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4th EAGE St.Petersburg International Conference and Exhibition on Geosciences - New Discoveries through Integration of Geosciences
- Conference date: 05 Apr 2010 - 08 Apr 2010
- Location: Saint Petersburg, Russia
- ISBN: 978-90-73781-79-5
- Published: 04 May 2010
151 - 200 of 210 results
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Tectonic Processes and BSR Features along Chilean Margin
Authors I. Vargas Cordero, U. Tinivella, F. Accaino, M.F. Loreto, F. Fanucci, M.E. Lascano and C. ReichertFrom seismic interpretation we can argue that basal and frontal accretions are the main processes that model this part of the Chilean margin. Frontal accretion areas are characterized by a smoothed oceanic crust top, anticline reliefs, high offset thrusts and positive flowers structures; while, basal accretion areas, are characterized by an irregular oceanic crust top, uplifted slope, low offset thrusts, normal faults affecting the upper prism sediments, negative flower structures and re-activated thrusts. In particular the BSR is strong and continuous, within prism sediments, where the frontal accretion processes are acting, while it is weak and discontinuous where the active process is the basal accretion. We can suppose that the uplifting by basal accretion generates extensional tectonic movements. This can favour fluid escape and, consequently, a change of temperature. A consequence of this change is that the BSR disappears or becomes weaker. It is possible to extrapolate that strong and continuous BSRs can be developed in presence of frontal accretion processes, because it is most probable that high-fluid flux can occur in compressive conditions, while weak and discontinuous BSR can be associated to basal accretion, because off-crapped sediments can uplift the entire accretionary prism favouring fluid escapes.
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Neotectonics of Salym Megaval and Prospect of Oil and Gas Content
By L.E. PestovaNew data about neotectonic evolution in Upper Cainozoic is obtained.
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Composition of Middle Riphean Strelnye Gory Formation Bitumen–Turukhansk Uplift–Lower Tunguska River
Authors E.A. Bakay, N.P. Fadeeva and S.V. FrolovThe Turukhano-Norilsk ridge, Siberian platform, is the area of Paleozoic and Precambrian natural outcrops. Several fields and bitumen shows dated to the caverns and fissures are discovered within its limits, that testifies on present oil and gas systems in the study area. One of the main objects for characterization of petroleum systems is determination of source rocks. The Strelnye Gory formation (Middle Riphean) is one of most enriched in organic matter and could be considered as one of major source formations in the north-western part of the Siberian platform. TOC volumes in the claystones are in average 1.2 %, in separate samples reaching up to 3.4-4.2%. High maturity level of these deposits gives the opportunity to conclude that these concentrations are residual. Initial TOC values have been evidently 2-3 times higher, that is characterizing the studied deposits as highly enriched source rocks. Different forms of organisms took part in formation of petroleum potential of these rocks. In Late Strelnye Gory time the benthic forms appeared. This statement is made based on the study of n-alkane distribution. The view of n-alkanes distribution in the bitumen of source rocks gives the opportunity to draw correlations «oil – source rocks»
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Zechstein Petroleum System in Polish Parth of the Southern Permian Basin
Authors P. Kosakowski, B. Papiernik, M. Wrobel and M.J. KotarbaThe Zechstein petroleum system in the Polish part of the SPB stands out for the following characteristics: (i) source rocks reveal poor to fair oil-source potential, but ocally it is very good to excellent, (ii) the best reservoir rocks were on slopes and carbonate platforms, (iii) reconstruction of petroleum processes showed that the initiated of generation and expulsion took place in early Triassic and finished in the late Jurassic time, (iv) migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons was held in the same time as processes of generation and expulsion, (v) critical moment for this petroleum system which is connected with the main phase of generation and migration is dated for the beginning of the middle Triassic, (vi) on the part of area the critical point is located in the beginning of Neogene (after Laramian inversion).
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Seismic Structure of the Earth’s Crust in the Areas of Junction of the West–Siberian Plate and Siberian Platform
Authors V. Kuznetsov and A. SalnikovThe Siberian platform is one of the high-prospect oil-and-gas bearing regions of Siberia. Numerous direct oil and gas shows and a number of gas (Kovyktinskoe, Chayandinskoe) and oil (Yurubchenskoe-Takhomskoe, Kuyumbinskoe, Verkhnechonskoe, Talakanskoe) fields discovered within the platform lead support to the high prospects for oil and gas. Despite intensive geological and geophysical studies, the Earth’s crust of extensive Russia’s territories, such as the Siberian platform, including its areas of junction with the West-Siberian plate, still remain to be studied by deep seismic methods. Because of this, it is very urgent to improve seismic-refraction methods for regional studies of the Earth’s crust in regions difficult of access and data processing and interpretation techniques based on seismic tomography.The areas of junction of the West-Siberian plate with the Siberian platform were studied with the developed procedures. A rather dense network of regional seismic profiles made it possible to elucidate its deep structure with a high degree of reliability, i.e. to construct relief maps over the surface of consolidated crust and Moho discontinuity, to draw up charts over surfaces of rocks of basic and granulitic composition, boundary velocities on the Moho discontinuity.
