the electromagnetic field are considered. We are talking about the problem of interaction of the earth's magnetic field and secondary currents in geoelectromagnetic sounding, which was previously considered only theoretically. This interaction, in particular, is manifested in the effective anisotropy of the conductivity of rocks caused by the appearance of the Hall’s conductivity, which can be considered as a new geoelectric parameter, closely related to the material composition of the geological medium. The article analyzes the signals received by a special electrical installation and assesses the Hall’s conductivity. The experimental material was obtained in the field season of 2018, and confirmed and supplemented in the work of 2019. We also attempt to explain the signals of a new method of sounding becoming (vertical electric current soundings). VECS has already been repeatedly used for delineation of deposits, and systematically a successful result was obtained in the form of a unipolar signal anomaly over the deposit. Analysis of field signals definitely indicates that they are generated by a modified host thickness above the deposit (halo). This is a significant, favorable experimental fact, very confidently confirmed in various fields, but it has not yet been possible to explain it. So we propose this time to consider the possible influence of the Earth's magnetic field.
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Numerical Analysis of Mesoscale Fracture Connectivity Effect on Seismic Attenuation in Fractured Porous Fluid-Saturated Media
Authors M. Novikov and V. LisitsaSummaryIn our study, we investigate the correlation between seismic attenuation and fracture connectivity in fractured porous fluid-saturated media. In particular, wave-induced fluid flow attenuation mechanism manifests itself between fracture-filling material and background as well as within intersecting fractures. To estimate seismic wave attenuation concerning fracture connectivity, we first statistically generate fracture networks with different percolation length through whole fracture system. Then we perform numerical modeling of plane wave propagation within generated models. Using resulting wavefields, we numerically estimate frequency-dependent attenuation. Both cases of high-permeable and almost non-permeable background are considered. Results show that the dominant parameter affecting attenuation is fracture connectivity. However, attenuation increase with connectivity increase is caused by intensifying fracture-to-background WIFF, while fracture-to-fracture WIFF remains local and depends mostly on local fracture connectivity.
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Seismic Data Acquisition in the North of Volgograd Region - Using Different Seismic Sources to Minimize Exclusion Zones
Authors V. Belyaev, M. Stollenwerk and A. FirsovSummaryThe article is on seismic data acquisition using different seismic sources to minimize exclusion zones
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Interfacial Interactions Between Dolomite/Brine/Gypsum using Surface Energy Approach
Authors L. Mahmoodi, A.H. Nikoo, M.R. Malayeri and A. KalantariaslSummaryThe deposition of inorganic matters onto rock surfaces emanates from the interfacial interactions present in the scale/brine/rock system. Accordingly, the experimental work of this study investigates the incompatibility of the cationic and anionic brines with/without dolomite rock at elevated temperature. For doing so, the anionic brine included 6500 ppm ?SO?_4^(2-) is mixed with three different cationic solutions which possess 3000, 6000 and 9000 ppm ?Ca?^(2+), respectively. The observed findings imply that more gypsum deposits are obtained with increasing the salinity of the mixed brines. The same trend is also observed for the understudy system containing dolomite rocks. The outcome of the simulating geochemical software (PHREEQC) validates the experimental observations. However, incomplete dissolution and non-equilibrium conditions can be sought to address the difference between experimental and simulated consequences. From theoretical stand point of view, the extended DLVO theory states that the Lewis acid-base interaction energy dominates the intermolecular interactions in the gypsum/brine/dolomite system which otherwise shows reasonable agreement with the observed results. In other words, the behavior of the system can be rationalized through polar intermolecular interactions rather than dispersion.
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Assessment of Green Scale Inhibitors for Calcite and Gypsum Deposition
Authors L. Mahmoodi, M.R. Malayeri and A. KalantariaslSummaryDeposition of calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate mineral scales is the major problem encountering to the oil industry. Indeed, these salts exist and co-precipitate in the system of seawater injection for the purpose of EOR. For a long time, scale adhesion has been a matter of much attention. Instead of difficult scale removal, it seems that scale inhibition can be a suitable alternative, as prevention is better than cure! This paper investigates the inhibition efficiency of calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate through two distinct green scale inhibitors (SI), (A) and (B). The experimental results acclaim that (A) has high efficiency on both calcium sulfate and calcium carbonate, though (B) has more significant inhibition efficiency on calcium carbonate compared to calcium sulfate, at the similar condition of green SI dosage. Obtained scales were analyzed by filtration gravimetrical method as well as X-Ray diffraction (XRD). As it can be drawn from XRD, nearly 80% calcite and 60% gypsum would be inhibited in the absence of SI (A) using the dosage of 300 mg/L. Besides, the SI (B) inhibits 20% calcite and 10% gypsum. To sum up, more SI (B) would be required.
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The Accuracy of Seismic Forecast is the Key to Successful Drilling of Horizontal Wells
Authors T. Yurkina and I. MalykhinaSummaryThe paper presents an interdisciplinary approach to using the results of the interpretation of seismic data when accompanying the drilling of horizontal wells, which allows predicting the presence of a fault in the profile path of a horizontal well, an initial assessment of the bedding parameters and the amplitude of the fault plane. The forecast accuracy of the structural framework allows a more prepared approach to drilling a horizontal well. The paper shows the possibilities of using seismic results, allowing to perform work on the optimal wiring of a drilling tool within an oil-saturated formation. This view will be of interest to specialists in the design and construction of horizontal wells. An integrated approach to ensuring the drilling process, reducing or minimizing the risks of formation loss can be applied to any field being developed.
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Analysis of Wellbore Resonance Effects on Acoustic Noise Characteristics in Gas Producers
Authors D. Mikhailov, N. Mutovkin and I. SofronovSummaryMeasurements of acoustic noise in production logging are aimed at locating well casing leakage, crossflow behind casing, fluid/gas inflow, etc. Interpretation of the data can be difficult because of the wellbore resonances having a significant influence on the registered signal spectrum. Using numerical modeling we investigate the spatial-frequency structure of acoustic fields in the wellbore excited by a noise source located in the near-wellbore zone. We analyze influence of geometry and physical parameters of the reservoir and wellbore on the resonances. Also, we consider an example of the acoustic noise spectrum recorded in a gas-condensate producer and conclude that the intensive acoustic signal registered along the extended depth interval is caused by wellbore resonance modes, rather than by an extended inflow zone (which according to production logging data corresponds to a narrow interval of natural fractures). On the other hand, the observed wellbore resonances enable using this natural signal amplification for more reliable inflow identification. Thus, the analysis of acoustic noise spectra by taking into account the wellbore resonances improves the precision of the determination of inflow intervals.
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Optimization of Geomechanical Test Programs for Oil and Gas Reservoirs
By S. ParnachevSummaryNew methodics of geomechanical testing are suggested to provide a wider undestangidng mechanical properties of evaluating geological sections
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Optimization of the Density Model of the Section in the Study of the Pre-Jurassic Complex
Authors A. Volkova, V. Merkulov, F. Grabovskaya and P. VereshchaginSummaryThe study proposes a methodology for optimizing the process of constructing a density model of a sedimentary section for the subsequent extraction of pure gravitational anomalies from objects of the pre-Jurassic complex. The optimal density of exploratory drilling for the interpretation of data of gravity survey at a scale of 1:50 000 is revealed and recommendations are given for working with survey data at a scale of 1: 200 000, which will reduce the processing time of data on sedimentary cover and focus on pre-Jurassic deposits.
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Spectral Characteristics of Acoustic Noise During Air Filtration in Highly Permeable Porous Samples
Authors E. Marfin, A. Abdrashitov and A. GalimzyanovaSummaryFiltration of fluids in porous media leads to the generation of acoustic noise. The spectra of such noises are determined by the physical properties of porous media. In this work, we studied the spectral characteristics of air filtration noise in highly permeable porous samples. The characteristic features of the obtained spectra are established. In particular, the effect of sequentially switching off the frequency bands in the spectrum with a decrease in the pressure drop was found. It is established that the dependence of the filtration noise intensity is piecewise linear. Moreover, the tangent of the angle of inclination depends on the permeability of the porous medium. The results can be used to develop a theory of filtration noise in saturated porous media.