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Riftogenez and Oil–Gas Content of Sedimentary Basins
More LessWork idea during the analysis of main processes of riftogenesis was multi –stage tectonics of plates as more imposing and universal. Main destructive force of crust the convective streams in upper mantle have been considered in the model of groove development. Such model satisfactory conforms with Morgan’s plumes theory and Relay-Benard convection theory. According to complex of geological, fluid – dynamical and themobaric characteristic the mentioned rifts are conceptions of Kazakhstan scientists about nidal theory of hydrocarbon formation within pre-Caspian oil-and –gas province. Oil-gas and geological zoning, which is forming the scientific base of the area, oil gas bearing capacity prediction had been completed on the basis of a new theoretic base of continental riftogenesis conception and center theory of oil-gas formation. Space connection of gas and oil accumulation areas with high resource density with regional oil and gas generation sources has been found. It is the scientific basis for prediction of large hydrocarbon accumulations. Law of placing huge oil and gas deposits in reftogen sedimentary basins had been installed
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Application of Geographical Information System Technologies for the Sym Site Tectonics Study–Western Siberia
Authors A.P. Khilko and G.A. KvasovLarge sublatitudinal linear zones, some part of which cross the Enisei Ridge and hereafter recede into the Siberian Platform are widely developed in the south-eastern West-Siberian Plate. Here in the great bulk they change their orientation on submeridional, according to the Enisei River valley. Probably, it is facilitated by a ridge subsidence north-westwardly. Data of instrumental measurements along the Enisei River channel are also told indirectly about it. The difference of absolute subsidences from the Eniseisk city to a mouth of the Podkamennaya Tunguska river makes about 6 mm/year (from-4.5 to-10.6 mm/year). The carried out analysis of joint systems development in zones of these fractures in rock natural exposures has revealed a connection between basic orientations of fractures with sublatitudinal direction in the south of the area (the Kolchum River and the Kas River) and submeridional direction in the north (the Dubches), and also a displacements of fault and shear types. It is in agreement with geological data and lineament analysis results with the use of radar cosmoimages.
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Features of the Earth’s Crust Structure of Oil and Gas Pools of the North Sea on the Base of Magnetic Data
Authors A.A. Petrova and I.M. DeminaNow the experience in developing the geophysical model of the Earth’s crust structure is gained on the base of seismic and gravity data. It was obtained that oil-gas pools are characterized by a lithosphere horizontal lamination and the existence of intracrust layers with density and seismic wave velocity reduced. This paper is to study a deep structure specific of an oil-gas-bearing province on the base of magnetic data. Technique of the spectral-spatial analyze (SPAN) is used to differentiate weakly magnetic sedimentary rocks and to chart out basement heterogeneities. SPAN proved itself during oil-and-gas exploring in Volga-Urals, the Caspian, Siberia, the Barents and other regions. In this work the North Sea was chosen as an investigation subject. Results of systematic magnetic surveys, which were carried out by the schooner “Zarya” in 1964-1980, were used as the source data. SPAN technique was applied to analyze extended profiles intersecting 14 known oil-gas fields. Sections were constructed in the depth range from 1 to 30km. This allowed studying the magnetization distribution features of the basement and cover rocks which are characteristic for oil-gas bearing zones. Specific permeable areas stretching under oil-gas-bearing zones are revealed in the depth range from 8 to 28km.
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Estimation of Quality of the Vendian Terrigenous Reservoirs in the South of Baikit Oil–Gas Region
Authors S.A. Moiseev, L.N. Konstantinova and M.I. RomanovThe basic prospects oil-gas of the vendian terrigenous complex are connected with a southern part of the Baikit oil-gas region where powerful cuts Taseeva series are developed. Application of methods of detailed correlation and use of dependences quantitative (porosity, permeability, a thickness) and qualitative (coefficient of sandy) characteristics has allowed to estimate quality of reservoirs. On the basis of the researches capacity characteristics of collectors and zones development structurally-litologicheskih traps have been received
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Geothermal Regime and Petroleum Potential of The Anadyr and Okhotsk–Kamchatka Basins
Authors E.P. Svistunov and O.V. KrylovThe study was designed to establish temperature dependence of the sedimentary cover and gas and oil fields at the Anadyr and Okhotsk-Kamchatka basins. A paleothermal and modern thermal field are determined by regional, zonal and local components. The first component depends on conductive flux, second and third are closely connected to convective heat transfer and influence of the oil and gas fields. The correlation between the hydrocarbon pools and the anomaly thermal field of the sedimentary basins by convective heat transfer are established
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The Role of the Paleohydrogeological Factors in the Formation of Groundwaters Composition of Oxfordian Reservoir
More LessThis paper considers effects of paleohydrogeological factors on genesis of oxfordian regional reservoir groundwaters composition. Cycles and stages of hydrogeological history of southern regions of the Ob- Irtysh interfluve of the West-Siberian artesian megabasin were defined. Detailed paleohydrogeological studies of the upper Jurassic sediments were carried out and composition of syngenetic groundwaters was elucidated. Factors affecting variation of groundwaters chemical composition in the course of sedimentations basin evolution were defined.