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Seismic Inversion Through the Application of Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors A. Smorodin, G. Shishaev, A. Volkova and D. EgorovSummarySeismic inversion is one of the crucial step in life of all oil fields. Obtained rock property from recorded seismic response is closely associated with distribution velocity and density in the rock section which are products of acoustic impedance. Conventional inversion techniques have disadvantages such as knowledge requirement of wavelet in deterministic case, or construction of geological model in stochastic case as input data. Well logging is the most representative source of rock properties, especially sonic and density which provide with essential information about reservoir. This kind of information might be used to obtain porosity distribution through the well and further permeability, knowledge of which is crucial for appropriate field development, but these measurements conducted quite rarely in wells. Machine learning algorithms will be applied in order to obtain density and sonic logs from seismic trace. Applied algorithms mainly based on statistical data analysis and allow generalize approach for achieving problem to solve. Also algorithm permits to avoid choosing of wavelet which is a significant disadvantage of conventional seismic inversion techniques. From the machine learning point of view it is required to solve regression problem which implies data series prediction from the given one.
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Experimental Investigation and Geochemical Interpretation of Brine/Carbonate Rock Interactions during Low Salinity Waterflooding
Authors F. Tale and A. KalantariaslSummaryLow salinity water process gains remarkable attention as an EOR method in recent decades. Its importance is a consequence of higher ultimate oil recovery. There is not a unique idea behind its influence, especially for carbonates due to their complex structure, yet researchers ascribe it to various mechanisms among which brine/rock interactions play an essential role. Brine/rock interactions are responsible for two major low salinity processes in carbonates, rock dissolution/precipitation and Multi-ion exchange (MIE). This study presents experimental and simulation study of the effect of these processes at the rock surface. The interactions are investigated through mass difference measurements of the carbonate samples (including both calcite and dolomite) as a result of reaching equilibrium condition with 4 different brines (typical seawater, and its 5, 20 and 40 dilution folds). A geochemical software, PHREEQC, is applied to simulate brine/rock interactions and surface complexation reactions in order to clarify the role of each mechanism. Good adaptation of experimental and simulation results shows the validity of the proposed model that is designed by PHREEQC.
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Geological Structure of the Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic Sequences in the North-East of Western Siberia
Authors N. Munasypov and V. BaldinSummaryThe model of the geological structure of the Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic deposits of the north-east of Western Siberia proposed by the authors is the first work where the obtained results and conclusions are based on regional mapping. This was made by using new highly informative 2D seismic data in the volume of large pre-Jurassic megasequences, including the adjacent large geostructures along the flanks of the Western Siberian basin. The study of the internal structure of megasequences includes sequence-stratigraphy analysis of the wave field tied-up to the geological data of drilling and geological surveys on the flanks of the Western Siberian basin (Yamal, Obsko-Laptevskaya ridge), as well as the on north-west of the Siberian platform within the Taymyr fold-thrust system. The article pays attention to the features of the geological structure of the Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic sequences, represented by the pre-cover (transitional) megasequence of the most ancient stratified deposits from metamorphosed rocks of the folded base to the sedimentary cover and Paleozoic (Vendian-Paleozoic?) orthoplatform structural-tectonic level (megasequence) of the sedimentary cover. The authors substantiate the development of the heavy (over 20–30 km) thick continental crust consisting of stratified Neoproterozoic and Phanerozoic deposits throughout Gydan and Taymyr. These deposits are typical for the north-east of Western Siberia. In the conclusion they describes the limited oil and gas prospects of Neo-Proterozoic and Paleozoic in the northeast of Western Siberia, which can only be associated with the most uplifted blocks of the northeastern parts of the inclined megaswells of the Obsko-Laptevskaya ridge and the flanks of the basin (South Taymyr, Western Taymyr, North Siberian monocline).
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Evaluation of a Non-Ionic Surfactant as a Potential Candidate for Enhanced Oil Recovery
Authors A. Mosallanezhad and S.B. HosseiniSummaryUsing emulsions for Enhanced Oil Recovery has increased in recent years. Emulsion injecting increases water viscosity and improves water displacing efficiency. Micro-emulsions also cause damage in reservoir, and due to the necessity of their minimal use, formation of stable micro-emulsions is a major challenge in EOR. The main objective of this study is to identify and describe stable micro-emulsions at various temperatures. In this work, phase behavior of micro-emulsions containing Glucopon 650EC, 2-Propanol, and synthesized oil, which itself includes Hexane, Decane, and Benzene has been investigated at various temperatures. Three sets of experiments were performed for EOR potential feasibility: Formation and injection water compatibility test, surfactant stability test, and relative phase volume measurement. Also, the effect of salinity on surfactant and micro-emulsions was investigated, and salinity optimization was performed.