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On Capabilities of Accounting for Velocities Anomalies and Ways to Increase Accuracy of Structural Imaging Based on Seis
Authors V.A. Ekimenko, L.K. Petrova, T.A. Myslina and F.F. ZeleznyakIn recent years there is a tendency to raise demands to accuarcy of seismic exploration operations by License holders. It is to a great extent linked to an increased role of mapping of low-amplitude highs which leads to growing risks in selection of well spud-in locations as their drilling requires more and more funds. Accuracy of deep structuring is predetermined by many factors and the main one is the level of reflector boundaries availability of data on the velocity model and correctness of structural imaging method. The Report analyzed results of various approaces to selection of the top reflector boundary and structural imaging methods based on 3D seismic survery in the fields in Orenburg district. The Report examines capabilities of accounting for velocity irregularities resulting from complicated geological structure of the section abundant in presence of salt-karst troughs in the Lower Permain part of the section, Kolganian bed which shows extremely variable thickness and lithology, and Upper Devonian organogenetic build-ups
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Experience of Carrying Out of Seismic Works in Mountain Conditions of South Tajikistan
Authors A.S. Olshansky, E.L. Kuzmin and V.V. RibalchenkoThe peculiarities of seismic works performing on the blocks of Southwestern Tajikistan are discussed in the report. The example of searching of difficult tectonic objects (perspective overlap fault (autochthonic) ) is made in the report
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Seismic Tomography of the Upper Part of East Kamchatka Though
Authors B.A. Kanareikin, O.M. Sagaidachnya and K.A. DunaevaWhen geological structure of oil and gas areas is examined with distance methods, it is important to consider the influence of the most changing upper part of the profile by use of static adjustments. Usually, if geological conditions were complex, the additional special field works are performed for examination of upper part of the profile, including microseismic survey of boreholes and observations by use of method of refracted waves. The alternative could be seismic tomography method of examining the velocities characteristics of upper part of the profile based on the data of first arrival of longitudinal waves. Particularly, this approach may be useful when the detailed area observations are obtained in regions characterized by complex and fast varying structure of upper part of the profile, i.e. regions with permafrost, with trappean tectonics, on the saliferous areas, in areas of large fractures. In this work the results of studying of velocity structure of the upper part of the East-Kamchatka though which obtained using seismic tomography processing of data gathered during the regional seismic observations (2005 – 2006) by “SNIIGGiMS” and “Kamchatgeologiya” are given.
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Reservoir Characterization in the South Adria Foreland
Authors A. Mocnik, A. Del Ben, E. Forte, R. Geletti and M. PipanThe observation of a seismic profile in the offshore of South East Italy outlined the presence of a clear reflector, about 10 km long with prominent negative amplitude and gentle anticlinalic shape: probably it represents a bright spot, connected with the presence of a gas level in the Plio-Quaternary sequence. Below this series the Eastern Apulia carbonate platform margin was interpreted; it represents an important feature for the migration and the accumulation of fluids in the covering sediments. There are not boreholes reaching the bright spot, so we decided to re-process the seismic profile in order to better classify the real origin of this reflector. The AVO technique was used for pore fluids identification and the results were integrated with other seismic attributes analysis, such as instantaneous seismic attributes, and with spectral decomposition analysis. The results confirm the possibility that the considered bright spot may represent a gas saturated level, so we followed this horizon along the public seismic lines of the surrounding region. The mapping of the reflector evidenced the presence of a wide possible gas-reservoir developing toward the inner sector of the Apulia platform, so it could be taken into account for a dedicated survey.
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Seismic Wave Characteristics in Fractured and Fluid–saturated Media
Authors M.S. Khairetdinov, G.M. Voskoboinikova and G.F. SedukhinaThe results presented are based on the multidisciplinary approach devel-oped by Academician A.S. Alekseev to solve the problem of active seismic monitoring of the processes of fracturing and dilatancy developing in seismically and volcano prone zones. In addition to the approach consisting in the tracking of changes in the anisotropy coefficients of the medium and the propagation velocities of P- and S-waves, it is pro-posed to take into account the dynamic characteristics of the wave field. These make it possible to take into account the waveform variations and nonlinear transformation of wave fields associated with the geodynamic processes developing in destruction source zones. This approach is supported by the results of experimental investigations on vibrational sounding of mud volcanoes in the Taman mud volcano province and the tectonic fracture in Novosibirsk region. The efficiency of using these parameters of the wave field to solve the problem of active seismic monitoring is shown. In this case, the problem of estimating the dynamics of development of geodynamic processes in the destruction source zone becomes a multiparametric problem, which can be solved by pattern recognition methods.