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Updating of the Geological Structure of the Neocomian Deposits within the Novoportovskoye Field During Prospecting Surveys
Authors S. Khakimova, Y. Nefedov, I. Nizamutdinova, G. Shangaraeva and R. MunasypovSummaryIntegrated interpretation of borehole data and detailed 3D seismic operations at the Novoportovskoye field made it possible to fundamentally change the model of the geological structure of the main productive interval: to breakdown in detail the section of the wedge-shaped structure, to update the structure of all the strata of the Novoportovskoye group, the position of oil- and gas-water contacts, and tectonic disturbances that control the deposits. Under the conditions of lithologic-facies variability of lateral uniform deposits, lithologic-stratigraphic 1D log columns provide an extremely simplified model of real sections. The strata of the Neocomian clinoform sequence cannot be correlated, relying solely on drilling data. The similarity of the logging characteristics of the reservoirs often does not indicate the identity of the reservoirs, but only the similar facies environments in which these deposits accumulated. There is a lot of evidence for this statement in various regions of Western Siberia [ 1 ].
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Integrated Use of Georadar Radiometry and Sensing by Near-Surface Field Formation to Refine Seismic Data
Authors I. Perepletkin, V. Kuznetsov and Y. DolgikhSummaryPermafrost became the most urgent problem while exploration oil & gas fields in the Arctic Zone. Interferences from other high- and low-speed inhomogeneities makes it difficult to take into account all subsurface factors while making kinematic amendments of 3D seismic data, so it requires only complex approach. Nowadays we do not have generally recognized technology for inversion of traveltime data from heterogeneous shallow subsurface which guarantee correct interpretation of all low velocity zone factors and construction of real depth-velocity model. One of probable solutions is dynamically developing technology of ultra-wideband georadar survey in combination with a shallow modification of sounding by near field formation. Integrated use of the sensing by near-surface field formation and ultra-wideband radiometry will allow supplementing seismic data in areas complicated by the influence of the permafrost due to the fact that a direct forecast of the saturation nature of promising structural objects in a detailed analysis and interpretation of the data is possible. The effectiveness of method integration has been substantiated by the latest experimental studies and its realization possible at all stages of exploration, development and further exploitation of current deposit.
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Possibilities of Events Extraction for Seismic Imaging
Authors A. Masjukov, K. Starkov and A. ShevchenkoSummaryWe propose true 3D events extraction in 3D super-gathers with moveout approximation order smaller than in multifocusing or common-reflection-surface stack.
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Optimization of Multifractured Horizontal Well Performance Applying Machine Learning Techniques: Western Siberia Field Case Study
Authors D. Grigorev, B. Belozerov, D. Egorov, G. Shishaev and E. FofanovaSummaryHydraulic fracturing is one of the most beneficial operations targeted to enhance oil production from unconventional reservoirs, and, certainly, the essential criterion of its success is properly planned hydraulic fracturing design. To make it optimal, the specialist should analyze plenty of appropriate data sources and decide which of them have the greatest impact on the outcome. It seems that machine learning algorithms are effective solution to the problem as they help finding hidden correlations between input and output variables (cumulative oil production, in this case) and highlight those which exert influence mostly. It is worth noting that one of the most valuable aspect of such approach is an opportunity to process vast amount of various data, which is directly relevant to the analysis from the engineer’s point of view. The goal of the research is to find the most robust algorithm able to forecast the target variable and define key hydraulic fracturing design parameters.
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Classification of Intrusive Massifs using Technologies «ARM» (for Example, Igneous Complexes in the South of the Verkhoyan-Kolyma Orogenic Region)
Authors K. Fedorova and I. VorobevSummaryMy name is Ksenia Fedorova. I graduated from St. Petersburg State University in 2011. I am now a postgraduate student 2 years of study. I have been working at the BSEGEI since 2006 year.
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Application of a New Machine Learning Method on a Cascade of Fuzzy-Logical Matrices for Petroleum Reservoir Geological and Hydrodynamic Simulation
Authors S. Ursegov and A. ZakharianSummaryThe traditional version of geological and hydrodynamic models is not at all the only possible one, and, moreover, it impedes the development of geological and hydrodynamic modeling of oil and gas fields as a whole, since it is not truly mathematical. Considering the fact that computers do not work with images, but with numbers, the idea arose to develop a new type of geological and hydrodynamic models that have an unusual appearance, but they are more effective for computer analysis and forecasting. Geological and hydrodynamic models of a new type are a cascade of several tens or hundreds of fuzzy-logical matrices. In particular, such an approach can be effective for oil and gas fields with unconventional reserves, which are characterized by serious limitations on the quantity and quality of the source information.