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Wave Imaging Technology Scheme for the Forecast of Reservoir Quality
Authors V.A. Pozdnyakov, V.V. Shilikov, A.A. Mereckiy and A.S. MerzlikinaFractured zones in carbonate reservoir of Eastern Siberia offer particular interest as possible catch pot and oil travel path. Application of traditional common reflection point processing often doesn’t allow deciding task of identification such geological objects. In margin of seismic waves fractured zones doesn’t formed seismic reflection, but generating scattering waves. Technology scheme of computation scattered component of seismic waves, use focusing transform, is offer in this work. Also, there are examples of interpretation and forecast of reservoir properties
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Methodology of Wavelet Processing of Seismic Data with Decomposition on Detailed Layers
Authors K.A. Dunaeva and O.M. SagaidachnyaMethodology of seismic data processing and analysis with use of wavelet filtration based on discrete wavelet decomposition of signal on detailed layers is considered. Discrete wavelet transform is implemented using the Mallat pyramidal algorythm. Level n detailed layer is formed as a signal reconstructed from level n detailed coefficients while wavelet coefficients of all other levels are zero. As all transformations are linear, complex wave field is decomposed on layers with different energy and frequency characteristics. The first detailed layer contains high-frequency components of initial data; the next layers contain more smooth (low-frequency) components. It is allowed and possible to construct additional detailed layers of wavelet decomposition if not only smooth wavelet coefficients but also detailed coefficients on each level are subjected to the discrete wavelet transform. It is important that wavelet filtration based on wavelet decomposition detailed layers makes it possible to keep local anomalies of signal component. Efficiency of methodology of wavelet decomposition on detailed layers under dynamic processing is demonstrated on real seismic data.
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High Amplitude Noise Attenuation Based on Wiener Estimation Filter
By H. KarsliIn this paper, an estimation-subtraction technique based on Wiener filtering of attenuating two low frequency high amplitude noises such as ground roll in land and swell noise in marine environments are performed. The Wiener filter design is always realized between an actual output and a desired output in the manner of least squares. Thus, to design Wiener estimation filter, an imperfect model of the noise type is obtained from the data itself by application of a suitable low-pass filter based on the frequency characteristic the noise. Then I used the filter coefficients to estimate the real noise from the data. Finally, the noise estimate has been adaptively subtracted from the data in order to perform attenuation process. The applications of the proposed method to both land and marine datasets show encouraging results and also show that these kinds of filters are effective in preserving available signal band while greatly attenuating these high amplitude noises which mostly damage the reflection signals.
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Offshore Multi Component Deep Seismic Investigations
Authors S.N. Kashubin, Y.V. Roslov, N.A. Krupnova and T.S. SakoulinaThe long-term experience of work WARRP with bottom ocean stations (offshore Barents, Kara, Okhotsk regions) and the subsequent processing of received materials have been acquired by Sevmorgeo. The powerful waves source (120 liters) and short stations interval (250 m between sources and about 10 km between bottom stations) provide registration and tracking of refraction/reflection waves. The advantage of OBS measurement is the possibility of multi component recording. It allows picking of not only P waves but also PS waves. The revision of the data was aimed at PS-wave processing resulted in S-velocity model building. Several segments of the regional lines were chosen after four component record analyses. The key factors were: (1) geological background (2) the possibility to trace PS waves. Preprocessing and picking have been performed in order to create PS wave travel time data base. New data base has been merged with existed P wave travel time date base. S-waves velocity models down to Moho boundary along segments selected have been constructed due to kinematic modeling in framework of SeisWide software although different approached were also investigated. Geological interpretation of the S velocity models obtained is presented.
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El Hierro Island Model–Canary–On a Basis of Joint Interpretation of Microseismic Sounding and Gravity Inversions
Authors A.V. Gorbatikov, F.G. Montesinos, J. Arnoso and M.Y. StepanovaTo study the deep structure of El Hierro Island, Canary Archipelago, we used a new microseismic sounding method based on the fact that Earth's crust heterogeneities disturb in their vicinity the spectrum of low-frequency microseismic field. At the Earth’s surface above the high-velocity heterogeneities the spectral amplitudes of definite frequency f are decreasing, and above the low-velocity ones they are increasing. The frequency f is connected with depth of heterogeneity deposition H and velocity of fundamental Rayleigh mode VR(f) by the following relation H = K*VR(f) /f, here К- is numerical factor close to 0.4. From microseismic data two large intrusive bodies were revealed beneath El Hierro Island. Joint interpretation of microseismic and gravimetric data and their comparison with previously obtained geological and geochemical data by other authors enables supposing that the eastern intrusive body relates to the early stage of the island formation. In the western body at the depths ~15 km the area with lowest seismic velocities could be revealed. We suggest that a modern magmatic chamber is located there.