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Miscible Gas Injection into the Reservoirs for Increasing Oil Production
Authors A. Khormali, G. Bahlakeh and M. Rezaei KoochiSummaryGas injection into the oil reservoirs is one of the effective methods of increasing oil recovery. The gas injection into the reservoirs when it is fully or partially miscible with oil is a difficult physical process from the point of view of mathematical modelling. The simulation of miscible gas injection process by the simulator could give a recommendation about the amount of required gas, injection pressure and other technological parameters. In this work, an industrial software was used to simulate the miscible gas injection process for an Iranian oil reservoir. We determined the amount of gas injection, total oil and gas production and oil recovery factor in the various scenarios of gas recycling. The simulation results showed that the amount production gas was less than the injection gas. In addition, the total oil production and recovery factor was a function of the amount of miscible gas injection.
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Role of Paleovulcanism in the History of Formation of Oil Deposits of Romashkin Field
Authors E. Andreeva, A. Borisov, N. Dokuchaeva, E. Nurieva and I. ChernovaSummaryLocal volcano-tectonic structures (paleovulcans) of the crystal foundation of Romashkin oil field had a direct influence on formation and localization of oil deposits in the lower horizons of the sedimentary covering. The task of identifying paleovulcanic buildings can be effectively solved by precision magnetic and gravitational surveys.
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On the Issue of Determining the Porosity of Terrigenous Reservoirs of Deposits of Natural Bitumen and Super-Viscous Oils
Authors E. Yachmeneva and D. KhassanovSummaryThis work relates to the problem of determining porosity in the terrigenous super-viscous oil reserves. Lithological-facies variability is observed in the reservoir, porosity values vary widely (from 8% to more than 30%), lithological differences are represented by both sandstones and weakly consolidated sands. The work used the data of laboratory core studies and geophysical well surveys (formation density logging, acoustic and neutron logging). A comparative analysis of porosity methods with core data did not show satisfactory approximation confidence values. The results of this analysis also revealed that core samples are grouped by porosity according to the following criteria: porosity of less than 15%, from 15 to 20% and more than 20%. The application of acoustic impedance allowed us to obtain positive dynamics in the study. The product of formation density and velocity in comparison with porosity from core data showed a satisfactory petrophysical function. An increase in porosity in the samples with a decrease in the values of acoustic impedance became apparent obviously. In addition, this is the only group of methods under consideration that showed not a chaotic, but a regular change in porosity (all selected classes are clearly grouped). One of the advanced planning of solving the problem of determining the filtration-capacitive parameters is the volume modeling of the reservoir based on the acoustic characteristics of rocks.
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Geological Model of the Northern Part of Odoptu Anticlinal High, Sakhalin
Authors A. Medvedev, V. Morozov, P. Kovtunovich, O. Krovushkina, A. Alymov, V. Poroskun, N. Malyshev and V. VerzhbitskiySummaryFacies and sequence-stratigraphic model of the northern part of Odoptu anticlinal high, North Sakhalin basin offshore has been developed on the base of core, well logs and seismic study. XIII-XXIV HC bearing strata formed mainly in deltaic environment whereas XXV-XXX prospective zones formed in more distal environments of delta slope and associated turbidite fans of the basin floor. Proximal sedimentary environments of the maximum of Dagi and Lw. Nutovo regressions are expected to extent further eastward then it thought before.
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Impact of Architecture Heterogeneity on Confidence in STOIIP Estimation
Authors N. Klimenko, D. Konoshonkin, E. Fofanova, B. Belozerov and N. BukhanovSummaryThe aim of this research is finding a metric of reservoir architecture complexity provided by different depositional environments and further study of its relationship with confidence in STOIIP estimation. As a result, the linear dependence between architecture uncertainty in its numerical expression (information entropy) and confidence in STOIIP calculation is established that makes information entropy a qualitative indicator for assessment of system exploration level. In addition, it was found that information entropy has a logarithmic relationship with amount of information (number of wells) that allows predicting the potential contribution to the removal of uncertainty when drilling a new well and statistical assessment the value and justification of exploration work which can increase the efficiency of decision-making.