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The Investigation of Building Structure Quality with the Method of Ultrasonic Velocity and Schmidt Hammer
Authors A.E. Babacan and K. GelisliThis study is based on the use of methods of ultrasonic velocity measurements which is one of the non-destructive measurements techniques for defining the building quality and Schmidt hammer together. It was tried to define the strength and internal structure of columns by various ultrasonic velocity measurements in old and new buildings. The velocity distribution maps were derived from obtained ultrasonic velocity measurements. The method was used together with the well-known Schmidt hammer applications and the results, obtained from applications, correlated. As a result of these correlations, it was seen that the velocity distribution is almost consistent with Schmidt hammer values. It was determined that both old and new columns have problem from the analysis of velocity distribution and Schmidt hammer taken for evaluation. For this reason, old and new columns have to be reinforced.
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Finite–difference Migration in High Definition Seismic Technology
Authors D.G. Tuikov, V.L. Eliseev, A.A. Tabakov, D.A. Mukhin, A.A. Mukhin, A.S. Kolosov and A.V. BaevMigration of seismic data may be presented as two different steps – continuation of wavefield inside the medium and imaging in each point of medium. Wavefield continuation by finite-difference scheme is applicable for any complexity velocity models and is used in HDS (High Definition Seismic) technology. The paper presents the results of a simple approach to migration of 1C data. In this case continuation of a wavefield of the reflected waves is made in reverse-time with correlation, for example, with the Ricker impulse on the DP-wave arrival time, calculated by the ray method, in all finite-difference knots. The results of such migration for 2D and 3D velocity models show the possibility of constructing realistic images for variable dip boundaries
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Wave Selection in High Definition Seismic Technology Based on Method of Projection on Valid Parameters Domains
Authors V.N. Ferentsi, V.L. Eliseev, A.A. Tabakov, D.V. Oguenko, Y.A. Stepchenkov, D.A. Mukhin and A.S. KolosovThe problem of qualitative selection of useful waves at presence in the VSP data essential regular and irregular noises is one of the basic problems in high definition seismic data processing. Use of method of projection in the valid parameters domains at selection increases a noise stability and detail of selection results. Methodical questions and features of realization of wave selection based on application of a priori model of medium for VSP data containing a different kind of frequency noises are considered in the paper. The example of method application in selection of offset shot point VSP data is given.
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Using of Converted Shear Waves to Restore Normal Medium Reflectivity and to Increase Resolution of an Image
Authors V.L. Eliseev, A.A. Tabakov, V.N. Ferentsi, D.V. Oguenko, L.V. Kalvan, D.A. Mukhin, A.S. Kolosov and A.V. BaevPractical application aspects of method for joint usage of pressure and shear converted reflected waves for far offset shot points are observed. The efficiency of the method to restore normal reflectivity of corridor stack trace and VSP image is shown to gain higher quality of VSP tie to CMP and log data, to improve resolution and to increase signal/noise ratio. Real data case studies for reflectivity traces, VSP images and sonic impedances are demonstrated
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Gravitational Sides and Stresses on the Seismic Cross-sections
Authors L.A. Anisimov and P.F. PopovaGravity sliding have been marked in many places of the Caspian Region by field investigations and now many gravitational structures may be detected on the seismic cross sections. These processes and structures may have significant impact on hydrocarbon exploration
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Tectonic Faults Analysis of the Sedimentary Cover in the Western Part of the Samotlor Field Based on 3D Seismic Data
This paper presents the results of the analysis of tectonic faults in the western part of the Samotlor field based on 3D seismic data. Most faults are characterized by the same type of deformations and similar orientation, generating the basic south east – north west oriented spread system. The slopes of the local structures are controlled by these faults. Identified faults ranging made it possible to divide the field into two blocks with different strain state. Thus, upper Jurassic and lower Cretaceous faults are located in the southern part. In the north western part of the area only the Prejurassic and Middle Jurassic faults are identified. This conclusion is also confirmed by paleotectonic reconstructions, that reveal the existence of relatively differently directed vertical movements of the southern and northern blocks. It is found out that there is a submeridional seam zone within the area. The eastern group of the uplifts tends in its tectonic regimen to the Samotlor field, the final development stage of which was over in the alpine phase. The primary phase of the western group uplifts formation refers to the Early Cretaceous. Thus, the seismic data show the leading role of faults in the formation of structures.
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Structural and Stratigraphic Interpretation along a Test Horizon in Tapti Basin
More LessIn the present study the structural and stratigraphic interpretation is carried out with the help of Seismic attributes (frequency, acoustic amplitude, sum of negative amplitude) around Tapti basin located in the Western Offshore of India. Post stack time migrated 3D Marine seismic data is used for this study. Tapti is predominantly clastic sub-basin consisting of Sand/Shale sequences. The basin is moderately well explored up to the Oligocene level. Most of the discoveries are predominantly gas. Time structure map is prepared along a selective horizon followed by projection of griding and contouring. Extraction of seismic attributes is done over the interpreted Horizon. Time map shows the structurally low and high region. Presence of very high Acoustic amplitude, high value of Sum of negative amplitude, low frequency could be attributed to clean sand. The region having low amplitude could be attributed to non-clean sand means sand with the presence of shale. Structural and stratigraphic interpretation helps us to identify the structurally high region having clean sand properties. Results are verified using Well log data (Gamma ray , Density and Porosity ).
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Investigation of the Distribution Radioactive Isotopes in Near-wellbore Zone at a Filtration
Authors R.A. Valiullin, R.F. Sharafutdinov, A.S. Bochkov and A.A. SadretdinovIn article on the basis of mathematical simulation processes transportation of species in anisotropic in permeability porous area are reduce properties of generation concentration fields radioactive tracer in azimuthally radial bottomhole formation zone. It show, that availability azimuthally anomaly in allocation of species indicative about direction of fluid filtration in formation, that confirmed with logging production data
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Aspects of Pulse Neutron Logs Application in Viscous Oil Deposit Studies
Authors C. Chernoletsky, S. Kartamyshev and T. ZhuravlevThe results of applying pulse neutron log in a high-viscosity oil field under thermal treatment have been analyzed. Recommendations on technology optimization have been given.
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The Method of Laboratory Determination of Reservoir Properties of Anisotropic Reservoirs
Authors V.V. Kadet, N.M. Dmitriev and M.T. MamedovIn the present paper the experimental method for determination of absolute and phase permeability for anisotropic reservoirs are represented. The method for determination a structure of permeability tensors on the core samples bases on combined usage of two methods: on measurements of ultrasonic waves’ propagation velocities and on measurements of elastic static deformations. The combined usage of two methods is necessary for anisotropy type definition of core sample (transversely isotropic, orthotropic, monoclinic or triclinic). The results of the method usage for determination of absolute and phase permeability for anisotropic reservoirs are presented. Within the bounds of suggested method it’s possible to determine tensor of limiting gradients and construct non-linear fluid flows laws. Suggested method makes it possible to optimize direction of lateral drilling and field development system on the whole.
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Rock Physics Modeling of a Sakhalin Shelf Deposit
Authors T.V. Nekrasova, T.F. Sokolova, E.O. Malysheva, A.P. Murashka, G.G. Voykov, O.S. Zhukova and I.A. BabenkoThis paper describes one of the Rock Physics modeling techniques of a Sakhalin shelf deposit using Jason RPM software for the purpose of seismic inversion. High reliability of gas-saturated reservoirs prediction from seismic inversion results has been demonstrated
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Application of Advanced Signal-processing Techniques for the Analysis of Field Data in Single-well Imaging
Authors A.O. Bolshakov, X.M. Tang, V. Dubinsky and D. PattersonSingle-well imaging represents an important application for acoustic array measurements that allows for mapping of geologic structures in the vicinity of the borehole. This paper presents a basic methodology, apparatus, and some field-test results for imaging near-borehole geological structures using acoustic logging data. Special attention is paid to the application of various signal-processing techniques to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, suppress unwanted acoustic arrivals and enhance reflections coming from acoustic boundaries in the formation. The validity of this suggested methodology is first tested on synthetic data and then illustrated by imaging the geologic structures in salt domes and slow formation. The borehole survey allows for obtaining high-resolution structural images hundreds of feet along the wellbore, which is impossible to map with only surface or typical borehole seismic data.
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Electromagnetic Logging – High–performance Computing and Effective Interpretation
Authors V.N. Glinskikh and M.I. EpovThe work is intended for development of a software-algorithmic base for express-simulation and inversion of high-frequency electromagnetic logging data. The effective algorithm for simulation using graphics processors of personal computers (video cards) has been developed. Comparative assessments of processing power of logs for 2D geoelectrical models of water saturated reservoirs for the central processing unit (CPU) and graphics processing unit (GPU) have been obtained. We suggest to approximate the radial and depth-dependent conductivity of formations by continuous functions and to design an algorithm for 2D inversion of induction logging data using this approach. Comparison of synthetic logs in models with piecewise constant and continuous approximations of conductivity shows that the continuous-function approximation is accurate within 5 %, and the accuracy improves as the average conductivity of the layered formation is taken into account
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Lateral Heterogeneity Identification of Dense Beds using Bedded Microimagery Data
More LessOn basis of FMI (Formation MicroImager) data were separated 3 dense beds, considered azimuth and dip angle of those layers between wells indicates increasing net pay when lithologic cube was created for 3D modeling
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New Perspectives of Electromagnetic Isoparametric Soundings Applied to Oil and Gas Deposits
Authors L.V. Smetanina and Y.N. AntonovDue to the bigger amount of measurements in the new VEMKIZ method, higher accuracy in estimation of the electric properties around borehole can be provided. Also more information about medium can be obtained, and range of equivalent models become less
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The Multi–frequent Electromagnetic Method of the Hydrocarbons Fields Prospecting and Delineation
Authors H. Kotsiashau and D. GololobovThe multi-frequent electromagnetic method of the hydrocarbons fields prospecting and delineation is presented in this paper. Its possibilities and advantages are showed. New technical solutions during the apparatus realization of the method have allowed ensuring high accuracy of the boundaries determination and hydrocarbon field identification authenticity, and decreasing time expenditures on the survey works conduction and field material processing as well. The physical frameworks of the method have been worked out by V.N. Moskvichev and are based on the hydrocarbon field electrodynamic model created by him. The model reveals the mechanisms of ionic movements along current lines upward from the hydrocarbon field to the oxygen saturation level. The electrochemical processes model inside and above the hydrocarbon field is derivative from V.N. Moskvichev’s electrodynamic model. In the electric field created by the atmosphere - hydrocarbon field system, there occur regular chemical processes caused by the substance transference in the ionic state. The constant particles flow and connected with it electrochemical processes occurring in the near-field and above-field space form anomal electromagnetic field above the hydrocarbon field on the oxygen saturation level. This anomal electromagnetic field appears to be the main investigated object of the suggested method.