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Tools for Managing the Quality of Geological Databases
Authors Y. Vaneev, R. Gizatullin, E. Prokhorova, A. Nurtdinova and R. NasibullinaSummaryThe daily receipt of large amounts of data for processing and further calculations makes their qualitative analysis difficult. Lack of complete, high-quality and timely information can lead to loss of productivity and efficiency of the Company. Therefore, it is so important to analyze the incoming and existing information for availability and quality. This article describes a tool for ensuring the consistency and quality of geological and technological data in accounting IT systems of the Company - a data verification system. Due to the built-in checks, which are based on mathematical and logical calculations, information is monitored for all types of checked data. Improving the reliability of geological and technological data is achieved by reducing the number of errors in the data. Such an approach will provide the most complete understanding of the current state of the database, reduce the time spent on information analysis, make it possible to extract additional value from it, and reduce the risks associated with a lack of quality data. The article describes the mechanisms and principles of creating a verification system for corporate geological databases, which was developed and tested within the Company and has the potential for scalability
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Clarification of the Quantitative Assessment of Hydrocarbons of the Timan-Pechora Province for Past 10 Years
Authors E. Grokhotov, O. Prischepa and A. KuranovSummaryRecoverable resources of the Timan-Pechora province as of 01.01.2018 amounted to 9729.7 million tons against 9406.2 million tons estimated in 2009 (an increase of + 3.4% or 323.5 million tons). Based on the results of the quantitative assessment of the resources, the most promising for HC exploration regions and areas, and within their borders, promising oil and gas complexes, were identified .On the territory of the Timan-Pechora province, mainly oil and mainly gas directions are allocated for a complex of prospecting and evaluation work for oil and gas.
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Variations in Ranked List of Reservoir Analogs as an Effect of Search Preferences
Authors A. Voskresenskiy, M. Butorina, O. Popova, N. Bukhanov, Z. Filippova, R. Brandao, V. Segura and E. Vital BrazilSummaryWe compared variations of the two most relevant and widespread approaches for reservoir analogs: search by manual filtering and search by similarity measures with properties weights. The filtering approach tends to be a conventional way of search which can be easily performed manually by geologists, but its results seems to underestimate and limit the width of possibilities. The similarity approach has a more sophisticate implementation and, therefore, offers a range of additional useful analytics. Sensitivity analysis was performed using SHAP values which opens the way to evaluate the effect of different properties to the resulting list of analogs and revealing causal links between these properties themselves.
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Investigation the Effect of Pressure and Temperature on Interfacial Tension in a Carbonated Water and Oil
By M. KarimiSummaryCarbonated water flooding has several mechanisms. Interfacial tension reduction is one of the important mechanisms of carbonated water flooding which increases the capillary number. the main topic of this paper is to measure the IFT of carbonated water and oil in reservoir. In this study, the IFT of carbonated water and oil at different temperature and pressure is measured by the pendant drop method. The results showed that increasing temperature and pressure decreased the IFT
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Deflected Polygonal Faults as Paleo-Stress Indicator and Tool to Analyze Hydraulic Conductivity in Senonian Reservoirs of Western Siberia (Russian Federation)
Authors P. Kraemer and J. Chevallier-MessbacherSummaryPolygonal Fault Systems (PFS) were identified in seismic in 1994 and afterwards recognized in more than 100 basins in the world. They appear related to radial shrinkage suggested by the hexagonal prone shapes and dewatering evidenced by fluid escape features. Several driving mechanisms have been proposed, however, dewatering and contraction of smectite rich sediments could be of significance for the Senonian deposits analyzed here. The random orientation observed in PFS indicates that the horizontal stress was isotropic over large areas at the time of formation. When the isotropic horizontal stress associated to PFS is modified by anisotropic lateral stress, the randomly oriented polygonal geometry of PFS is re-oriented to parallelize to the principal horizontal stress directions, arrangement called here Deflected Polygonal Fault System (DPFS). It has been observed in 3D seismic related to a large N–S trending E dipping normal growth fault coeval with the deposition of unit NB1 and associated to a corridor of “en- echelon” normal growth faults coeval with the deposition of unit NB2. The analysis of paleo stress trajectories evidenced by DPFS combined with the study of critically stressed conductive faults provides a criterion to define optimum horizontal well trajectories for each specific area.