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Structural Integrity Control of Underground Gas Storage Facilities by Near-field Transient Electromagnetic Sounding
Authors A.V. Gulimov, K.S. Episkoposov and V.N. DanilenkoIdentification of underground gas storage facilities (UGSF) deformations is necessary for designing leakage prevention and clearing. As shown in this work, a reliable subsurface method, which can fix second gas accumulation sections like a direct evidence of UGSF integrity deformation at presence of numerous artificial conductors (downhole equipment, pipes, wirelines and etc.) is the near-field transient electromagnetic sounding method. Theory aspects and techniques of this method are considered, cases studies of its use on several UGSF are described and efficiency of its application for UGSF integrity monitoring is shown.
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Technique Development and New Approaches for Data Interpretation of Transient Electromagnetic Method–TDEM
Authors Y.A. Agafonov, I.V. Buddo, S.V. Kompaniets and V.V. GomulskyThe method of transient electromagnetic sounding is widely applied at all stages of oil and gas studies. In the conditions of a difficult geological structure of the Siberian platform by means of electromagnetic exploration it is possible to conduct a sufficiently detailed study of the structure of a sedimentary cover and rocks of the base. However increasing requirements to quality of exploration results dictate the necessity of improvement and development of all elements of existing works technologies, and also development of the directions new studies. In these theses, some aspects of development of a technique and the TEM data interpretations are attended that have been lately put into operation. The use of networks with the raised spatial density of supervision allows for a very detailed study the image objects of the studies. One of the directions being developed is the estimation of the induced polarization influence which can serve as an additional informative characteristic that expands possibilities of geological interpretation of TEM data. An increase of method’s geological quality can also be reached by means of thin layer models at an inversion stage.
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3D Researches of the Upper Mantle Using Results of 2D Direct Gravity Data Interpretation
More LessThe direct gravity 2D-interpretation using the quasisingular points method along a set of regional profiles within the central part of the European Russia is carried out. The large information about location of sources of anomalies in various deph ranges, including the upper mantle, is received. Unfortunately, it was possible to estimate an accuracy of their position only with the help of the crossing profile. The analysis of some parameters allows to assume that all sources of anomalies in the upper mantle (or their majority) to the same surface are belonging. For definition of a confidence interval and for the graph of dependence of quantity of anomalies sources from depth relative error 10% was used. According to this graph, depth ≈ 100km is especially emphasized. The same graph was used for a choice of isolines for the map of the upper mantle inhomogeneities, which is for the first time drawn up and submitted here. There is an obscure meaning of a physical sense of anomalies sources - whether they are connected to a change of substance, or to a change of density, or to a change of density gradients.
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Comparing of the 2D–3D Gravity Calculations in Cartesian Coordinates and 3D in Cartesian-spherical Coordinates
More LessIn this study, various calculations comparisons were made to achieve the best results in gravity computation. In the first study, 2D and 3D gravity computation were compared by using a suitable synthetic model in cartesian coordinates. And also in the second study, 3D gravity calculations are compared by using a suitable synthetic model in spherical and cartesian coordinates. In the first study, accuracy of the 3D gravity calculation results were found by inversion in cartesian coordinates. And also in the second study, the 3D gravity calculation results were found to be true in the spherical coordinates instead of in cartesian coordinates. The two studies, forward and inversion solutions were made for these model geometries by intensity of adoption by using a special algorithm (Çavşak H. 1992). Thus, the three-dimensional gravity studies are necessary to do is tried to explain in spherical coordinates.
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Integration of Geophysical Techniques at Different Stages of Exploration for Oil and Gas
Authors E.N. Volkova and M.I. RiskinThis article deals with the integration of geophysical techniques during the process of regional traversing as well as with the effectiveness of application of gravity and magnetic investigations for the detection of deep subvertical heterogeneity. The authors describe the effectiveness of gravy- and magnetic exploration alongside with areal seismic works in the process of the search of oil-and-gas promising objects in salt-dome reservoirs when it is necessary to examine the structure of subsalt horizons. The authors tell that there is a need of reasonable integration of geophysical and geochemical techniques in the process of direct forecasting the locations of oil-and-gas deposits. In addition, the model for sequential interpretation of findings is described in the article
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Allocation of Potential Gold-ore Clusters Was Made on the Base of Midscale Geological–geophysical Materials Within the E
More LessProspecting technology of potential gold-ore clusters was elaborated on the base of midscale geological-geophysical materials exampled by the Eniseysky range. Using new methods of processing and interpretation of gravity and magnetic fields at 1:200 000 scale and utilizing different approaches, areas in the rank of ore clusters prospective for gold-ore objects discovery are distinguished. Priority trends of further prospecting works are determined
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Modern Facilities of Airborne Electromagnetic Methods in Prospecting and Predictive Targeting Projects
By A.A. TrusovAerogeophysica Inc. accumulated great experience in the use of domestic frequency-domain EM-4H system, as well as Canadian time-domain systems (such as HeliGEOTEM, VTEM, AeroTEM) in solving problems of geological mapping, copper-nickel, uranium and base metal explorations. The results are shown by the example of work in the Polar Urals, Buryatia and the Norilsk regions
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Calculation of the 3D Density Model of the Earth’s Crust in the Sea of Okhotsk
Authors V. Savin, V. Butsenko, A. Piskarev and V. PoselovThe paper contains the results of combine studying of the Sea of Okhotsk continental margin. The structure of its surface, modern geodynamics, geophysical parameters and deep structure are investigated. Potential field anomalies of the Sea of Okhotsk have been analyzed. The 3D density model of the main Earth crust structures is compiled and calculated, leaning on the seismic-geological and experimental petrophysical data. The model gives a visual explanation for the observed geophysical anomalies. The schematic map of the basement tectonics is one of the investigation results. So we come nearer to the solution of the general regional problems of the Earth crust construction and the exploration prospects. Analysis of the received geophysical material helps to improve the planning of the future projects and allows to determine the Sea of Okhotsk enclave area locating outside the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation as the natural continuation of continental margin.
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Influence by Physical Flap on Rheological Characteristic Transported Heavy of the Oils
Authors M.V. Kozachok, E.I. Krapivskiy and V.O. NekuchaevTo improve the rheological characteristics of the transported oil fields with heavy, high-viscosity oil is used a number of technologies. The impact of different types of fields is a promising direction of change of rheological properties of highly viscous oils. Ultrasonic cavitation processing and processing of microwave electromagnetic radiation can significantly change the rheological properties of oil, but also significantly extend the period of relaxation
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Surface Wave Retrieval from Ambient Noise using Multi–dimensional Deconvolution
Authors J. van der Neut, E. Ruigrok, D. Draganov, J. Thorbecke, J. Hunziker and K. WapenaarSeismic interferometry is an effective tool to retrieve surface waves between two receiver stations by cross-correlating ambient background noise over sufficiently long recording times. This method assumes an azimuthally uniform distribution of noise sources. Unfortunately this assumption is not always fulfilled in practice. If noise sources are located on one side of a receiver array only, surface waves can also be retrieved by multi-dimensional deconvolution of passive records. We show how this method can effectively correct for azimuthal variations in the noise source distribution. We do not take backscattering of the surface waves into account, but this can be overcome if wavefield decomposition is incorporated.
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Parameterization for qP Travel-time Inversion of Walk-away VSP Data in VTI Media
More LessThe presence of elastic anisotropy produces extra demands to macrovelocity model. The neglecting of anisotropic properties during migration leads to errors, so the macrovelocity model must contain information about anisotropic properties of the media. Our study is dealt with the macrovelocity model recovering in the anisotropic media. We consider tomography problem in transversal isotropic media (TI media). Before solving tomography problem it is necessary to find out the possibility of the different anisotropic parameters recovering. That is why the study is devoted to the analyses: we consider qP traveltimes in TI media and study which parameters can be recovered and which way of the TI media parameterization is the optimal one for the tomography. The obtained results prove that the Schoenberg’s parameterization is the optimal one for tomography problem in TI media.
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Simultaneous Inversion Efficiency Estimation for Acoustic Low–contrast Reservoirs
Authors M. Romanenko, I. Kerusov and D. MiroshnichenkoPrestack simultaneous inversion was performed on synthetic and measured seismic data to appraise the influence of several factors to estimation of P- and S-wave velocity and especially density. The measured data from Western Siberia were used to generate the synthetic data. Analysis on synthetic data indicates that even in the ideal case of noise-free data we have to carry on about angle range. For accurate density estimation it is necessary to use far-angle data (more than 30 degree). Lastly 5-50% random noise was added to the synthetic data, and misfits between inversion results and model data were analyzed. Finally inversion was performed on measured data. Based on results of inversion sandstones with good reservoir quality were detected
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Duplex Wave AVO for Predicting Properties of Subvertical Boundaries
Authors N. Marmalevskyi, I. Khromova and A. KostyukevychWe consider a modification of duplex wave migration that enables seismic images of subvertical boundaries formed by waves of fixed incident angles to be obtained. This allows us to conduct AVO analysis of the subvertical boundaries for classification of faults and estimation of their properties. The role of a full-wave modeling for corrections required to obtain undistorted AVO curves is demonstrated.
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