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The Influence of Macro-Heterogeneity of the Achimov Formation on the Forecast of Well Technological Indicators
Authors A. Zaboeva, K. Zverev, O. Generalenko, A. Naumov, D. Peskova and N. PleshanovSummaryOn the example of modeling the Achimov deposits, it is shown that the underestimation of the facies heterogeneities embedded in the 3D geological model can significantly affect the predictive ability of hydrodynamic models. When creating the geological model, a non-standard method was implemented for direct accounting of indirect information (geometrization of facies zones and elements of sedimentation conditions, taking into account the ratio of facies fractions in the section of the reservoir, seismic data). This allows to reflect all levels of heterogeneity, associated with facies differentiation of sediments. The influence of macro-heterogeneity of Achimov deposits on the forecast of well technological indicators is proved by the results of a computational experiment.
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Features of Potential Free Gas Accumulations Distribution in the Upper Part of Sedimentary Cover of the Arctic and Subarctic Seas
Authors V. Bogoyavlensky and A. KishankovSummaryThe objects of the research were the Laptev, Bering, Okhotsk, Chukchi and Beaufort seas. The research included interpretation of approximately 28 thousand km of seismic CDP sections. In total, for all offshore areas, more than 1700 anomalies, indicating potential free gas accumulations in the upper part of sedimentary cover, were revealed. Statistical analysis of anomalies distribution was conducted. It was shown, that features of potential free gas accumulations distribution are connected with geological evolution of respective regions, and also with cryological conditions.
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The Search for Missed Hydrocarbon Deposits as a Tool to Increase the Economic Attractiveness of Deposits in the Tomsk Region
Authors A. Evdokimova and A. BobrovSummaryThe problem of reproduction and increase of the resource base of hydrocarbons can be solved by analyzing geological and geophysical materials of the Fund of exploration and appraisal wells. In this regard, the prospects have continental deposits of the Tyumen formation, which were developed on the territory of the Tomsk region. The improvement of methods and technologies, increasing oil recovery, allows the development of hard-to-recover oil reserves in formations with low filtration-capacitive properties, which in turn increases the interest in working with these objects.
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Software and Mathematical Apparatus for Induction Logging Data Processing in Vertical Wells
Authors P. Domnikov, Y. Koshkina, M. Persova and Y. SoloveichikSummaryIn this paper, we used an approach to solving the inverse induction logging problem based on geometric inversion. The finite element method was used for the electromagnetic field modeling. The solution of the inverse problem is based on minimizing the residual functional between practical and calculated data. Studies were conducted on the quality of the reconstructed geoelectric models using noise-free data and noisy data. It is shown that when using the proposed algorithms for multidimensional geometric inversions, the distribution of electrical conductivity is generally restored correctly even in the case of noisy data.
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Characterizing Preformed Particle Gel for Enhancing Oil Recovery in High Water Cut Wells
More LessSummaryHigh water cut is a common problem in mature oil reservoirs. So it’s necessary to use methods to control water production. Preformed particle gels (PPG) are one of the useful conformance controlling agents which are prepared at the surface prior to the injection. Acrylamide based PPGs are the most common ones in the oil industry. Their swelling capacity and elasticity is related to their synthesis composition, temperature and salinity . In this paper the effect of these parameters on swelling ratio of PPG is investigated. The results show that increasing the crosslinker amount leads to decreasing the weight loss during purification. Also PPG swelling ratio decreases drastically with increasing crosslinker/monomer molar ratio. Brine salinity and its temperature can also affect PPG swelling capacity such that PPG swelling ratio declines 3 to 10% by adding 5000 ppm NaCl to the water and increasing temperature from 25 to 55 ? C leads to a slight increase in PPG swelling ratio due to thermo-swelling phenomena.
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Reservoir Complexity as a Prediction Tool for Recovery Factor
Authors I. Kitaev, E. Fofanova, T. Deyeva, B. Belozerov, N. Bukhanov and O. MelnikovaSummaryIn this paper we have created a tool for RF prediction based on the complexity of the reservoir. In order to achieve this goal, specialized literature has been studied that describes current approaches to this prediction. A completely new complexity metrics was proposed here, which considered previously unused heterogeneity indices. To calculate RCI, a series of simulation models were built that provided an estimate of the reservoir's RF, which was described by a specific set of characteristics. The obtained correlation of RF vs RCI was verified with data of real fields. It was determined that the synthetic RF was systematically overestimated, which is explained by the presence of an unaccounted reservoir parameter that reduces RF. The relevance of using the proposed tool for RF prediction is in rapid assessment of the potential of the reservoir and examination on existence of unaccounted reservoir features. It also makes it possible to estimate the increase in oil recovery for already developing fields.
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